富康车载电脑改装实例(上)

富康车载电脑改装实例(上) “车载电脑”专系列之二 本刊2010年第3期，《蜗居于车内的电脑》拉开了本刊“车载电脑”专题的序幕。为了更真切地感受车载电脑的改装乐趣，记者对自己的私车进行了一番改装。 从最初的选定、各部件选购、线路连接、系统调试到最后的安装和测试，共历时两月有余，其中的苦与乐，愿与广大读者共同分享。同时，也希望有意开展车载电脑业务的维修企业能从这段改装经历中发现商机，搭上“车载电子”改装的“快车”。 电脑与汽车的无缝连接 ——富康车载电脑改装实例(上) 专题策划/本刊编辑部 文/桂江一 一次偶然的机会，笔者接触到车载电脑，被其强大的功能所吸引，并断定“车载电子改装的终结者”非车载电脑莫属，马上萌生了做一个“车载电脑”的专题，并同时着手自己动手改装。 一、方案选定 为了详细了解车载电脑，笔者几乎查遍了所有与车载电脑相关的网站和论坛，特别是网友们“上交”的车载电脑改装“作业”更是逐一拜读。花费了近半个月时间，才初步确定了改装方案。之所以说是“初步”，是因为随着改装工作的逐步深入，改装方案在不断修改。 车载电脑的改装方案五花八门，不一而足，但归纳起来大致有一体型、“显示器+主机”型和“显示器+上网本”型三种。 1. 一体型 收音机模块、GPS模块、顾名思义，一体型车载电脑将显示器、主机、功放、DVD、 电视接收模块等集合在了一起(如图1所示)。这种机型安装简单方便，且能与原车中控台完美匹配，与原装车载电脑几乎一摸一样，几乎看不出改装的痕迹，但价格较高，一般在6000~15000元不等，而且不是所有的车型都能找到合适的一体型车载电脑，特别是一些老旧车型。 图1 一体型车载电脑 指指点点:一体型是车载电脑发展的终极目标，目前妨碍其快速普及的主要因素是价格。相信随着车载电脑的普及以及电脑微型化技术的快速发展，价格会迅速下降，车载电脑的价格瓶颈将会被突破。另据了解，手机大小的微型电脑将在年内上市，这势必会将车载电脑市场狠狠地向前推动一大步。 2.“显示器+主机”型 与台式机一样，“显示器+主机”型车载电脑的显示器与电脑主机是分开的(如图2所示)，显示器被嵌入仪表台，而电脑主机受中控台空间的限制，只能摆放在座位下面或后背厢里。这种车载电脑是目前汽车改装发烧友的首选方案，而且DIY的空间非常大。车主可以根据自己的需要自由选择主板、硬盘、内存条、机箱，同攒一台家用台式电脑没有太多区别。但缺点是，安装比较麻烦，特别是乱七八糟的接线会让人头疼，没有一定电脑基础和汽车维修功底的很难玩转。 图2 “显示器+主机”型车载电脑 指指点点:车主中能玩转电脑的人不少，但既有电脑知识，同时又具备汽车维修能力的车主则是凤毛麟角。在车主DIY车载电脑时，如果汽车维修企业能够提供专业的车载电脑安装服务，相信不但能赢得顾客的忠心和口碑，而且还能为将来大力推广车载电脑改装项目for more than 60 years of rural senior party member care funds; System of regulating the activities of grass-roots party organizations, and enhance the sense of belonging of grass-roots party members; Hold fast to implement "red credit", "red stake" two major project opportunities, strive to explore new ways of development of village collective economy, rural collective economy achieve breakthrough; A progress review by the Secretary of the party work of grass-roots party organizations, strengthens the responsibility of grasping party building, Party Secretary. Second, strengthening the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption. Seriously implement the honest responsibility, actively carry out the independent Commission against corruption interview system, increase the leadership and the day-to-day supervision of party members and cadres at all levels, strengthen the not Winds of special treatment, treatment of "laid-back luxury and arrogance" and "three-pronged" problem, non-gang, national public officers, serving in leadership positions is not land, above-standard equipped with buses and cars for private purposes, and recreational city of gifts, hospitality, luxury and waste, "emptied the rating" special rectification work. Adhere to the rot will be punishing, corrupt Su, and 1 village, 4 disciplinary administrative cadres and workers. Three is to strengthen peace to create a work. Strengthen source management, adhere to prevention, focusing on prevention. Carry out the "big reception, big tour" campaign, petitioning for the cadres of the 积累丰富的经验，打下扎实的基础。 3.“显示器+上网本”型 这种方案与“显示器+主机”型大同小异，显示器嵌入在中控台上，上网本代替主机，可随意摆放在手套箱、副驾驶座或其他地方(见图3)。需要用车载电脑时，将显示器与上网本连接起来即可，下车时拔下连接线(VGA线、COM线、电源线、音频线)还可将上网本带走。需要注意的是，如果使用带触摸屏的显示器则上网本上有对应的COM口，否则触摸屏的触摸功能就成了摆设。 图3 “显示器+上网本”型车载电脑 指指点点:相比来讲，这种方案投入最少。如果车主有现成的笔记本，只要在车上装一个显示器，就能实现“电脑车载”了。由于汽车12V电源不能直接用到笔记本电脑上，如果汽车维修服务企业能针对笔记本电脑提供专业的电源解决方案，一定会受到车主的欢迎。 笔者改装的是一辆有着8年车龄的富康，行驶了近20万公里，购车时加装了一套商家赠送的双向防盗系统，此后未进行过任何改装和加装，一直信奉“原配”才是最好的“真理”。