爱爱医资源-尿失禁

尿失禁-Stress Incontinence in Women 尿失禁-Stress女性尿失禁 Understanding urine and the bladder 了解尿及膀胱 The kidneys make urine all the time. A trickle of urine is constantly passing to the bladder down the ureters (the tubes from the kidneys to the bladder). You make different amounts of urine depending on how much you drink, eat and sweat. 肾脏使尿液。一股尿不断通过输尿管膀胱下(管子从肾脏膀胱)。你让不同数目的尿液,视乎有多少你喝酒,吃与汗水。 The bladder is made of muscle and stores the urine. It expands like a balloon as it fills with urine. The outlet for urine (the urethra) is normally kept closed. This is helped by the muscles beneath the bladder that sweep around the urethra (the pelvic floor muscles). When a certain amount of urine is in the bladder, you become aware that the bladder is getting full. When you go to the toilet to pass urine, the bladder muscle contracts (squeezes), and the urethra and pelvic floor muscles relax. 膀胱是肌肉组织和商店尿。它不仅像个气球,因为它充满了尿液。出口为尿(尿道)通常被保持关闭。这是在帮助肌肉的膀胱尿道周围扫(盆底肌肉)。当一定量的尿膀胱,你觉知到膀胱变得充实。当你去厕所排尿,膀胱肌肉收缩(过),盆底肌肉尿道和放松。 Complex nerve messages are sent between the brain, the bladder, and the pelvic floor muscles. These tell you how full your bladder is, and tell the right muscles to contract or relax at the right time. 复杂的神经信息之间发送的大脑,膀胱,盆底肌肉。这告诉你你的膀胱是多满,告诉正确的肌肉收缩和放松在那正确的时间。 What is stress incontinence? 压力性尿失禁是什么? Stress incontinence is when urine leaks when there is a sudden extra pressure ('stress') on the bladder. Urine leaks because your pelvic floor muscles and urethra cannot withstand the extra pressure. (The diagram below shows how the pelvic floor muscles support the bladder and nearby structures.) The incontinence develops because the pelvic floor muscles are weakened. Small amounts of urine may leak, but sometimes it can be quite a lot. 压力性尿失禁尿漏时当有一个突然的额外的压力(“压力”)在膀胱上。因为你尿漏盆底肌肉和尿道不能承受更大压力。(下面的图表说明盆底支持膀胱肌肉和附近的结构。)尿失禁的发展由于盆底肌肉会被削弱。少量的尿可以泄漏,但有时也会很多。 Urine tends to leak most when you cough, laugh, or when you exercise (like when you jump or run). In these situations there is sudden extra pressure within the abdomen and on the bladder. 漏尿倾向最你咳嗽时,大笑,或当你锻炼的时候(就像当你跳或运行)。在这种情况下突然在腹部和额外的压力在膀胱上。 How common is stress incontinence? 压力性尿失禁的共同点是吗? Stress incontinence is the most common form of urinary incontinence. It is estimated that about three million people in the UK are regularly incontinent. Overall this is about 4 in 100 adults, and well over half of these are due to stress incontinence. Stress incontinence becomes more common in older women and as many as 1 in 5 women over the age of 40 have some degree of stress incontinence. 压力性尿失禁是最常见的性尿失禁。据估计,大约有三百万人在英国经常尿失禁。总的来说,这是近4 100年成年人,超过一半的这些都是由于应力尿失禁。压力性尿失禁在老年女性变得越来越普遍,多达的家长超过40岁的女性某种程度的压力性尿失禁。 The second most common type of incontinence is urge incontinence which is dealt with in a separate leaflet. Briefly, urge incontinence is when you get an urgent desire to pass urine from an 'overactive bladder'. Urine may leak before you have time to get to the toilet. Treatment is different to stress incontinence. Some people have both stress incontinence and urge incontinence.医学.全在线www.med126.com 第二个最常见的一种冲动,尿失禁尿失禁处理在一个单独的传单。简单地说,敦促尿失禁当你得到一次的迫切愿望通过尿液从一个“膀胱过动症”。尿可以泄漏之前,您有时间去上厕所去了。压力性尿失禁治疗是不同的。有些人都敦促incontinence.医学.全在线www.med126.com压力性尿失禁 There are other less common causes of incontinence. Note: you should always see your doctor if you develop incontinence. There are different causes of incontinence, and each cause has different treatments. Your doctor will assess you to determine the cause and advise on possible treatment options. See separate leaflet called 'Urinary Incontinence' for a general overview. The rest of this leaflet is only about stress incontinence in women. 