压力会像感冒一样传染 女性更易受影响

压力会像感冒一样传染 女性更易受影响 Passive stress is as contagious as a cold... and women are most at risk Professor Elaine Hatfield, a psychologist from the University of Hawaii, discovered that stress can be as contagious as a cold, and that "passive" or second-hand stress and anxiety can quickly spread around the workplace. "People seem to be capable of mimicking others' facial, vocal, and postural expressions with stunning rapidity", Hatfield said. "As a consequence, they are able to feel themselves into those other emotional lives to a surprising extent." Prof. Hatfield's study found that we are effectively sponges, soaking up so-called emotional contagions emitted by those around us. As we absorb other people's stress, we can begin to feel stressed too - and to focus on issues that might be troubling us. And Professor Hatfield found that not only do we take on other people's negative thought patterns, we can also start to subconsciously take on their stressed out body language, causing us to hunch our shoulders and furrow our brows when we talk to them. "In conversation, people automatically and continuously mimic and synchronise their movements with the facial expressions, voices, postures, movements, and instrumental behaviors of others", Professor Hatfield says. In doing so, people can and do "feel themselves into" the emotional landscapes others are suffering. "Some people are oblivious and therefore immune to the stress around them", she said. "Women are more at risk because they tend to be more in tune to other people's feelings", Prof. Hatfield adds. 据英国《每日邮报》11月8日报道，来自夏威夷大学的心理学教授伊莲•哈特菲尔德发现，压力会像感冒那样传染，“消极的”或是“二手的”压力和焦虑会在工作场合迅速蔓延开来。   哈特菲尔德说：“人们似乎会以惊人的速度模仿他人的面部表情、声音和姿势。”   “因此，他们会觉得自己极大程度上融入了他人的情感生活。”   哈特菲尔德教授的研究发现，我们都像是高效的海绵，吸收了周围人发出的所谓的感染性情绪。   当我们吸收了别人的压力，我们自己也会开始感到紧张——并且会关注那些可能困扰我们的问题。   哈特菲尔德教授发现，我们不仅仅会接收他人消极的思维模式，还会开始下意识地接收他们紧张的肢体语言，这使得我们在与他们交谈时也会耸起肩膀，皱着眉头。   “在交谈中，人们会自动地不断模仿，并使自己和他人在面部表情、声音、姿势、动作和其他辅助性行为上保持同步。”哈特菲尔德教授说。   这样做，人们会感到自己融入了他人正在经历的情感世界。   “有些人无视他们周围的压力，因此能够免疫”，她说。   “女性更容易遭遇这种感染压力的风险，因为她们往往会更加顾及别人的感受”，哈特菲尔德教授补充道。   厌食症母亲体重不及七岁幼女 The anorexic mother who weighs less than her daughter, 7 At first glance they might be sisters, but look again at this startling picture. They are, in fact, a 26-year-old mother and her daughter. After suffering from anorexia, Rebecca Jones weighs five stone – less than her seven-year-old daughter, Maisy. The medical secretary survives on soup, toast and energy drinks – even though doctors have warned her the lack of nutrients could kill her. At the same time she encourages 5st 9lb Maisy to enjoy chocolate and cupcakes. Her eating disorder began following her parents' divorce when she was 11. Comfort eating caused her to balloon to 15st, and she was teased at school and lost confidence in herself. At 13, she says, "I pretty much stopped eating". After a drastic weight loss, friends began complimenting her figure and her family