之所以拿与自己朝夕相伴了8年的爱车“下手”，除了是做车载电脑专题的需要，更重要的是被车载电脑的魅力所吸引。可以毫不夸张地讲，车载电脑是万能的平台，只要平台搭好，什么功能都可以轻松实现，只有你想不到的，没有车载电脑做不到的。导航、上网、电视、电影、MP3、倒车影像、车况监测、车辆故障自诊断„„一切都变得轻而易举。 富康车的中控台很是怪异，CD机头的空间比1DIN大，又比标准2DIN小，不伦不类，真搞不懂设计师当初是怎么想的。正是因为这种怪异，给后来选购显示器带来了很大的麻烦。仔细想想，富康的设计师还是被冤枉了，富康车问世的时候，“车载电脑”连个概念都没有。只能怪罪车载电脑产品发展太快。言归正传，结合种种因素，第二种方案，即“显示器+主机”型车载电脑比较合适富康车。 二、部件选购 为了选购到合适的部件，笔者几乎跑遍了京城各大电脑卖场，每次都是空手而归。究其原因，主要是车载电脑市场还处于培育期，市场需求量还很小，靠“走量”生存的商家还没有盯上这块还没做大的“蛋糕”。眼看车载电脑改装计划就要“流产”时，偶尔在网上搜到了车载电脑产品。 1.显示器的选购 一直对“网购”怀有芥蒂之心的我，只好硬着头皮、顶着风险尝试“网购”了。由于富康中控台尺寸的特殊，显示器的选择成了本次改装成功与否的关键，因此笔者把“网购”显示器作为万里长征的第一步。找不到尺寸合适的显示器，电脑与汽车的无缝连接计划将化为乌有。 为了寻找合适的显示器，不得不求助汽修厂的师傅拆下原装CD机头(从未拆过中控台上的任何东西，自己不敢贸然下手)，拿着尺子一遍又一遍地量中控台的尺寸。然后照着量好的尺寸在网上一遍又一遍地搜罗，挨个产品对比尺寸、性能和功能，并不厌其烦地与卖家核对各项数据。功夫不负有心人，总算“淘”到了梦寐以求的6.8寸带触摸的液晶显示器(如图4、5所示)。不但尺寸合适，而且内置FM收音机功能，不开电脑就可以听收音机。在反复阅读了产品介绍及注意事项，并与卖家核实后，感觉这款显示器完全就是为笔者量身打造的，当时的感觉，完全可以用欣喜若狂来形容，毫不犹豫地拍下了这款产品。 for more than 60 years of rural senior party member care funds; System of regulating the activities of grass-roots party organizations, and enhance the sense of belonging of grass-roots party members; Hold fast to implement "red credit", "red stake" two major project opportunities, strive to explore new ways of development of village collective economy, rural collective economy achieve breakthrough; A progress review by the Secretary of the party work of grass-roots party organizations, strengthens the responsibility of grasping party building, Party Secretary. Second, strengthening the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption. Seriously implement the honest responsibility, actively carry out the independent Commission against corruption interview system, increase the leadership and the day-to-day supervision of party members and cadres at all levels, strengthen the not Winds of special treatment, treatment of "laid-back luxury and arrogance" and "three-pronged" problem, non-gang, national public officers, serving in leadership positions is not land, above-standard equipped with buses and cars for private purposes, and recreational city of gifts, hospitality, luxury and waste, "emptied the rating" special rectification work. Adhere to the rot will be punishing, corrupt Su, and 1 village, 4 disciplinary administrative cadres and workers. Three is to strengthen peace to create a work. Strengthen source management, adhere to prevention, focusing on prevention. Carry out the "big reception, big tour" campaign, petitioning for the cadres of the 图4液晶显示器正面 图5 液晶显示器背面 这款6.8寸液晶显示器的主要性能及参数是: (1) 显示区域153.6mm(宽)*86.64(高度); 2) 液晶外尺寸164.9mm(宽)*99mm(高度)* 5.85mm(厚，含触摸屏); ( (3) 物理分辨率 800*480，支持点对点显示800*480分辨率、支持显示800*600和 1024*768; (4) AV1 视频输入，可连接DVD设备或者前置摄像头; (5) AV2视频输入优先，倒车时自动切换到倒车影像; (6) 4路专业音频管理，控制全车喇叭平衡以及高低音; (7) COM口触摸屏，原装触摸屏厚度仅仅0.7mm ，高灵敏、高透光 ，安装简易; (8) 带有智能关机、开机，10s自动检测信号，没有信号输入时自动关闭液晶; (9) 内置FM触摸收音机，不开电脑可以使用; (10) 液晶的所有调节、切换等功能全是触摸屏触摸完成。 耐心等待了三天，笔者的第一款“网购”产品拿到手了。打开包装，有点傻眼了。除了显示器外，还有VGA线、COM线、电源线、音频线、天线、音频转接头、光盘等，而且都没有连接到显示器上，看着这些脑袋真是大了。 打开光盘，里面主要是卖家赠送的各种与车载电脑相关软件程序，有关产品介绍的资料很少，而且内容与网站上的介绍大同小异，还好有两张清晰度不是很高的连接图(如图6、7所示)。一遍又一遍地拿着实物与连接图进行比对，慢慢搞清楚了每一条线的连接口，并逐一进行连接。 图6 显示器驱动板连接图 图7 音频驱动板连接图 由于车载电脑主机还没有选定，暂时还无法对这款显示器进行全面检测。只好找了个12V电源连上，检测其是否能被点亮。