被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)

被动语态讲解 一、被动语态的构成形式 　　1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 　 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 　　3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 　　例A new cinema is being built here． 　　4） was/were done 一般过去时 　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 　　5） had been done 过去完成时 　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 　　6） was/were being done 过去进行时 　　例A meeting was being held when I was there. 　　7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 　　8） should/would be done 过去将来时 　　例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 　　9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 　　例The project will have been completed before July. 　　2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 　　2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 　　例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 　　3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 　　例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 　　4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 　　例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 　　5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 　　例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 　　3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 　　v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 　　例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态 　　学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 　　1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。 　　例 My bike was stolen last night. 　　2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 　　例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 　　3. 为了更好地安排句子。 　　例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 　　一些示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： 　　It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。　 　　例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ） 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 　　1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 　　例 This kind of cloth washes well. 　　注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 　　试比较：The door won't lock． （指门本身有毛病） 　　The door won't be locked． （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因） 　　2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 　　例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ 　　3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 　　　 例Your reason sounds reasonable 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 　　在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。 　　1． 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 　　例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。 　　2． 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 　　例The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．） 　　3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 　　例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。) 　　试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。) 　　4. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 　　例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）. 　　5． 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 　　例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 　　6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。 　　例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。） 　　7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 　　例 Who is to blame for starting the fire? 六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 　　表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。 　　1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。 　　例The building is under construction( is being constructed). 　　2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope． 我们的成功始料不及。 　　　　例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）． 　3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。 　　　　例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough． 　4．“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。 　　例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold). 　5．“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。　 　　例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed) 　　6．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。 　　例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed). 　　7．“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。　 　　例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)． 。 　　8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。 　　　　例He took two days off within the teacher's permission. 被动语态习 　　1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner． 　　A． are not kept；will have to　　B． are not kept；have 　　C． do not keep；will have to　　D． do not keep；have to 　　2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now. 　　A. developed　 　 B. have developed 　　C. are being developed　　D. will have been developed 　　3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． 　 　--- Yes，it all depends on the weather． 　　A． I've been told B． I've told　C． I'm told D． I told 　　4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___. 　　A. has completed B. completes　C. has been completed D. is completed 　　5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. 　　A. cut B. are cut　　C. are being cut D. had been cut 　　6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month. 　　A. has been designed　　B. had been designed 　　C. was designed 　　D. would be designed 　　7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. 　　A. breaks B. has broken　C. was broken D. had been broken 　　8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___. 　　A. have been taken place; have been set up 　　B. have taken place; have been set up 　　C. have taken place; have set up 　　D. were taken place; were set up 　　9. That suit __ over 60 dollars. 　　A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 　　10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. 　　--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for? 　　A. is being built B. has been built　C. is built D. is building 　　11.--- Do you like the material? 　　--- Yes, it ___ very soft. 　　A. is feeling B. felt　C. feels D. is felt 　　12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese． 　　A． write B． to write　C． to be written D． written 　　13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you． 　　A． to type B． typing　C． to be typed D． typed 　　14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily. 　　A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out 　　C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out 　　15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___. 　　A. be put up B. give in　C. be turned on D. go out 　　16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith. 　　A. belongs B. are belonged to　C. belongs to D. belong to 　　17. --- What do you think of the book? 　　---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time. 　　A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___. A. catching B. to be caught　C. being caught D. to catch 　　19. This page needed ___ again. 　　A. being checked B. checked　C. to check D. to be checked 　　20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises 　　A. Having taught B. Having been taught　C. taught D. Teaching 　　21)It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days. 　　A) designed 　 　B) has been designed 　　C) will be designed 　　D) will have been designed 　　22)We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema. 　　A) will already have started 　　B) would already have started 　　C) shall have already started 　 D) has already been started 　 　 23) She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her. 　　A) is taken 　　B) takes 　　C) will be taken 　　D) has taken 　　24) Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971. 　　A) is found 　　B) has been found 　　C) was found 　D) had been found 　　25)“Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet. The room____.” A) has been painted 　　B) is painted C) paints 　　D) is being painted 　　26) My pictures ____until next Friday. 　　A) won't develop 　　B) aren't developed 　　C) don't develop 　　D) won' t be developed 　　27) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago. 　　A) had been unemployed 　　B) was unemployed 　　C) has been unemployed 　　D) has unemployed 　　28) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949. 　　A) has been establish 　　B) have been established 　　C) have established 　　D) had been established 　　29) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here. 　　A) would be fined 　　 B) will be fined 　　C) will being fined 　　D) will have been fined 　　30)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?” 　　A) They have been given 　　B) I have been given 　　C) I am given 　　D) They have given to me 　　31) The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee. 　　A) is announced 　　B) have been announced 　　C) are announced 　　D) has been announced 　　32) I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room. A) was 　　B) had 　　C) had been 　　D) is 33)The goods ____when we arrived at the airport. 　　A) were just unloading 　　B) were just been unloading 　　C) had just unloaded 　　D) were just being unloaded 　　34) If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance. 　　A) overcomes 　　 B) is overcome 　　C) has been overcome 　　D) overcome 　　35) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____taken in the past. 　　A) was not 　　B) were not　　C) were not being 　　D) had not been 　　36) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour. 　　A) I smell 　　B) it is smelt　　C) it smells 　　D) it is smelling 　　37) After the race____, the celebration began. 　　A) had been won 　　B) is won　　C) will be won 　　D)has been won 　　38) He was here for a little while, but I don't know where she ____now. 　　A) is 　　B) was 　　C) had been 　　D) has been 　　39) The young teacher has ____ competent. A) been proved to be 　　B) proved to be C) been proved 　　 D) proved being 　　40) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____photographically in March 1930. 　　A) discovered 　　 B) was discovered 　　C) by discovery 　　D) when discovered 　　41) To get a better view of the stage, ____. 　　A)our seats had to be changed 　　B) our seats were changed 　　C) we had to change our seats 　　D) our seats were changed by us 　　42) After synthetic____, engineers had a better choice of material. 　　A) created 　　 B) has created 　　C) has been created 　　D) had been created 　　43) I think much attention ____your pronunciation. 　　A) must be paid to 　　B) ought to be paid to 　　C) must pay to 　　D) should be paid to 　　44) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold. 　　A) have taken 　　 B) have been taken 　　C) have been taking 　　D) have been taking 　　45) I don't remember ____the chance to try this method. 　　A)having been given 　　B) to have been given 　　C)having given 　　D) to have given 　　46) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____. 　　A) know 　　B) be known　　C) being known 　　D) to be known 　　47) The construction of the laboratory ____by the end of next month. 　　A) must be completed 　　B) must have been completed 　　C) will be completing 　　D) will have been completing 　　48) They would tell how the African ____on a ship to an American port. 　　A) was brought 　　 B) could have been brought 　　C) had been brought 　　D) was to be brought 　　49) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter. 　　A) is belonged to 　　B) belonged　　C) belongs 　　D) is belonging 　　50) Negotiation ____again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then. 　　A) is to be opened 　　 B) is on the point of opening 　　C) is going to open 　　D) opens 　　51) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet. 　　A) has not explained 　　B) has not been explained 　　C) did not explained 　　D) were not explained 　　52) Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. 　　A) were conducting 　　 B)were conducted 　　C) had been conducted 　　D) had conducted 　 53) When he turned the corner, he found himself ____by a man in black. 　　A) tailed 　　B) been tailed　　C) was tailed　　D) had been tailed 　　54) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination ____at this moment. 　　A) is interviewing 　 　B) being interviewed 　　C) is being interviewed 　　D) interviewing 　　55) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house. 　　A) building 　　B) build 　　C) built 　　D) to build 　　56) As we know, all the regulations in school ____. 　　A) must keep to 　　B) must be kept 　　C) must keep 　　D) must be kept up 　　57) The composition ____any more. 　　A) need not to be corrected 　　 B) doesn't need to be corrected 　　C) doesn't need be corrected 　　D) need not correct 　　58) The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday 　　A) to be robbed 　　B) to have keen robbed 　　C) robbed 　　D)having been robbed 　　59) Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there. 　　A) will have sold 　　B) will sell 　　C) have sold 　　D) will have been sold 　　60) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it ____. 　　A) was damaged 　　B) should be damaged 　　C) damaged 　　D) would be damaged 【试题】 1—5　ACADC 　　6—10　BCBDA 11—15　CBCAD 　　16—20　DCCDB 21—25　CAACD 　　26—30　DCBBB 31—35　DCDBB 　　36—40　CAABB 41—45　CDACA 　　46—50　CACCA 51—55　BCACA 　　56—60　BBBDB 英语被动语态讲解及练习 一、被动语态的含义       　英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”       二、被动语态的结构       　那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）：       　His bicycle was stolen.       　The building has been built in 2000.       　通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：       　　　　　be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)       三、被动语态的运用       　什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：       　（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：       　Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。）       　The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。）       　He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。）       　Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。）       　（2） 需要强调动作的对象时。例如：       　Calculator can't be used in the maths exam. （计算器不能用于数学考试。）       　Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的籍和报纸不准带走。）       　He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。）       　（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：       　The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。）      　       四、各种时态的被动语态举例       　一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：       1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词       Our classroom is cleaned every day.       This car is made in China.       2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词       His desk was cleaned just now.       The station was built in 1928.       3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词       A new factory is being built in our city now.       Some trees are being cut down in the park.       4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词       A new factory was being built in our city at that time.       Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.       5、一般将来时的被动语态:       (A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词       (B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.       Some new factories will be built in our city this year.       Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.       6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.       She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.       He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.       7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词       Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.       Your watch has been mended already.       8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词       He said that some new factories had been built in the city.       I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .       9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done       　例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.       五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态       1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。       例1.       主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.       被动语态：英语被说。　English is spoken in many countries..       例2.       主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.       被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.       2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。       例1.       主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.       被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.       例2.       主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.       被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.       例3.       主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.       被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.       被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.      被动语态复习 ABC A．熟记结构 被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为： 一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p． 一般过去时：was／were＋p．p． 一般将来时：shall ／will be ＋p．p． 现在完成时：have ／has been ＋p．p． 现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p． 过去将来时：should ／would be ＋p．p． 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如： ① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people． A．speak B．is speaking C．speaks D．is spoken （② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school． A．were told B．is telling C．was told D．tells ③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China． A．must B．must be C．has D．have B．明确用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 2．强调动作的承受者。例如： 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 The tree ______ ______ by that boy． （C．熟练转换 1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本为： ①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； ②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态； ③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。 2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如： ① You must throw the broken pottery away at once． The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句） （② Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态） Where ______ vegetables ______ ？ D．注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况： 1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： ①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； ②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： ① He told us a story．（变被动语态） →We were told a story（by him）．或：A story was told to us by him． ② Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态） A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother． 2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： ① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library． A．take away B．taken away C．are taken away D．be taken away ② She will take good care of the chi