高级英语第二册修辞（完整版）

Lesson1 1 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor 2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence 3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile 4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet 5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simile Lesson2 1 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence 2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet 3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche 4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, adnthen more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism 5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence 6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simile Lesson3 1 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor 2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile 3 It was on such an occasion te other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once ther was a focus.—metaphor 4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile 5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor, alliteration 6 When E.M.Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor Lesson4 1 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration 2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance 3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis 4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor 5 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression 6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax 7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, winding Lesson5 1 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor 2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole 3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis 4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody 5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey—understatement 6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson6 1 As in architecture, so in automaking.—elliptical sentence Lesson7 1 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor, hyperbole, antithetical contrast 2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole, antithetical contrast 3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes, understatement 4 Obviously, if ther were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.—sarcasm 5 And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor 6 When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor 7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony 8 Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia 9 It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony 10 They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony 11 It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor Lesson8 1 One speaks of ―human relations‖ and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons; one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallism Lesson9 1 In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old mossgrown gardens and under avenues of trees, past great parks and public buildings, processions.—periodic sentence 2 The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor 3 In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets, farther and nearer and ever approaching, a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence 4 Some of them understand why, and some do not, but they all understand that their happiness, the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children, the wisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction 5 Indeed, after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes, and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel construction Lesson10 1 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖ sheik‖, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet 2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor 3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor 4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after theshooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor 5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy 6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naïveté destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had ―made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor 7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and ―Puritanical‖ gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche 8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor 9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where ―they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche Lesson11 1 This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time, below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling, not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor 2 But there are not may of these men, either on the board or the shop floor, and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor 3 Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor 4 A further necessary demand, to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits, is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor 5 It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English. It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world, and Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars, francs, Deutschmarks and the rest, for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification 6 Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world, merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things. But then while things are important, states of mind are even more important.—metaphor 7 It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor 8 Bewildered, they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools, the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor 9 Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other et pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10 Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profit and loss, a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor 11 And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymy Lesson12 1 When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him, suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor 2 Tere, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor 3 Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished, I must say, from my ―place‖—in the extraordinary drama which is America, I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor 4 It is not meant, of course, to imply that it happens to them all, for Europe can be very crippling too; and, anyway, a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor 5 Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persisten—as rain, snow, taxes or businessmen.—simile 6 In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, not the statesman, who is our strongest arm.—metaphor Lesson13 1 I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the ablition of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession, including the law. I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific, for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured, not killed. I am invited to use my imagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis 2 Under such a law, a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who, let us say, neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymy Lesson14 1 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon 2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet 3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor