TL2008计算机科学与技术 (1)

㒱ᆚƾਃ⫼ࠡ� 2008ᑈৠㄝᄺ࡯Ҏਬ⬇䇋⸩຿ᄺԡ ᄺ⾥㓐ড়∈ᑇܼ೑㒳ϔ㗗䆩 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ϔ䚼ߚ��᭄ᄺ෎⸔䇒⿟� ㄀Ѡ䚼ߚ��ϧϮⶹ䆚䇒⿟� ĉ�䅵ㅫᴎ㋏㒳㒧ᵘ� Ċ�䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰� ċ�䕃ӊᎹ⿟� Č�ҎᎹᱎ㛑ॳ⧚� č�䅵ㅫᴎ೒ᔶᄺ� � 㗗⫳乏ⶹ� 1. ᴀ䆩ो⒵ߚЎ 100 ߚˈࣙᣀ᭄ᄺ෎⸔䇒⿟੠ϧϮⶹ䆚䇒⿟ϸ䚼ߚDŽ᭄ᄺ෎⸔䇒⿟⒵ߚ 40 ߚˈ↣ԡ㗗⫳ᖙㄨ˗ϧϮⶹ䆚䇒⿟ࣙᣀѨ䮼䇒⿟ˈ↣䮼䇒⿟⒵ߚ 30ߚˈ㗗⫳乏ҢЁӏ䗝 2䮼԰ㄨˈ໮䗝㗙াᣝࠡ䗝䇒⿟䅵ߚDŽ 2. 䇋㗗⫳ࡵᖙᇚᴀҎޚ㗗䆕ো᳔ৢϸԡ᭄ᄫ฿ݭ೼ᴀ义েϞ㾦ᮍḚݙDŽ 3. 㗗⫳ϔᕟ⫼㪱㡆៪咥㡆๼∈ヨ೼ㄨ乬㒌ᣛᅮԡ㕂Ϟᣝ㾘ᅮ㽕∖԰ㄨˈ᳾خ೼ᣛᅮԡ㕂Ϟ ⱘㄨḜϔᕟ᮴ᬜDŽ 4. ⲥ㗗ਬᬊोᯊˈ㗗⫳乏䜡ড়ⲥ㗗ਬ偠ᬊˈᑊ䇋ⲥ㗗ਬ೼ޚ㗗䆕Ϟㅒᄫ˄԰Ў㗗⫳Ѹोⱘ ߁᥂ DŽ˅৺߭ˈ㢹থ⫳ㄨो䘫༅ˈ䋷ӏ⬅㗗⫳㞾䋳DŽ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 1义 ݅ 10义 ㄀ϔ䚼ߚ��᭄ᄺ෎⸔䇒⿟� ˄݅ 40ߚ˅ ϔǃ⫼䘏䕥ヺোᔶᓣ࣪ϟ߫䇁হ˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 2ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 4ߚ˅ 1ˊ↣ϾҎⱘᣛ㒍䛑ϡⳌৠDŽ 2ˊ㞾✊᭄ϡᰃ༛᭄ህᰃي᭄ˈϨ༛᭄ϡ㛑㹿 2ᭈ䰸DŽ Ѡǃ฿ぎ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 4ᇣ乬ˈ㄀ 1ᇣ乬↣ぎ 1ߚˈ㄀ 2ǃ3ǃ4ᇣ乬↣ぎ 2ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊ䆒 AǃBഛЎ᳝か䲚ড়ˈA੠ Bⱘ෎᭄ߚ߿ᰃ m੠ n˄m >0, n >0˅DŽ ˄1˅ᔧ m੠ n⒵䎇 ᯊˈᄬ೼Ң Aࠄ Bⱘঠᇘߑ᭄DŽ ℸᯊ݅ৃ⫳៤ Ͼϡৠⱘঠᇘߑ᭄DŽ ˄2˅ᔧ m੠ n⒵䎇 ᯊˈᄬ೼Ң Aࠄ Bⱘऩᇘߑ᭄DŽ ℸᯊ݅ৃ⫳៤ Ͼϡৠⱘऩᇘߑ᭄DŽ 2ˊᏆⶹ 5ԡ㗕Ꮬ੠ 3ԡᄺ⫳ೈ೚Ḡህᑻˈབᵰ㽕∖ᄺ⫳ϸϸϡⳌ䚏ˈ᳝߭ ⾡ህᑻᮍ ḜDŽ 3ˊᭈ䰸 2310ⱘℷ༛᭄᳝ ϾDŽ 4ˊ䆒೒ ⱘ乊⚍䲚ড়ЎV G ˈ䖍䲚ড়Ў DŽ߭G ⱘ⫳៤᳝ᷥ G 1 2 3 4( ) { , , , }v v v v }1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 3( ) { , , , ,E G v v v v v v v v v v ỉDŽ ϝǃ㾷ㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ㄀ 1ǃ2ᇣ乬↣乬 4ߚˈ㄀ 3ᇣ乬 8ߚˈ݅ 16ߚ˅ 1ˊ䆒 PĻQ = ™(PĢQ)ˈҙ⫼㘨㒧䆡Ļߚ߿㸼⼎ߎ™PˈPġQˈPĢQDŽ 2ˊ䆒T ᰃϔỉ᳝ 13 Ͼ乊⚍ⱘᷥˈ⿄ᷥЁᑺЎ 1 ⱘ乊⚍Ў৊ᄤDŽབᵰT ⱘ乊⚍ⱘᑺাৃ㛑ᰃ 1,2,5ϨT ᙄད᳝ 3ϾᑺЎ 2ⱘ乊⚍ˈ䙷МˈTЁ᳝໮ᇥϾ৊ᄤ˛ 3ˊ∖ 1,4,5,8,9䖭ѨϾ᭄ᄫ㒘៤ⱘ ԡ᭄ⱘϾ᭄ˈ㽕∖ 4,8ߎ⦄ⱘ⃵᭄ഛЎي᭄ˈ㗠 1,5,9ߎ⦄ ⱘ⃵᭄ϡࡴ䰤ࠊDŽ n ಯǃ䆕ᯢ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 2ᇣ乬ˈ㄀ 1ᇣ乬 4ߚˈ㄀ 2ᇣ乬 6ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊ䆒 Rᰃ䴲ぎ䲚ড় AϞⱘѠܗ݇㋏ˈR⒵䎇ᴵӊ˖ ˄1˅Rᰃ㞾ডⱘ˗ ˄2˅㢹ęRġęRˈ߭ęR˗ 䆩䆕ᯢ Rᰃ AϞⱘㄝӋ݇㋏DŽ 2ˊ䱣ᛣഄᡞϔϾ9 