就在接通电源的瞬间，显示屏上显示出了厂商的LOGO，由于没有任何视频信号输入，很快显示屏就自动关机了。看来显示器能正常点亮，心里稍稍踏实了一些。 2.主机的选购 有了“网购”显示器的经验，选购主机时少费了许多周折。 选购车载电脑主机与在电脑市场上攒家用电脑基本一样，集成主板、内存条、硬盘和机箱完全可以根据自己的喜好进行品牌和型号的挑选。 需要注意的是电源的选择，建议选用ITPS汽车点火控制功能的电源，具有延时启动和自动关机特点，能有效避免发动机启动瞬间电压波动对主机的伤害，而且关闭汽车电源后车载电脑能自动关机，省去了手动关机的麻烦。 另外，建议在选购机箱的同时一并购买配套的220V转12V电源适配器，虽然系统装车后就用不上电源适配器，但在车下进行测试时这种适配器非常实用。 目前的主流产品基本都是从上网本上移过来的，主板采用的是集成了Intel Atom(凌动)、1.6G双核CPU的17cm×17cm的微型主板，这种主板的特点是尺寸小，节省空间，而且功耗超低。 for more than 60 years of rural senior party member care funds; System of regulating the activities of grass-roots party organizations, and enhance the sense of belonging of grass-roots party members; Hold fast to implement "red credit", "red stake" two major project opportunities, strive to explore new ways of development of village collective economy, rural collective economy achieve breakthrough; A progress review by the Secretary of the party work of grass-roots party organizations, strengthens the responsibility of grasping party building, Party Secretary. Second, strengthening the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption. Seriously implement the honest responsibility, actively carry out the independent Commission against corruption interview system, increase the leadership and the day-to-day supervision of party members and cadres at all levels, strengthen the not Winds of special treatment, treatment of "laid-back luxury and arrogance" and "three-pronged" problem, non-gang, national public officers, serving in leadership positions is not land, above-standard equipped with buses and cars for private purposes, and recreational city of gifts, hospitality, luxury and waste, "emptied the rating" special rectification work. Adhere to the rot will be punishing, corrupt Su, and 1 village, 4 disciplinary administrative cadres and workers. Three is to strengthen peace to create a work. Strengthen source management, adhere to prevention, focusing on prevention. Carry out the "big reception, big tour" campaign, petitioning for the cadres of the 为了图省事，笔者选择的是时下比较流行的车载准系统(如图8所示)。所谓准系统就是不带硬盘和内存条的电脑主机。选择车载准系统的好处是可以废物再利用，以前笔记本电脑升级时淘汰下来的硬盘和内存条可以装进车载电脑发挥余热。当然，如果没有足够扎实的电脑基础，还是建议选购完整的主机系统，这样可省去日后装系统时的诸多麻烦。笔者就因为选购了准系统，自己在安装软件系统时，吃尽了苦头。在后文的系统调试中再详细汇报。 图8 车载电脑主机 笔者选购的车载电脑准系统的具体配置详见表1。 表1 车载准系统配置表 主板 北桥芯片 Intel 945GC 南桥芯片 Intel ICH7 显示芯片 集成Intel GMA 950显示芯片 板载音效 板载Realtek ALC662、5.1声道HD声卡 网卡芯片 板载Realtek RTL8111C千兆网络控制芯片 支持内存 传输标准 DDR2 667/553、最大容量 2GB 内存插槽数量 1个DDR2 DIMM内存插槽 硬盘接口标准 2个SATAII 、1个IDE接口 USB接口数量 6个USB 2.0接口 外接端口 并行接口、COM接口、VGA接口、RJ45网卡接口、音频接口 CPU型号 Intel Atom(凌动)N330-1.6G双核 内置散热风扇 滚珠轴承风扇，12V-0.15A，转速高，风量大，最高转速5500转 电源 型号 依力玛 E-20000车载ITPS 输入 12V直流DC、电流0~15A、宽压范围7~20V 输出 标准ATX接口，主板20针插头、主板4针12V插头、软驱供电插头、 D型供电插头 机箱 尺寸 12cm*4cm*2.5cm 材质 全铝机箱 散热孔 机箱两侧有散热孔，与机箱内散热风扇搭配，帮助机箱内空气流通， 从而达到理想的散热效果 3.其他配件的选购 要想实现车载电脑的基本功能，除了显示器和主机外，还应该选购GPS接收模块、倒车摄像头、功放等。 GPS接收模块产品有无线和有线之分，无线GPS接收模块安装方便，但日后使用过程中的供电问题会让人头疼。建议选用USB口的有线GPS接收模块，虽然安装时会麻烦一点，但日后无需顾问。 倒车摄像头有嵌入式和外挂式之分，各有千秋。具体选择哪一种形式要视具体车型而定。笔者选用的是嵌入式倒车摄像头，在后保险杠上打孔，整个摄像头都隐藏起来，隐蔽性很好，而且美观。 选择功放时，一方面要注意功放的功率与原车音响相匹配，另一方面还要根据功放的安装位置选择合适的尺寸。如果想把功放塞进中控台，而且对音响的要求不高，则可选择尺寸较小的功放;如果对音质要求较高，则可选择尺寸较大的专业功放，这类功放很难塞到中控台里，可挪到后备厢里。 