有其他较常见的原因不能自制。注:你应该看医生如果你培养大小便失禁。尿失禁有不同的原因,每个原因都有不同的治疗方法。你的医生将会评估你决定的原因,建议可能的治疗选择。看到分开的传单被称为“性尿失禁的一个普遍的总体看法。这本小册子里剩下的只有女性压力性尿失禁。 What causes stress incontinence? 压力性尿失禁的原因是什么? Most cases of stress incontinence are due to weakened pelvic floor muscles. The common reason for the pelvic floor muscles to become weakened is childbirth. The pelvic floor muscles are a group of muscles that wrap around the underside of the bladder and rectum. Stress incontinence is common in women who have had children. It is also more common with increasing age as the muscles become weaker, particularly after the menopause. Stress incontinence is also more common in women who are obese. 大多数情况下,压力性尿失禁是由于削弱盆底肌肉。常见的原因变得虚弱盆底肌肉是难产。这个盆底肌肉是一组肌肉,披下方的膀胱和直肠。女性压力性尿失禁是常见的有孩子。它是随着年龄的增长,也更常见的肌肉变得越弱,特别是在更年期。压力性尿失禁更常见的妇女也是肥胖。 What are the treatment options for stress incontinence? 有什么治疗压力性尿失禁可供选择? The usual first treatment is to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. About 6 in 10 cases of stress incontinence can be cured or much improved with this treatment. Medication may be advised in addition to pelvic floor exercises in some cases. Surgery may be advised if the problem persists and other treatments have not worked well. 一般初次治疗是加强盆底肌肉。约六10例压力性尿失禁的可以治愈或大大改善接受治疗。药物可以被告知除了骨盆体操在某些情况下。手术后可能被告知如果问依然存在,以及其他的治疗方法没有很好。” Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles - 'pelvic floor exercises' 加强盆底肌肉-盆底运动” It is important that you exercise the correct muscles. Your doctor may refer you to a continence advisor or physiotherapist for advice on the exercises. The sort of exercises are as follows. 您是非常重要的,正确的肌肉锻炼。你的医生可能会把你转介给一名顾问或物理治疗师的可控性求教的练习。这样的练习是如下。 Learning to exercise the right muscles: 学习如何行使权利的肌肉: Sit in a chair with your knees slightly apart. Imagine you are trying to stop wind escaping from your anus (back passage). You will have to squeeze the muscle just above the entrance to the anus. You should feel some movement in the muscle. Don't move your buttocks or legs. 你坐在椅子上,膝盖稍微分开。想像你正在试图阻止风逃离肛门(背部通道)。你要把肌肉的入口上方肛门。你应该感到一些运动的肌肉。不移动你的臀部和腿。 Now imagine you are passing urine and are trying to stop the stream. You will find yourself using slightly different parts of the pelvic floor muscles to the first exercise (ones nearer the front). These are the ones to strengthen. If you are not sure that you are exercising the right muscles, put a couple of fingers into your vagina. You should feel a gentle squeeze when doing the exercise. 现在,想象你正通过尿液,正在努力尝试去制止流。你会发现自己用稍微不同的地区的第一盆底肌肉运动(离前面的)。这种女人的增强。如果你不确定你是在行使权利的肌肉,放一些手指进你的阴道。你应该感到一种柔和的挤压无论做什么运动。 Doing the exercises: 练习: You need to do the exercises every day. 你需要每天锻炼。 Sit, stand or lie with your knees slightly apart. Slowly tighten your pelvic floor muscles under the bladder as hard as you can. Hold to the count of five, then relax. Repeat at least five times. These are called slow pull-ups. 坐、站或躺在你的膝盖稍微分开。慢慢勒紧盆底肌肉在膀胱尽力。坚持数到五个,然后放松。重复至少五次。这些被称为慢引体向上。 Then do the same exercise quickly for a second or two. Repeat at least five times. These are called fast pull-ups. 然后迅速做同样的练习一两秒钟。重复至少五次。这些被称为快速引体向上。 Keep repeating the five slow pull ups and the five fast pull ups for five minutes. 不断地重复五慢拉ups和五个快速拉ups五分钟。 Aim to do the above exercises for about five minutes at least three times a day, and preferably 6-10 times a day. 致力于做上述练习了大约五分钟至少一天三次,最好是六至十倍的一天。 Ideally, do each five minute bout of exercise in a different position each time. That is, sometimes when sitting, sometimes when standing, and sometimes when lying down. 如果理想的话,每一个五分钟的运动比赛用不同的姿势,每次。那是,有时坐着,有时当站立着,有时当躺卧。 As the muscles become stronger, increase the length of time you hold each slow pull-up. You are doing well if you can hold each slow pull-up for a count of 10 (about 10 seconds). 肌肉变得更强大,增加你的时间长度缓慢拉各执一份。你做的很好,如果你能保持每一慢拉等我数到10(约10秒)。 Do not squeeze other muscles at the same time as you squeeze your pelvic floor muscles. For example, do not use any muscles in your back, thighs, buttocks, or stomach. 不要挤其他肌肉的同时,你把你盆底肌肉。例如,不要使用任何肌肉在你的背部、大腿、臀部、胃部。 In addition to the times you set aside to do the exercises, try to get into the habit of doing pelvic floor exercises whilst going about everyday life. For example, when answering the phone, when washing up, etc. 除了次你留出做练习,试着习惯做骨盆体操而去到每天的生活。例如,在接电话时,当洗餐具等。 After several weeks the muscles will start to feel stronger. You may find you can squeeze the pelvic floor muscles for much longer without the muscles feeling tired. 几周后的肌肉就会开始让你感到更强。你可能会发现你可以把盆底肌肉久没有肌肉感到累了。 It takes time, effort and practice to become good at these exercises. You should start to see benefits after a few weeks. However, it often takes 8-20 weeks for most improvement to occur. After this time you may be cured from stress incontinence. If you are not sure that you are doing the correct exercises, ask a doctor, physiotherapist or continence advisor for advice. 它需要时间、精力和实践,成为擅长这些练习。你应该开始见到效益几个星期。然而,这往往需要改进8-20周对于大多数发生。在这一次你可能被治愈,从应力尿失禁。如果你不确定你做的是正确的练习,问医生,物理治疗师或顾问的建议。可控性 If possible, continue exercising as a part of everyday life for the rest of your life to stop the problem recurring. Once incontinence has gone, you may only need to do 1-2 five minute bouts of exercise each day to keep the pelvic floor muscles strong and toned up, and incontinence away. 如果可能的话,继续行使作为日常生活的一部分中度过你的余生来阻止这个问题再出现这种情况。一旦失禁已经失去时,你可能只需要去做1 - 2五分钟一阵阵的每日锻炼保持盆底肌肉结实、滋润,尿失禁掉了。 Sometimes a continence advisor or physiotherapist will advise extra methods. These are in addition to the above exercises. For example: 有时顾问或物理治疗师的可控性将通知额外的方法。这是除了上述练习。例如: Electrical stimulation. Sometimes a special electrical device is used to stimulate the pelvic floor muscles with the aim of making them contract and become stronger. 电刺激。有时一个特殊的电气设备被用来刺激盆底肌肉,目的是使他们合同,变得更强大。 Biofeedback. This is a technique to help you to make sure that you are exercising the correct muscles. For this, a physiotherapist or continence advisor inserts a small device into your vagina when you are doing pelvic floor exercises. When you squeeze the right muscles, the device makes a noise (or some other signal such as a display on a computer screen) to let you know that you are squeezing the correct muscles. 生物反馈。这是一个技术来帮助你确保你做体育运动的时候正确的肌肉。为此,一位物理治疗师或插入一个小装置的可控性顾问到你的阴道当你正在做盆底锻炼。当你把正确的肌肉,设备有声音(或一些其它信号如显示在计算机屏幕上)让你知道你是挤压正确的肌肉。 Vaginal cones. These are small plastic cones that you put inside your vagina for about 15 minutes, twice a day. The cones come in a set of different weights. At first, the lightest cone is used. You need to use your pelvic floor muscles to hold the cone in place. So, it is a way to help you to exercise your pelvic floor muscles. Once you can hold onto the lightest one comfortably, you move up to the next weight, and so on. 阴道球果。这些都是小塑料锥,你把你的阴道内大约15分钟,一天两次。进来一套按照锥体不同的权重。首先,最轻的锥使用。你需要使用你的盆底肌肉持锥的地方。因此,这是一种方法来帮助你行使你盆底肌肉。一旦你能抓住最轻的一个舒适,你向上移动到下一个重量,等等。 