ẟⲬⱘ↣ϾᮍḐ⍖៤㑶㡆៪㪱㡆ˈ∖䆕˖ᖙ᳝ϸ㸠ᮍḐⱘ⍖㡆ᰃϔḋⱘDŽ3u 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 2义 ݅ 10义 ㄀Ѡ䚼ߚ��ϧϮⶹ䆚䇒⿟� ĉˊ䅵ㅫᴎ㋏㒳㒧ᵘ� ˄݅ 30ߚ˅ ϔǃ฿ぎ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 2ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 4ߚ˅ 1ˊ⫼ϟ䴶ϝᴵᣛҸৃҹᅠ៤৥䞣㸼䖒ᓣ D=A×(B+C)ⱘ䖤ㅫDŽ؛䆒৥䞣䭓ᑺ N<64ԡˈϨ৥䞣 B੠ CᏆ㒣ᄬѢ V0੠ V1ˈ䇏ݭ᪡԰৘䳔㽕ᯊ䯈 1ᢡDŽ V3ĕA (6ᢡ) V2ĸV0+V1 (6ᢡ) V4ĸV2×V3 (7ᢡ) 㢹䖭ϝᴵᣛҸІ㸠ᠻ㸠߭䳔㽕ⱘᯊ䯈Ў ᢡˈᔧ䞛⫼䫒᥹ᡔᴃৢ᠔䳔ᯊ 䯈Ў ᢡDŽ 2ˊ᳝㓪োЎ 0,1,2,…,31 ݅ 32 Ͼ໘⧚ᴎ˄㒧⚍˅ˈ 䞛⫼⿏᭄ߑ᭄ᵘ៤Ѧ䖲㔥ˈ߭㔥㒰Ⳉᕘ Ў ˈ㒧⚍ᑺЎ DŽ Ѡǃ䯂ㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 6ߚ˅ ϔৄ䅵ㅫᴎҹᄫЎऩԡ䆓䯂ᄬټ఼DŽ݊ Џᄬ݅ࣙ৿ 4096Ͼᄬټഫ ↣ˈϾᄬټഫ໻ᇣЎ 128 ϾᄫDŽ䞛⫼㒘Ⳍ㘨᯴ڣᮍᓣⱘ Cache⬅ 64Ͼᄬټഫᵘ៤ˈ↣㒘ࣙ৿ 4ϾᄬټഫDŽ 1ˊ䯂Џᄬഄഔ䳔㽕⫼໮ᇥԡ㸼⼎˛ 2ˊ䯂 Cacheഄഔ䳔㽕⫼໮ᇥԡ㸼⼎˛ 3ˊ䅵ㅫЏᄬഄഔḐᓣЁˈऎোǃ㒘োǃഫো੠ഫݙഄഔᄫ↉ⱘԡ᭄DŽ ϝǃ䆒䅵乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ ϔᴵ݋᳝ 3Ͼࡳ㛑↉䴲㒓ᗻ⌕∈㒓ⱘ乘㑺㸼བϟ᠔⼎DŽ 1ˊݭߎᇍᑨⱘ⽕ℶ䲚ড়੠߱ྟކさ৥䞣˗ 2ˊ⬏ߎ⌕∈㒓䇗ᑺⱘ⢊ᗕ䕀⿏೒˗ 3ˊ∖᳔ᇣਃࡼᕾ⦃੠᳔ᇣᑇഛਃࡼ䎱⾏˗ 4ˊ⬏ߎ⌕∈㒓৘ࡳ㛑↉П䯈ⱘ䖲᥹೒˗ 5ˊ䗮䖛ᦦܹ䴲䅵ㅫᓊ䖳ऩܗ˄乘⬭ㅫ⊩˅ˈ ਼ᳳ 1 2 3 4 5 6↉ ৃҹᅲ⦄䆹⌕∈㒓ⱘ᳔Ӭ䇗ᑺDŽ؛䆒⌕ S1 X X X ∈㒓ⱘᯊ䩳਼ᳳ´=20nsˈ⌕∈㒓᳔໻ S2 X X ৃ㛑ⱘ৲৤⥛ TP˙˛ S3 X 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 3义 ݅ 10义 ಯǃ䅵ㅫ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 4ᇣ乬ˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ ೼ϔৄ↣Ͼᯊ䩳਼ᳳথᇘϸᴵᣛҸⱘ䍙ᷛ䞣໘⧚ᴎϞ䖤㸠ϟ䴶ϔ↉⿟ᑣDŽ᠔᳝ᣛҸ䛑㽕 㒣䖛ĀপᣛҸāǃĀ䆥ⷕāǃĀᠻ㸠ā੠Āݭ㒧ᵰā4 Ͼ䰊↉ˈ݊Ё ĀˈপᣛҸāǃĀ䆥ⷕā੠Āݭ 㒧ᵰāϝϾ䰊↉৘ЎϔϾ⌕∈↉ˈ݊ ᓊ䖳ᯊ䯈䛑Ў 10nsDŽ೼Āᠻ㸠ā䰊↉ LˈOAD᪡԰੠ AND ᪡԰৘䳔㽕ᓊ䖳 10nsˈADD᪡԰䳔㽕ᓊ䖳 20nsˈMUL᪡԰䳔㽕ᓊ䖳 30nsˈಯ⾡᪡԰䚼ӊ৘ 䆒㕂ϔϾDŽADD䚼ӊ੠MUL䚼ӊ䛑䞛⫼⌕∈㒓㒧ᵘˈ↣ϔ㑻⌕∈㒓ⱘᓊ䖳ᯊ䯈䛑Ў 10nsDŽ ⿟ᑣ˖ n+1 ˖LOAD R0, A ˗R0ĸЏᄬ(A)ऩܗ n+2 ˖ADD R1, R0 ˗R1ĸ˄R1˅ˇ˄R0˅ n+3 ˖LOAD R2, B ˗R2ĸЏᄬ(B)ऩܗ n+4 ˖MUL R3, R4 ˗R3ĸ˄R3˅×˄R4˅ n+5 ˖AND R4, R5 ˗R4ĸ˄R4˅ġ˄R5˅ n+6 ˖ADD R2, R5 ˗R2ĸ˄R2˅ˇ˄R5˅ 1ˊ˄ 4ߚ˅߫ߎ䖭Ͼ⿟ᑣЁ᠔᳝ⱘ᭄᥂Ⳍ݇ˈࣙᣀܜݭৢ䇏᭄᥂Ⳍ݇˄RAW ǃ˅ܜ䇏ৢݭ᭄᥂ Ⳍ݇˄WAR˅੠ܜݭৢݭ᭄᥂Ⳍ݇˄WAW˅˗ 2ˊ˄ 2ߚ˅བᵰ᠔᳝䖤ㅫൟᣛҸ䛑೼Ā䆥ⷕā⌕∈↉䇏ᆘᄬ఼ˈ೼Āݭ㒧ᵰā⌕∈↉ݭᆘᄬ఼ˈ 䞛⫼乎ᑣথᇘ乎ᑣᅠ៤䇗ᑺᮍ⊩DŽ⬏ߎ⌕∈㒓ⱘᯊぎ೒ ᑊˈ䅵ㅫᠻ㸠䖭↉⿟ᑣ᠔⫼ⱘᯊ䯈˗ 3ˊ˄ 2ߚ˅བᵰ᠔᳝䖤ㅫൟᣛҸ䛑೼Ā䆥ⷕā⌕∈↉䇏ᆘᄬ఼ˈ೼Āݭ㒧ᵰā⌕∈↉ݭᆘᄬ఼ˈ 䞛⫼乎ᑣথᇘхᑣᅠ៤䇗ᑺᮍ⊩DŽ⬏ߎ⌕∈㒓ⱘᯊぎ೒ ᑊˈ䅵ㅫᠻ㸠䖭↉⿟ᑣ᠔⫼ⱘᯊ䯈˗ 4ˊ˄ 2ߚ˅བᵰ↣Ͼ᪡԰䚼ӊⱘ䕧ߎッ䛑᳝Ⳉ᥹᭄᥂䗮䏃Ϣ䕧ܹッⳌ䖲ˈ䞛⫼乎ᑣথᇘхᑣᅠ ៤䇗ᑺᮍ⊩DŽ⬏ߎ⌕∈㒓ⱘᯊぎ೒ˈᑊ䅵ㅫᠻ㸠䖭↉⿟ᑣ᠔⫼ⱘᯊ䯈DŽ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 4义 ݅ 10义 Ċˊ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰� ˄݅ 30ߚ˅� ϔǃऩ乍䗝ᢽ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 10ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 1ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊϟ䴶ᇍ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰ԧ㋏㒧ᵘЁण䆂᠔خⱘᦣ䗄ˈ˄ ˅ᰃ䫭䇃ˊˊⱘDŽ Aˊ㔥㒰ण䆂ⱘϝ㽕㋴ᰃ䇁⊩ǃ䇁Н੠ৠℹ Bˊण䆂ᰃ᥻ࠊϸϾᇍㄝሖᅲԧП䯈䗮ֵⱘ㾘߭ⱘ䲚ড় Cˊ೼ OSIখ㗗῵ൟЁˈ㽕ᅲ⦄㄀ Nሖⱘण䆂ˈ䳔㽕Փ⫼ Nˇ1ሖᦤկⱘ᳡ࡵ Dˊण䆂㾘ᅮњᇍㄝሖᅲԧП䯈᠔ѸᤶⱘֵᙃⱘḐᓣ੠৿Н 2ˊ㢹᭄᥂䫒䏃ሖ䞛⫼ಲ䗔 N˄go-back-N˅⒥ࡼにষण䆂ˈথ䗕ᏻⱘᑣো⫼ 7bit㸼⼎ˈথ䗕に ষⱘ᳔໻ؐЎ˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ7 Bˊ64 Cˊ127 Dˊ128 3ˊҹ໾㔥Ё䞛⫼Ѡ䖯ࠊᣛ᭄ৢ䗔ㅫ⊩໘⧚থ䗕ކさ䯂乬ˈϟ᭄߫᥂ᏻЁ䞡Ӵᯊݡ⃵থ⫳ކさ ὖ⥛᳔Ԣⱘᰃ˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ佪⃵䞡Ӵⱘᏻ Bˊথ⫳ϸ⃵ކさⱘᏻ Cˊথ⫳ϝ⃵ކさⱘᏻ Dˊথ⫳ಯ⃵ކさⱘᏻ 4ˊ䞛⫼Ѡሖҹ໾㔥Ѹᤶᴎᠽሩሔඳ㔥ˈ˄ ˅ᰃ䫭䇃ˊˊⱘDŽ AˊѠሖҹ໾㔥Ѹᤶᴎⱘ৘Ͼッষৃҹᬃᣕϡৠⱘ䗳⥛ BˊѠሖҹ໾㔥Ѹᤶᴎৃҹ䱨⾏ᑓ᪁ᏻ CˊѠሖҹ໾㔥Ѹᤶᴎ䳔㽕ᇍᬊࠄⱘ᭄᥂ᏻ䖯㸠໘⧚ˈ๲ࡴњӴ䕧ᯊᓊ DˊѠሖҹ໾㔥Ѹᤶᴎ೼䕀থᏻᯊϡᬍবᏻⱘ⑤ഄഔ 5ˊ೼䞛⫼˄ ˅ⱘӴ䕧ᮍᓣϟˈ⬅㔥㒰䋳䋷Ꮒ䫭᥻ࠊ੠⌕䞣᥻ࠊˈߚ㒘ᣝ乎ᑣ㹿ѸҬDŽ Aˊ⬉䏃Ѹᤶ Bˊ᡹᭛Ѹᤶ Cˊ㰮⬉䏃ߚ㒘Ѹᤶ Dˊ᭄᥂᡹ߚ㒘Ѹᤶ 6ˊᇍѢ IPߚ㒘ⱘߚ↉੠䞡㒘ˈ˄ ˅ᰃℷ⹂ⱘDŽ AˊIPߚ㒘ৃҹ㹿⑤Џᴎߚ↉ˈᑊ೼Ё䯈䏃⬅఼䖯㸠䞡㒘 BˊIPߚ㒘ৃҹ㹿䏃ᕘЁⱘ䏃⬅఼ߚ↉ˈᑊ೼ⳂⱘЏᴎ䖯㸠䞡㒘 CˊIPߚ㒘ৃҹ㹿䏃ᕘЁⱘ䏃⬅఼ߚ↉ˈᑊ೼Ё䯈䏃⬅఼Ϟ䖯㸠䞡㒘 DˊIPߚ㒘ৃҹ㹿䏃ᕘЁⱘ䏃⬅఼ߚ↉ˈᑊ೼᳔ৢϔ䏇ⱘ䏃⬅఼䖯㸠䞡㒘 7ˊ؛ᅮϔৄЏᴎⱘ IPഄഔᰃ 180.120.74.56ˈᄤ㔥᥽ⷕЎ 255.255.240.0ˈ߭䆹ᄤ㔥ഄഔЎ ˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ180.120.0.0 Bˊ180.120.64.0 Cˊ180.120.72.0 Dˊ180.120.74.0 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 5义 ݅ 10义 8ˊ೼ InternetϞˈЏᴎ䞛⫼˄ ˅ᷛ䆚ˈ䖤㸠೼ЏᴎϞⱘᑨ⫼⿟ᑣ⫼˄ ˅ᷛ䆚DŽ Aˊッষো Џᴎഄഔ BˊЏᴎഄഔ IPഄഔ CˊIPഄഔ Џᴎഄഔ DˊIPഄഔ ッষো 9ˊᔧᅶ᠋ッ䇋∖ඳৡ㾷ᵤᯊˈབᵰᴀഄ DNS ᳡ࡵ఼ϡ㛑ᅠ៤㾷ᵤˈህᡞ䇋∖থ䗕㒭݊ Ҫ᳡ࡵ఼ˈձ⃵䖯㸠ᶹ䆶ˈⳈࠄᡞඳৡ㾷ᵤ㒧ᵰ䖨ಲ㒭䇋∖ⱘᅶ᠋ッDŽ䖭⾡ᮍᓣ⿄Ў ˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ䗁ҷ㾷ᵤ Bˊ䗦ᔦ㾷ᵤ Cˊ䗁ҷϢ䗦ᔦⳌ㒧ড়ⱘ㾷ᵤ Dˊ催䗳㓧ᄬ㾷ᵤ 10ˊ೼ֵᙃᅝܼ乚ඳˈՓ⫼˄ ˅ᮍ⊩ৃҹՓ䗮ֵⱘ᥹ᬊᮍ偠䆕ᬊࠄ᡹᭛ᰃ৺ফࠄㆵᬍ੠ Ӿ䗴DŽ Aˊ᭄ᄫㅒৡ Bˊ᭄᥂ࡴᆚ Cˊ䰆☿๭ Dˊ䑿ӑ䅸䆕 Ѡǃৡ䆡㾷䞞˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 2ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 3ߚˈ݅ 6ߚ˅ 1ˊ㞾⊏㋏㒳 AS˄autonomous system˅� 2ˊ᜶ਃࡼ˄slow start˅� ϝǃ䯂ㄨ੠䅵ㅫ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 4ᇣ乬ˈ݅ 14ߚ˅ 1ˊ˄ 3ߚ˅䆩䇈ᯢҹ໾㔥㾘ᅮⱘ᳔ⷁᏻ䭓ᰃ໮ᇥ˛ЎҔМ㽕䰤ࠊ᳔ⷁᏻ䭓˛ 2ˊ˄ 3ߚ˅䆩䇈ᯢ TCPण䆂ᰃབԩᦤկッࠄッৃ䴴ⱘӴ䕧᳡ࡵⱘ˛ 3ˊ˄4ߚ 㗗˅㰥ϔᴵᏺᆑЎ 1.6Mbpsⱘ䫒䏃 ᕔˈ䖨Ӵ᪁ᯊᓊЎ 45ms ˈ؛䆒᭄᥂ᏻⱘ໻ᇣЎ 1KBDŽ 㢹䞛⫼⒥ࡼにষण䆂ᴹֱ䆕䫒䏃ⱘ߽⫼⥛ˈܕ䆌থ䗕ᮍ೼ᬊࠄᑨㄨПࠡሑ䞣䖲㓁থ䗕໮ᏻDŽ 䙷Мˈ㟇ᇥ䳔㽕໮ᇥԡ԰Ўᑣো˛˄ᗑ⬹⹂䅸ᏻ໻ᇣ੠᥹ᬊ໘⧚ᓔ䫔˅ 4ˊ˄ 4 ߚ˅བϟ೒᠔⼎ⱘ㔥㒰Ёˈ䞛⫼䎱⾏৥䞣䏃⬅ㅫ⊩䖯㸠䏃⬅䗝ᢽDŽ؛䆒䏃⬅఼ C ೼ਃ ࡼᯊˈ⌟ᕫϢⳌ䚏䏃⬅఼ AǃBⱘᯊᓊߚ߿Ў 7ˈ14DŽℸৢˈ䏃⬅఼ Cߚ߿ᬊࠄᴹ㞾Ⳍ䚏 䏃⬅఼থߎⱘ䏃⬅৥䞣˖B˄15ˈ0ˈ4ˈ6˅ˈ A˄0ˈ3ˈ12ˈ16 DŽ˅Ϟ䗄৥䞣㸼⼎থ䗕䆹৥ 䞣ⱘ䏃⬅఼ߚ߿Ϣ㔥㒰Ё䏃⬅఼ AǃBǃCǃD П䯈ⱘᯊᓊDŽ䅵ㅫ䏃⬅఼ C ೼ᬊࠄⳌ䚏䏃 ⬅఼থߎⱘ৥䞣ৢˈ᳈ᮄⱘ䏃⬅㸼ᰃҔМ˛ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 6义 ݅ 10义 ċˊ䕃ӊᎹ⿟� ˄݅ 30ߚ˅� ϔǃऩ乍䗝ᢽ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 1ߚˈ݅ 5ߚ˅ 1ˊ䕃ӊᓔথⱘ䳔∖⌏ࡼˈ݊Џ㽕ӏࡵᰃ˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ㒭ߎ䕃ӊ㾷އᮍḜ Bˊ㒭ߎ㋏㒳῵ഫ㒧ᵘ CˊᅮН῵ഫㅫ⊩ DˊᅮН䳔∖ᑊᓎゟ㋏㒳῵ൟ 2ˊ䕃ӊᘏԧ䆒䅵㒧ᴳৢᕫࠄ˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ߱ྟ࣪ⱘ䕃ӊ㒧ᵘ೒ BˊӬ࣪ⱘ䕃ӊ㒧ᵘ೒ Cˊ῵ഫⱘㅫ⊩ Dˊ⿟ᑣ㓪ⷕ 3ˊ䴶৥ᇍ䈵ߚᵤᮍ⊩Ϣ㒧ᵘ࣪ߚᵤᮍ⊩ⱘऎ߿Пϔᰃ˄ DŽ˅� AˊϔϾՓ⫼њĀᢑ䈵āˈ 㗠঺ϔϾ≵᳝Փ⫼Āᢑ䈵ā� BˊϔϾҹ䯂乬ඳⱘ៤ߚЎ෎⚍ᴹᵘ䗴ϔϾ῵ഫˈ㗠঺ϔϾϡᰃ� CˊϔϾⳂᷛᯢ⹂ˈ㗠঺ϔϾⳂᷛϡᯢ⹂� DˊϔϾ䳔㽕㗗㰥᭄᥂㒧ᵘˈ㗠঺ϔϾϡ䳔㽕㗗㰥᭄᥂㒧ᵘ 4ˊ⹂ᅮ⌟䆩ⱘ䅵ߦᰃ೼˄ ˅䰊↉ࠊᅮⱘDŽ Aˊ䳔∖ߚᵤ Bˊ䆺㒚䆒䅵 Cˊ㓪ⷕ Dˊ⌟䆩 5ˊᣝϡৠҎਬⱘᎹ԰ݙᆍᴹߚ㉏䕃ӊ䖛⿟ˈ෎ᴀ䖛⿟ࣙᣀ˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ㓈ᡸ䖛⿟੠ᬍ䖯䖛⿟ㄝ Bˊᓔথ䖛⿟੠ᬍ䖯䖛⿟ㄝ Cˊ㦋প䖛⿟੠կᑨ䖛⿟ㄝ Dˊᬍ䖯䖛⿟੠㺕ޣ䖛⿟ㄝ Ѡǃ߸ᮁ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5 ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 1 ߚˈ݅ 5 ߚDŽབᵰℷ⹂ˈ⫼ĀĜā㸼⼎ˈ৺߭ˈ⫼ Āhā㸼⼎˅ 1ˊ೼䕃ӊᓔথᮍ⊩Ёˈ㒧ᵘ࣪ᮍ⊩ᘏⱘᣛᇐॳ߭ᰃ㞾乊৥ϟǃ䗤ℹ∖㊒DŽ˄ ����˅ 2ˊᔧϔϾ῵ഫⳈ᥹ׂᬍ঺ϔϾ῵ഫⱘ᭄᥂ᯊˈ῵ഫ䯈ⱘ䖭⾡㗺ড়⿄Ў᭄᥂㗺ড়DŽ˄ ��˅ 3ˊ⌟䆩⫼՟া䳔䗝⫼ড়⧚ⱘ䕧᭄ܹ᥂DŽ˄ ����˅ 4ˊ䖍⬠ؐߚᵤ⊩ᰃϔ⾡ⱑⲦ⌟䆩⊩DŽ˄ ����˅ 5ˊ݇㘨ᰃᓎゟ㉏П䯈݇㋏ⱘϔ⾡᠟↉DŽ˄ ��˅ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 7义 ݅ 10义 ϝǃㅔㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 4ߚˈ݅ 