did not spot the dangers. But within two years her weight was down to eight stone and her periods stopped. She met Maisy's father when she was 19 and studying at Manchester University. She had assumed her anorexia had left her infertile and had no idea she was expecting until she felt a kick. A scan revealed she was 26 weeks pregnant. Doctors urged her to eat chicken for protein and take vitamin pills to help her baby, but her stomach wasn't used to them. As a result she survived on a diet of bread and beetroot during pregnancy and put on only 7lb during that time. Nevertheless, Maisy was born healthy, but small at 5lb 7oz, and her mother couldn't produce milk to feed her. After splitting with her partner, Miss Jones went on to a virtually liquid diet which took her weight down to five stone. Now her daughter's weight has overtaken her as she enjoys cakes, chips and pizza. "It's wonderful to see her enjoying cakes", said Miss Jones, who lives in Manchester. "I've told her I have an eating disorder and she knows it's a bad thing." Earlier this year, blood tests revealed Miss Jones had dangerously low potassium levels – a condition known as hypokalemia, which causes extreme muscle weakness. She now has her potassium levels and heart rate monitored at regular check-ups. Doctors have warned her she is at risk of a fatal heart attack if she does not put on weight. "I'm terrified I won't see Maisy grow up", she said. "I'd love to eat – I can think of nothing nicer than going out for lunch with Maisy, but I can't." 据英国《每日邮报》11月8日报道，图中两人一眼看去会以为是姐妹，但再仔细看看这张令人震惊的照片吧。事实上，她们是一位26岁的母亲和她的女儿。 患上厌食症以后，丽贝卡·琼斯体重仅为五英石（英国的一种计重单位）——比她七岁的女儿玫思还要轻。 这名医务秘书仅仅靠汤、面包和能量饮料维生——尽管医生已经警告过她营养的缺乏可能会要她的命。与此同时她鼓励体重5英石9磅的女儿玫思尽情享用巧克力和杯形蛋糕。   她的饮食失调症是从她11岁时父母离异后开始的。 为了安慰自己而狂吃使她迅速发胖到15英石，因此在学校被人戏弄，丧失了自信心。   在她十三岁时，她说，“我几乎停止了进食”。在经过高强度的减肥之后，朋友们开始称赞她的好身材，她的家人却还没有意识到危险性。 但在接下来的两年内，她的体重下降至八英石，月经也停止了。   她在十九岁那年遇见了玫思的爸爸，当时她正就读于曼彻斯特大学。此前她以为厌食症已经使她无法生育，她也没有想到她其实已经怀孕，直到感到肚子被踢了一下。扫描检查显示，她已经怀孕26周了。 医生建议她多吃鸡肉摄取蛋白质，并服用维生素药物来帮助她的孩子成长，但她的胃无法接受。   因此怀孕期间她只能吃面包和甜菜，体重仅仅长了7磅。 尽管如此，玫思出生时还是很健康，只是太轻，仅重5磅7盎司，而且她的妈妈也没有奶水喂养她。 与爱人分手后，琼斯小姐几乎只吃流质了，这使她体重降到了5英石。   现在她的女儿体重已经超过了她，因为她喜欢吃蛋糕、薯片和披萨。“看着她享用蛋糕我很高兴”，现居于曼彻斯特的琼斯小姐这样说。“我已经告诉她我有饮食失调症，她也知道这是件坏事。”   今年早些时候，血液显示琼斯小姐血液中的钾水平已经低得很危险——低血钾会引起严重的肌无力。现在她一直在做定期检查，监测钾含量和心率。   医生已经警告她，如果她还是无法增加体重，将会有患上致命心脏病的危险。   “我很怕自己不能看着玫思长大”，她说，“我喜欢吃——我能想到的最美好的事情就是和玫思一起出门共进午餐，但我不能。” 防晒霜或干扰皮肤防御紫外线 Suncream may interfere with skin's natural defence to UV light Suncream may actually block the body's natural defence against harmful UV rays, a surprising new study has found. Scientists from Brown University have discovered that human skin contains sensors that detect radiation from the sun. These light receptors - which are also found in the retina of the eye - immediately prompt the release of melanin, the body's own form of sun protection. This is likely to provide rapid protection against UV damage, long before the skin starts to