for more than 60 years of rural senior party member care funds; System of regulating the activities of grass-roots party organizations, and enhance the sense of belonging of grass-roots party members; Hold fast to implement "red credit", "red stake" two major project opportunities, strive to explore new ways of development of village collective economy, rural collective economy achieve breakthrough; A progress review by the Secretary of the party work of grass-roots party organizations, strengthens the responsibility of grasping party building, Party Secretary. Second, strengthening the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption. Seriously implement the honest responsibility, actively carry out the independent Commission against corruption interview system, increase the leadership and the day-to-day supervision of party members and cadres at all levels, strengthen the not Winds of special treatment, treatment of "laid-back luxury and arrogance" and "three-pronged" problem, non-gang, national public officers, serving in leadership positions is not land, above-standard equipped with buses and cars for private purposes, and recreational city of gifts, hospitality, luxury and waste, "emptied the rating" special rectification work. Adhere to the rot will be punishing, corrupt Su, and 1 village, 4 disciplinary administrative cadres and workers. Three is to strengthen peace to create a work. Strengthen source management, adhere to prevention, focusing on prevention. Carry out the "big reception, big tour" campaign, petitioning for the cadres of the 部件选择告一段落，感觉车载电脑已经成型，但在安装和调试中，笔者遇到了更多的问 题和麻烦，如何突破障碍，完成改装，下期专题会慢慢分解。 for more than 60 years of rural senior party member care funds; System of regulating the activities of grass-roots party organizations, and enhance the sense of belonging of grass-roots party members; Hold fast to implement "red credit", "red stake" two major project opportunities, strive to explore new ways of development of village collective economy, rural collective economy achieve breakthrough; A progress review by the Secretary of the party work of grass-roots party organizations, strengthens the responsibility of grasping party building, Party Secretary. Second, strengthening the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption. Seriously implement the honest responsibility, actively carry out the independent Commission against corruption interview system, increase the leadership and the day-to-day supervision of party members and cadres at all levels, strengthen the not Winds of special treatment, treatment of "laid-back luxury and arrogance" and "three-pronged" problem, non-gang, national public officers, serving in leadership positions is not land, above-standard equipped with buses and cars for private purposes, and recreational city of gifts, hospitality, luxury and waste, "emptied the rating" special rectification work. Adhere to the rot will be punishing, corrupt Su, and 1 village, 4 disciplinary administrative cadres and workers. Three is to strengthen peace to create a work. Strengthen source management, adhere to prevention, focusing on prevention. Carry out the "big reception, big tour" campaign, petitioning for the cadres of the