12ߚ˅ 1ˊ㒭ߎ῵ഫ㗺ড়ⱘᅮНˈᑊВ՟䇈ᯢ 3⾡῵ഫ㗺ড়DŽ 2ˊᇚϟ䴶ⱘӾⷕ䕀ᤶ៤ N-S೒੠ PAD೒DŽ BEGIN S1; S2; IF a>5 THEN S3 ELSE S4; n=1; WHILE n<=5 DO { S5; n=n+1; } IF b>5 THEN S6 ELSE S7; END. 3ˊ㒭ߎ CMMⱘ 5㑻῵ൟˈᑊҹ݊ЁϔϾ CMMㄝ㑻Ў՟ˈ߫ߎ䆹ㄝ㑻ࣙ৿ⱘ݇䬂䖛⿟ඳDŽ ಯǃᓎ῵乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ݅ 8ߚ˅ 䯂乬䰜䗄˖೼ϔㅔ࣪ⱘᶤᄺ᷵೒кㅵ⧚㋏㒳Ёˈ ᑧ᠓ㅵ⧚ਬ㘠䋷˖ ḍ᥂৘㋏ⱘ㽕∖䋳䋷䌁ф೒кˈᑊЎᮄк㓪ࠊ೒кव⠛˄ߚ㉏Ⳃᔩোǃ⌕∈োǃк ৡǃ԰㗙ǃӋḐǃ䌁к᮹ᳳ˅ˈ ݭܹ೒кⳂᔩ᭛ӊDŽ ೒кㅵ⧚ਬ㘠䋷˖ ḍ᥂׳䖬кⱘ㽕∖䋳䋷׳䖬೒к໘⧚˖ ˄1˅ᔧ≵᳝㽕׳ⱘ೒кᯊˈ৥׳䯙Ҏথ᮴к䗮ⶹ˗ ˄2˅ᔧ׳䯙Ҏᇚ೒к϶༅ᯊˈҹ೒к϶༅ऩⱘᔶᓣ᡹ਞ೒кㅵ⧚ਬˈ⬅೒кㅵ⧚ਬ ϟ㔮ℒऩ㒭׳䯙Ҏ˗ৠᯊ೒кㅵ⧚ਬ䋳䋷ׂᬍ೒кⳂᔩ᭛ӊˈᑊ䗮ⶹᑧ᠓ㅵ⧚ਬDŽ ೒к佚Џӏ㘠䋷˖ ↣᳜᳿ḍ᥂ߚ㉏Ⳃᔩোᶹⳟᶤ⾡೒кᑧᄬ䞣ˈᔧᑧᄬ䞣ԢѢᑧᄬϟ䰤ᯊˈ䗮ⶹᑧ᠓ ㅵ⧚ਬ䌁кDŽ 1ˊ˄ 3ߚ˅⫼㒧ᵘ࣪ߚᵤᮍ⊩㒭ߎ䆹㋏㒳ⱘ乊ሖ DFD˄㋏㒳⦃๗೒˅˗ 2ˊ˄ 2ߚ˅㒭ߎ乊ሖ DFDⱘ᭄᥂ᄫ݌˗ 3ˊ˄ 3ߚ˅䗝ᢽ䆹೒кㅵ⧚㋏㒳ЁⱘϔϾѸѦˈᑊ⫼乎ᑣ೒ᴹᦣ䗄DŽ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 8义 ݅ 10义 ČˊҎᎹᱎ㛑ॳ⧚� ˄݅ 30ߚ˅ ϔǃऩ乍䗝ᢽ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 4ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 8ߚ˅ 1ˊՓ⫼⼲㒣㔥㒰ᴹ∖ᕫߚ㉏䯂乬ⱘ㾷ˈᅲ䰙ᐌ⫼ⱘ᠟⊩ᰃ䗮䖛˄ ˅ᴹ䖒ࠄDŽ Aˊ๲ޣ⼲㒣㔥㒰ⱘሖ᭄ Bˊ䇗ᭈ⼲㒣㔥㒰ⱘ䖲᥹ᴗؐ Cˊ๲ޣ䕧ܹ㡖⚍ 2ˊᴀԧ˄Ontology˅ᰃϔ⾡˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ᥼⧚ᮍ⊩ Bˊѻ⫳ᓣ㋏㒳ⱘ঺ϔ⾡ᔶᓣ Cˊὖᗉ੠ὖᗉ䯈݇㋏ⱘ㸼⼎ᮍ⊩ 3ˊҢ⧚䆎Ϟ䆆≵᳝ᔧҞ䅵ㅫᴎϡ㛑䅵ㅫ∖㾷ⱘ䯂乬˄ DŽ˅ Aˊᰃ Bˊϡᰃ Cˊᇮ᮴ᅮ䆎 4ˊڣBaidu˄ⱒᑺ˅ˈ Google˄䈋℠˅䖭㉏ⶹ䆚䯂ㄨ㋏㒳ˈ᠔Փ⫼ⱘЏ㽕ᡔᴃᰃ˄ DŽ˅ Aˊ㞾✊䇁㿔ⱘ䇁Н⧚㾷ᮍ⊩ Bˊⶹ䆚᥼⧚ᮍ⊩ Cˊㅔऩⱘ῵ᓣऍ䜡ᮍ⊩ Ѡǃ䆕ᯢ乬˄7ߚ˅ 䆩⫼㒓ᗻᔦ㒧⊩䆕ᯢ A A ėB1 2 Aš š 3 � � � � � ��݊Ё � � � � � � �� �^ `1A ,x C x D x y G x y E y � š™ o � š � � � � � � � � � � � �� �^ `2A ,x C x F x y G x y F y � š š � o � � � � � �� �3A x D x F x � ™ › ™ � � � � � �� �B x E x F x ™ � o™ ϝǃ䯂ㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 5ߚˈ݅ 15ߚ˅ 1ˊ䖥ᑈᴹҎᎹᱎ㛑ᄺ⾥ⱘⷨお⛁⚍ˈЏ㽕೼ા޴Ͼᮍ䴶˛ 2ˊ䇈ᯢ Agent˄ᱎ㛑ԧ៪Џԧ˅ὖᗉˈҹঞ໮ Agent㋏㒳ⱘЏ㽕ⷨおݙᆍDŽ 3ˊ䇈ᯢϔ⾡ᔦ㒧ᮍ⊩ᰃᅠ໛ⱘ৿НˈᑊВߎϔ⾡ϡᅠ໛ⱘᔦ㒧ㄪ⬹DŽ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 9义 ݅ 10义 čˊ䅵ㅫᴎ೒ᔶᄺ� ˄݅ 30ߚ˅ ϔǃ߸ᮁ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5 ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 1 ߚˈ݅ 5 ߚDŽབᵰℷ⹂ˈ⫼ĀĜā㸼⼎ˈ৺߭ˈ⫼ Āhā㸼⼎˅ 1ˊ೼೒ᔶ㋏㒳Ёˈ೒ᔶ໘⧚䖤ㅫⱘ㊒ᑺϡপއѢᰒ⼎఼ⱘߚ䕽⥛DŽ˄ ˅ 2ˊBezier᳆㒓ᔶ⢊পއѢ᠔䗝ᢽⱘതᷛ㋏੠⡍ᕕᡬ㒓䲚˄໮䖍ᔶ˅乊⚍ⱘⳌᇍԡ㕂DŽ˄ ˅ 3ˊBḋᴵ᳆㒓݋᳝޴ԩϡবᗻ˄ᔶ⢊੠ԡ㕂Ϣതᷛ㋏ⱘ䗝ᢽ᮴݇ DŽ˅˄ ˅ 4ˊᅮНњ⠽ԧⱘ䖍⬠гህଃϔⱘᅮНњ⠽ԧⱘ޴ԩᔶ⢊䖍⬠ˈ⠽ԧ䖍⬠Ϟⱘ䴶ৃҹᰃᑇ䴶៪ ӏԩᔶ⢊᳆䴶DŽ˄ ˅ 5ˊᑇ㸠ᡩᕅ㛑ⳳᅲഄড᯴⠽ԧ㊒⹂ⱘሎᇌ੠ᔶ⢊ˈ㾚㾝ᬜᵰ᳈᳝ⳳᅲᛳDŽ˄ ˅ Ѡǃ฿ぎ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊՓ⫼Ѡ㓈೒ᔶবᤶⶽ䰉 » » » ¼ º « « « ¬ ª 7 1210 010 0021 ᇚѻ⫳বᤶⱘ㒧ᵰᰃ DŽ 2ˊ⾡ᄤ฿ܙㅫ⊩гᰃϔ⾡ᕜᐌ⫼ⱘ໮䖍ᔶऎඳ฿ܙㅫ⊩ˈϢ䖍฿ܙㅫ⊩ϡৠˈ݊෎ᴀॳ⧚ ᰃ DŽ 3ˊZ-Buffer⍜䱤ㅫ⊩ᰃϔ⾡݌ൟⱘ ⍜䱤ㅫ⊩ˈ݊㔎⚍ᰃ DŽ 4ˊPhong῵ൟᰃㅔऩܝডᇘ῵ൟˈᅗ῵ᢳ⠽ԧ㸼䴶ᇍܝⱘডᇘ԰⫼ˈЏ㽕㗗㰥ⱘᰃ⠽ԧ㸼䴶 ᇍ ⱘডᇘ԰⫼DŽᇍ⠽ԧ䯈ⱘܝডᇘ԰⫼ˈা⫼ϔϾ خ䖥Ԑ໘⧚DŽ 5ˊ⫼Ѣޣᇥ៪⍜䰸Ā䍄ḋāⱘᡔᴃ᥾ᮑˈህ㹿⿄ЎĀড䍄ḋāDŽ䰸њᦤ催ߚ䕼⥛П໪ˈ䖬᳝ ੠ ϸ⾡ᐌ⫼ⱘĀড䍄ḋāᮍ⊩DŽ ϝǃ䯂ㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 5ߚˈ݅ 15ߚ˅ 1ˊ೼䅵ㅫᴎ೒ᔶᄺЁˈ䗮ᐌ᠔䇧Ā⠽ԧāⱘ৿НᰃҔМ˛ᑊݭߎ݊ޚ⹂ⱘᅮНDŽ 2ˊᏆⶹϝ⃵Bḋᴵ᳆㒓ϞⱘѨϾᔶؐ⚍ߚ߿ЎQ0(30,0), Q1(24,24), Q2(0,18), Q3(-24,24), Q4(-30,0)᥻ࠊ乊⚍P0, P1, P2, P3, P4ˈ䆹᳆㒓䍋⚍Q0ϢP0䞡ড়ˈߛѢ৥䞣P0P1ˈ㒜⚍Q4Ϣ P4䞡ড়, ߛѢ৥䞣P3P4ˈ∖᥻ࠊ乊⚍P1, P2, P3DŽ 3ˊЎ⫳៤ⳳᅲᛳ೒ᔶˈৃ䞛⫼ϔ⾡HLS买㡆῵ൟˈ䆩ߚ߿䇈ᯢHǃL੠S᠔ҷ㸼ⱘϝϾ㽕㋴ঞ ݊৿НDŽ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ो ㄀ 10义 ݅ 10义 2008ᑈৠㄝᄺ࡯Ҏਬ⬇䇋⸩຿ᄺԡᄺ⾥㓐ড়∈ᑇܼ೑㒳ϔ㗗䆩 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜঞ䆘ߚখ㗗 ㄀ϔ䚼ߚ��᭄ᄺ෎⸔䇒⿟� ϔǃᔶᓣ࣪ϟ߫䇁হ˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 2ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 4ߚ˅ 1ˊ㾷˖䆒M(x)˖xᰃҎ˗N(x, y)˖x  yˈे xϢ yᰃϡৠⱘҎ˗E(xˈy)˖xϢ yⱘᣛ㒍Ⳍ ৠDŽ߭ॳহৃᔶᓣ࣪Ўҹϟϸ⾡ᔶᓣПϔ˖ ˄1˅(�x)( �y) (M(x)ġM(y)ġN(x, y)o™E(x, y)) ˄2˅(�x)( M(x)o(�y)(M(y)ġN(x, y)o™E(x, y))) 䇈ᯢ˖བҙ㔎ᇥ N(x, y)ⱘݙᆍˈ߭া㒭 1ߚDŽ 2ˊ㾷˖䆒 P(x)˖x ᰃ㞾✊᭄ˈQ(x)˖x ᰃ༛᭄ˈR(x)˖x ᰃي᭄ˈD(x)˖x 㛑㹿 2ᭈ䰸DŽ ॳহৃᔶᓣ࣪Ў˖ (�x)((P(x)o(Q(x)ĢR(x))ġ(Q(x)o™D(x))) 䇈ᯢ˖˄ 1˅བҙㄨᇍ䚼ߚݙᆍ᳔໮㒭 1ߚDŽ ˄2˅ܼহᖙ乏ݭ៤ϔϾᓣᄤˈϨЁ䯈⫼㘨㒧䆡ġ㘨㒧ˈ৺߭ᠷ 0.5ߚDŽ Ѡǃ฿ぎ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 4ᇣ乬ˈ㄀ 1ᇣ乬↣ぎ 1ߚˈ㄀ 2ǃ3ǃ4ᇣ乬↣ぎ 2ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊ˄1˅m = n m! ˄2˅m ” n !m mn nC m A˜ 2ˊ ៪ 1440 4! 