tan. Researchers now believe that full sunscreen blockage is not necessarily good in sun creams because they block certain wavelengths of light needed to trigger the body's natural defences. Elena Oancea, lead researcher at the university in Providence, Rhode Island, said: “There was no prior evidence that those receptors can function in skin.” “Our work shows that a dedicated UV receptor allows skin cells to immediately detect and respond to UV light.” She added: “This protective capacity should be taken into consideration in the design and use of broad-spectrum sunscreens.”     据英国《每日邮报》11月4日报道，一项令人惊奇的新研究发现防晒霜实际上可能会阻碍人体对紫外线的自我防御。 布朗大学的科学家们发现了在人的皮肤中包含一种感光物质。   在视网膜中也能发现这些感光物质。它们能迅速刺激皮肤黑色素的生成，保护人体不受太阳光线的伤害。   在皮肤开始变黑之前，黑色素就有可能提供最及时的紫外线防护。   研究人员们现在认为全面防护型的防晒霜未必是好的防晒产品，因为它们阻挡了某些能够激发人体自动防御功能的光波。   普罗维斯登斯（位于罗得岛）大学的首席研究员艾琳娜-翁西亚说：“先前没有证据可以这些感光物质能作用于皮肤。”  “我们的研究工作显示，专门的紫外线感光物质能使皮肤细胞迅速甄别紫外光线并作出反应。” 她补充道：“这种防护能力应当考虑在广谱防晒霜的研发和使用中加以利用。”   英国四岁小孩大脑分泌致命毒素 Four-year-old is being poisoned to death by his own brain Distraught parents have told how their son is slowly being poisoned by his own brain. Blighted by a fatal neurological disorder, four-year-old Morgan Mawson is unlikely to make it to his tenth birthday and is unable to walk or talk. He is one of 200 children in the UK who have infantile Batten's disease which is so rare his parents' chance of meeting and conceiving him was only one in two billion. Both Jenni, 28, and Eddie, 37, from Derby are carriers of the faulty gene which causes Batten's disease - meaning any of their children have a one in four chance of inheriting the condition. At birth there are no symptoms of the disorder so it was only when Morgan failed to develop properly that his parents realised there was something wrong. Doctors told the devastated couple that he was not expected to reach his tenth birthday and that a deadly bodily poison was slowly destroying his brain. Jenni said: “His brain produces a chemical which can be poisonous but Morgan is missing an enzyme which dissolves it - so that poison is killing off his brain.” “It's killing off his nerves in his arms, legs and mouth - it stops him from being able to chew and talking properly.” “His behaviour is regressing. At the moment he wants to throw things everywhere and he wants to put things in his mouth. It's like we've gone back to the baby stage.” Eddie and Jenni have had to quit their jobs to act as full time carers for their children.     据英国《每日邮报》11月9日报道，一对伤心欲绝的父母讲述了他们的儿子是如何被自己的大脑慢慢毒害的。 4岁的摩根-莫森身患一种致命的神经性疾病，他不大可能会度过自己的第十个生日，并且无法行走或说话。 他是英国200个患有婴儿贝敦氏症的小孩之一。这种疾病十分罕见， 罹患它的可能性只有二百万分之一。   来自英国德比郡的28岁的珍妮与37岁的艾迪都携带有能导致贝敦氏症的错误基因，这就意味着他们任何一个孩子都有四分之一遗传这种基因的机会。   摩根出生时身体并未出现任何紊乱症状，所以只有当他未能正常发育时他的父母才意识到出了问题。   医生告诉这对倍感震惊的夫妇，摩根预计活不过十岁。一种致命的身体毒素正慢慢地破坏他的大脑。 珍妮说：“他的大脑分泌出了一种有毒的化学物质，但是摩根身体里却没有能够分解它的酶。所以该毒素正在杀死他的大脑。”   “这种毒素正在杀死他的手臂、腿部和嘴部的神经，那将会阻碍摩根正常的咀嚼和讲话。” “他的言行正在倒退。现在他想要四处乱丢东西，并且想往嘴巴里塞东西。他就像回到了婴儿阶段。”   艾迪和珍妮已经不得不辞去工作在家全职照看他们的孩子。