Other devices. There are various other devices that are sold to help with pelvic floor exercises. Basically, they all rely on placing the device inside the vagina with the aim of helping the pelvic muscles to exercise and squeeze. There is little research evidence to show how well these devices work. It is best to get the advice from a continence advisor or physiotherapist before using any. One general point is that if you use one, it should be in addition to, not instead of, the standard pelvic floor exercises described above. 其他装置。有各种各样的其他装置,销往帮助盆底锻炼。基本上,他们都依靠把机内的阴道为协助骨盆肌肉的锻炼和挤压。很少有研究的证据显示这些设备的工作。这是最好的得到的忠告顾问或物理治疗师使用前的可控性。一个普遍的观点是,如果你使用一个,它应该此外,不是的,盆底锻炼前述。 Medication 药物 Duloxetine is a medicine that is usually used to treat depression. However, it was found to help with stress incontinence separate to it's effect on depression. It is thought to work by interfering with certain chemicals that are used in transmitting nerve impulses to muscles. This helps the muscles around the urethra to contract more strongly. 度洛西汀是一种药,通常是用来治疗抑郁症。然而,人们发现它帮助压力性尿失禁的独立影响抑郁症。它是通过干扰思想工作的某些化学物质用于传递神经冲动的肌肉。这可以帮助尿道周围的肌肉收缩更强烈。 One study showed that in about 6 in 10 women who took duloxetine, the number of urine 'leakages' were halved compared to the time before they took the medication. Therefore, on it's own, duloxetine is not likely to cure the incontinence but may help to make it less of a problem. However, duloxetine in addition to pelvic floor exercises may give a better chance of curing the incontinence than either treatment alone. 一项研究表明,在大约6度洛西汀在10的妇女相比较那些服用,一定数量的尿液的泄露的一半的时间都比之前,他们把药物。因此,在它自己的,不可能度洛西汀治疗尿失禁但可以帮助使它不再是个问题。然而,度洛西汀除了盆底锻炼可能会给一个更好的机会比任何救治的尿失禁治疗孤独。 If you are past the menopause and take hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the oestrogen in the HRT affects the tissues around the vagina and urethra. This helps to improve the symptoms of stress incontinence in some women. However, HRT is not as effective as pelvic floor exercises in curing the problem. 如果你过去的绝经期和采取激素替代疗法(HRT)、雌激素影响组织激素替代疗法在阴道和尿道。这有助于改善症状中几个主要的女性压力性尿失禁。然而,性激素替代治疗是效果不如盆底锻炼治疗问题。 Surgery 手术 Various surgical operations are used to treat stress incontinence. They tend only to be used when the above treatments have not helped. The operations aim to 'tighten' or support the muscles and structures below the bladder. Surgery is often successful. 各种各样的外科手术是用来治疗压力性尿失禁。他们往往只被用来当上述治疗并没有帮助。作业旨在“紧缩”或支持下面的肌肉和结构的膀胱。手术通常是成功的。 Some general lifestyle measures which may help 一些大众生活方式的可能会有帮助 Your GP may refer you to the local continence adviser. Continence advisors can give advice on treatments, especially pelvic floor exercises. If incontinence remains a problem, they can also give lots of advice on how to manage. For example, they may be able to supply various appliances and aids to help such as incontinence pads, etc. 请向你的医师当地的可控性顾问。顾问可以给建议的可控性治疗,尤其是盆底锻炼。如果尿失禁仍然是一个问题,他们也可以给大量的建议如何管理。例如,他们可以供应各种电器,艾滋病,帮助如尿失禁垫等。 Getting to the toilet. Make this as easy as possible. If you have difficulty getting about, consider special adaptations like a handrail or a raised seat in your toilet. Sometimes a commode in the bedroom makes life much easier. 去厕所。使这个越简单越好。如果你有困难,考虑特殊抵抗像扶手或提高你的座位上厕所。有时一个马桶在卧室里让生活更简单。 Obesity. It is known that stress incontinence is more common in women who are obese. If you are obese, losing weight may help to ease the problem. 肥胖。众所周知,压力性尿失禁的女性更为普遍存在肥胖问题。如果你是肥胖、减肥可以帮助缓解这个问题。 Smoking can cause cough which can aggravate symptoms. It would help not to smoke. 吸烟会引起咳嗽可以加重症状。它将有助于不要吸烟。 Can stress incontinence be prevented? 压力性尿失禁是可以预防吗? It is thought that if you do regular pelvic floor exercises (as described above) after you have a baby, then stress incontinence is less likely to develop in the future. 人们认为,如果你做常规盆底锻炼(如上所述)后,你有一个婴儿的时候,就会降低压力性尿失禁的发展前景。