英语读音规则完整版

元音字母：a e i y o u 辅音字母：b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z 元音字组：ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai ay air al au aw ea ear ee eer ei ey eu ew ie oa oar oor oi oy oo ou ow our ui 辅音字组：ch -ck –dge dr- -ds gh gu- kn- -mn -ng ph qu- sh –tch th tr- -ts wh- wr- 元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 开闭 读音 例 词 元音字母 开闭 读音 例 词 a 开 [ei] name game baby o 开 [ou] go home no 闭 [æ] map black thank 闭 [] not box dog hot clock e 开 [i:] he she me u 开 [ju:] use student duty 闭 [e] bed let pen desk egg 闭 [] mum bus cup lunch i 开 [ai] fine like time 开音节中，元音字母u在j l r s后读[u:]：blue ruler 闭 [i] is in it this sit six milk 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读音 例 词 元音字母 读音 例 词 a [] China another woman o [] second tonight somebody [i] orange village cabbage [u] also zero photo e [] hundred student open u [] autumn difficult [i] chicken pocket begin [ju(:)] popular january i [][i] holiday family animal 动词中a处于开音节位置，读[ei]，operate [ai] exercise satellite u处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后，读[u(:)] 元音字母在重读闭音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读音 例 词 a在[w]后 [] want what watch wash a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask glass fast father i在-nd -ld gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [ou] most old cold o在m n v th前 [] come love mother 元音字母组合在重读闭音节中的读音 元音字组 读音 例 词 元音字组 读音 例 词 ai ay ei ey [ei] say day again play oo [u:] noon too moon food eight they grey [u] good look book cook al [o:] all ball talk wall ou ow [au] mouth house about ea [i:] tea teacher please how now brown down ee [i:] green bee three oi oy [oi] boy toy noise oa [ou] boat coat goat -r音节的读音 字母 读音 例 词 er ir ur [w]-or [:] her certainly ar [α:] are car far farmer girl bird first shirt [w]-ar [:] warm quarter towards turn nurse or [:] or for sport short word worse 辅音字母r双写时，前面元音字母不能与r构成-r音节，而按重读闭音节拼读规则发音：carry berry hurry -re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 字母 读音 例 词 字母 读音 例 词 are [ε] care dare hare ore [:] more score before ere [i] here mere ure [ju] pure cure ire [ai] fire hire wire 完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音：picture pleasure 非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音：salary 重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元音字组时，元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音：parent zero story during 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象：orange very forest spirit 元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读音 例 词 元音字母 读音 例 词 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play ie/ei [i:] piece field receive air [ε] air hair chair pair repair oa [ou] coat joan boat goal al [] small ball talk wall all oar/oor [:] roar board door floor [:l] always also salt almost oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet al-(f m) [α:] half calm oo [u:] broom tooth school au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw [u] book look cook foot ea [i:] teach easy cheap ou/ow [au] flower house down [e] heavy bread sweater [ou] know row throw though [ei] break great [] young country enough ear [i] hear dear near year [u:] group you soup [ε] bear pear wear swear our [:] course your four [:] earth learn early [au] our hour ours ee [i:] jeep week green three [:] journey eer [i] pioneer deer beer ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [u:] juice fruit suit [i:] lather key eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few [u:] flew brew jewelry 元音字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 有些词不达意随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 元音字组和字群在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读音 例 词 元音字母 读音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey [i] sunday foreign -sten [sl] pisten christen ow [ou] yellow sparrow -stle [(:] phistle jostle castle -sion -tion [n] impression nation -sure [] pressure 元音字母-sion [(n] vision decision 元音字母-sure [(] pleasure measure -tion在s后 [t(n] question suggestion -ture [t] picture culture 元音字组在非重读音节中读[(]音或[i]音：neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee 辅字组的读音 元音字母 读音 例 词 元音字母 读音 例 词 b [b] bag bike bus blue n [n] no nice in note / bomb tomb lamb climb n-[k][g] [ŋ] uncle thank hungry c [k] cake card -ng [ŋ] morning young wrong [s] face decide cinema p [p] map pen apple pig paper ch [] china chess chair ph [f] phone photo elephant [k] school headache q [k] iraq [] machine chicago qu- [kw] quite quiet quarter ck [k] cock knock black chick r [r] frank red ruler rubber d [d] desk dad hand bread s [s] spell thanks six -dge [] bridge fridge [z] please is nose dr [dr] dress driver drink sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland ds [dz] beds hands cards [s] muscle science f [f] fine five face breakfast sh [] english ship fish shirt g [g] good bag go gardon t [t] it what ten meet ten g-(e i/y) [] orange age German t-(ia ie io) [] patient nation gh [f] cough enough rough tch [t] watch catch match / light high eight th [θ] thank three thirty thin gu- -gue [g] guess league dialogue th-冠代介连词 [] this that they the with [gw] language penguin th-(e er) [] clothe father weather h [h] hello hat hot hand tr [tr] tree train country truck / honest hour v [v] evening vest very voice j [] jacket job June w [w] week win we well k [k] key like bike / answer two kn- [n] knife know knock wh [w] what white why when l [l] hello like lake wh-（o） [h] who whose whole / apple full bottle wr- [r] write wrong wrist m [m] morning name me x [ks] box six text exercise -mn [m] autumn solemn column x-重读元音 [gz] example exist exact y [j] you yellow yard young z [z] zoo zero puzzle 1、 音节：以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ŋ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。 2、 音节的划分：（1）在两个音节的相邻外有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。Let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter（2）在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面的一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面的一个音节。长音：pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther；短音：sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 3、 重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要重读符号。 4、 开音节（1）绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。No blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret（2）相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。Name these bike home ex-cuse 5、 闭音节：单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外），且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。Bag egg fish not cup 6、 双音节字词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。含有a- be- de- re- in- ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。 7、 多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。词尾有-ic或-tion -sion的词，在该音节前的一个音节上重读。 英语音标发音表 英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。对于初学者来说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。确实不易。笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。 元音 单元音 前元音 [i:] [i] [e] [æ] 　 中元音 [ʌ] [ə:] [ə] 　 　 后元音 [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:] 双元音 开合双元音 [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au] 集中双元音 [iə] [εə] [uə] 　 　 辅音 爆破音 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] 　 　 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] 　 　 摩擦音 清辅音 [f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h] 浊辅音 [v] [z] [ʒ] [ð] 　 破擦音 清辅音 [tʃ] [tr] [ts] 　 　 浊辅音 [dʒ] [dr] [dz] 　 　 鼻音 （浊辅音） [m] [n] [ŋ] 舌则音 （浊辅音） [l] [r] 　 　 　 半元音 （浊辅音） [w] [j]