5 4 3˜ ˜ ˜ 3ˊ16 4ˊ8 ϝǃ㾷ㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ㄀ 1ǃ2ᇣ乬↣乬 4ߚˈ㄀ 3ᇣ乬 8ߚˈ݅ 16ߚ˅ 1ˊ㾷˖˄ 1˅ ™ P œ™(PĢP) PĻP -----------1ߚœ ˄2˅ PġQ œ™ (™PĢ™Q) œ (™P)Ļ(™Q) œ (PĻP)Ļ(QĻQ) ˄㾕ϟ䴶䇈ᯢ˅ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 1义 ݅ 14义 ˄3˅ PĢQ œ™ (™(PĢQ)) œ ™(PĻQ) œ (PĻQ)Ļ(PĻQ) ˄㾕ϟ䴶䇈ᯢ˅ བ˄2 ǃ˅˄ 3˅ᇣ乬Ёҙخᇍϔ乬߭㒭 2ߚˈ˄ 2˅੠˄3˅ᇣ乬䛑خᇍ߭㒭 3ߚDŽ 2ˊ㾷 䆒TЁ᳝ xϾ৊ᄤˈ߭TЁ᳝13 3 10x x� � � ϾᑺЎ 5ⱘ乊⚍ˈ ⬅ѢᷥЁⱘ䖍᭄ㄝѢ乊⚍Ͼ᭄ޣএ 1ˈे䖍᭄Ў 12 -----------2ߚ ⬅乊⚍ᑺ᭄П੠ㄝѢ䖍᭄ⱘϸסᕫ 1 2 3 5 (10 ) 2 1x xu � u � u � u 2 㾷ᕫ ˈᬙ Ё᳝ 8Ͼ৊ᄤDŽ -----------2ߚ8x T 3ˊ㾷 䆒⒵䎇ᴵӊⱘ ԡ᭄ⱘϾ᭄Ў ˈ߭ᑣ߫ ᇍᑨⱘᣛ᭄ൟ↡ߑ᭄G(i ia 1 2 3, , ,a a a L )x Ў 2 4 2 3 2G( )=(1+ + ) (1 ) 2! 4! 2! 3! x x x xx x� � � � �L 3L -----------2ߚ ⬅Ѣ 2 3 e =1 2! 3! x x xx� � � �L ᬙ 2 3 e =1 2! 3! x x xx� � � � �L Ѣᰃ 2 4 11 ( 2! 4! 2 )x xx x e e�� � � �L ---------3ߚ ᬙ 2 31G( )= ( ) 4 x x xx e e e�� = 5 31 ( 2 4 )x x xe e e� � 0 1 (5 2 3 1) 4 ! n n n n x n f � ˜ �¦ ---------2ߚ ᬙ =na 1 (5 2 3 1) 4 n n� ˜ � ---------1ߚ ಯǃ䆕ᯢ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 2ᇣ乬ˈ㄀ 1ᇣ乬 4ߚˈ㄀ 2ᇣ乬 6ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊ䆕ᯢ˖⬅ᴵӊ˄1˅ˈ RᏆ⒵䎇㞾ডᗻDŽ䳔䆕ᯢ R⒵䎇ᇍ⿄ᗻ੠Ӵ䗦ᗻDŽ 1˅ᇍѢӏᛣⱘˈ ęR Ϩ⬅ᴵӊ˄1˅ Ÿ ęRġęR -----------1ߚ ⬅ᴵӊ˄2˅ ęR -----------1ߚŸ ᠔ҹˈR⒵䎇ᇍ⿄ᗻDŽ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 2义 ݅ 14义 2˅ᇍѢӏᛣⱘˈ ęRġęR ⬅ᇍ⿄ᗻ ęRġęR -----------1ߚŸ ⬅ᴵӊ˄2˅ ęR -----------1ߚŸ ᠔ҹˈR⒵䎇Ӵ䗦ᗻDŽ 㓐ড় 1˅ˈ 2˅ৃᕫˈRᰃ AϞⱘㄝӋ݇㋏DŽ 2ˊ䆕ᯢ˖⫼㑶ǃ㪱ϸ㡆এ⍖1 ẟⲬˈ᳝݅3u 32 8 ⾡⍖㡆ᮍ⊩DŽ -----------2ߚ 䆒 㸼⼎㄀ ⾡⍖㡆ᮍ⊩. 䆒 ᰃӏϔϾᏆ⫼㑶ǃ㪱⍖њ㡆ⱘ ẟⲬˈҹ 㸼⼎ ⱘ㄀ k㸠ⱘ⍖㡆ᮍ⊩DŽ䆒 ( 1,2, ,8)ia i L ( 1,2, ,9)b k L i J 9 3u k J 1 2 9{ , , , },B b b b L ᑊҸ { | }, ( 1,2, ,8)jB b b B b a j  Kᵕ ᵏ 䘹⍍ L DŽ߭ DŽ -----------2ߚ 8 j= jB B BŽ � ᵕU j B )BЁ 9Ͼܗ㋴ᬒࠄ 䖭 8Ͼᢑም䞠ˈ⬅向ㄐॳ⧚ˈᖙ᳝ℷᭈ᭄ ,Փ ᕫ | | ˈे ( 1,2, ,8jB j L (1 8)t td d 2tB t tB Ё㟇ᇥ᳝ϸϾܗ㋴ϡོ䆒Ў ˈ䖭䇈ᯢ೼⍖㡆 ЁˈẟⲬⱘ㄀ 㸠 ੠㄀ 㸠ⱘ⍖㡆ϔḋDŽ -----------2ߚ mb b⏍ l J m l 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 3义 ݅ 14义 ㄀Ѡ䚼ߚ��ϧϮⶹ䆚䇒⿟� ĉˊ䅵ㅫᴎ㋏㒳㒧ᵘ䆩ो�ㄨḜঞ䆘ߚখ㗗� ϔǃ฿ぎ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 2ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 4ߚ˅ 1ˊ3N+22˗N+16 2ˊ3˗9 Ѡǃ䯂ㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 6ߚ˅ ಴ЎЏᄬࣙ৿ 4096=2 12 ϾഫˈCacheЁࣙ৿ 64=2 6 Ͼഫˈ↣Ͼഫ໻ᇣ 128=2 7 Ͼᄫˈ᠔ҹ˖ 1ˊЏᄬᄫഄഔЎ 12+7=19ԡ 2ˊCacheᄫഄഔЎ 6+7=13ԡ 3ˊऎোЎ 19-13=6ԡˈ㒘োЎ 6-2=4ԡˈഫোЎ 2ԡˈഫݙഄഔЎ 7ԡ ऎো 㒘ো ഫো ഫݙഄഔ 12 6 2 7 ˄⊼˖া㽕ᕫ᭄ℷ⹂ህৃҹᕫߚ˅ ϝǃ䆒䅵乬˄ᴀ乬݅ 5ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊ⽕ℶ䲚ড়Ў{2ˈ3ˈ5}ˈ߱ྟކさ৥䞣Ў˄1 0 1 1 0˅ 2ˊ⌕∈㒓䇗ᑺⱘ⢊ᗕ䕀⿏೒བϟ˖ ㅔऩᕾ⦃� ᑇഛਃࡼ䎱⾏ ˄�ˈ�˅� ���� ˄�ˈ�˅� �� ˄�˅� �� ˄�˅� �� 3ˊ⌕∈㒓ⱘ᳔ᇣਃࡼᕾ⦃Ў˄1ˈ6˅˗ ᳔ᇣᑇഛਃࡼ䎱⾏Ў 3.5 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 4义 ݅ 14义 4ˊ⌕∈㒓৘ࡳ㛑↉П䯈ⱘ䖲᥹೒བϟ˖ 䕧ߎ 䕧ܹ S1 S2 S3 5ˊᦦܹ䴲䅵ㅫᓊ䖳ৢˈ⌕∈㒓ⱘ᳔Շᑇഛਃࡼ䎱⾏Ў 3ˈ᠔ҹˈ᳔໻ৃ㛑ⱘ৲৤⥛ TP=1/(3*20) ns ಯǃ䅵ㅫ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 4ᇣ乬ˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊᣛҸ n+1Ϣ n+2П䯈᳝݇Ѣᆘᄬ఼ R0ⱘݭ䇏᭄᥂Ⳍ݇˗ -----------1ߚ ᣛҸ n+3Ϣ n+6П䯈᳝݇Ѣᆘᄬ఼ R2ⱘݭ䇏᭄᥂Ⳍ݇˗ -----------1ߚ ᣛҸ n+4Ϣ n+5П䯈᳝݇Ѣᆘᄬ఼ R4ⱘ䇏ݭ᭄᥂Ⳍ݇˗ -----------1ߚ ᣛҸ n+3Ϣ n+6П䯈᳝݇Ѣᆘᄬ఼ R2ⱘݭݭ᭄᥂Ⳍ݇DŽ -----------1ߚ 2ˊ䞛⫼乎ᑣথᇘ乎ᑣᅠ៤䇗ᑺᮍ⊩ⱘ⌕∈㒓ᯊぎ೒˖ ˄1ߚ˅ � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� Q��� ,)�� ,'�� /6� :5�� � � � � � � � � � Q��� ,)�� � � � ,'� $'' $'' :5� � � � � � Q��� � ,)�� ,'�� /6� � � � � :5� � � � � Q��� � ,)�� ,'�� 08/� 08/ 08/ � � :5� � � � � Q��� � � ,)�� ,'�� $1' � � � � :5� � � � Q��� � � ,)�� � � � � � � ,'� $''� $''� :5�� � ᠻ㸠䖭Ͼ⿟ᑣ݅⫼ 130nsDŽ -----------1ߚ � 3ˊ䞛⫼乎ᑣথᇘхᑣᅠ៤䇗ᑺᮍ⊩ⱘ⌕∈㒓ᯊぎ೒˖ ˄1ߚ˅ � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� Q��� ,)�� ,'�� /6� :5�� � � � � � Q��� ,)�� � � � ,'�� $''� $''� :5�� � Q��� � ,)�� ,'�� /6� :5�� � � � � Q��� � ,)�� ,'�� 08/� 08/� 08/� :5�� � � 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 5义 ݅ 14义 Q��� � � ,)�� ,'�� $1'� :5�� � � � Q��� � � ,)�� � � ,'�� $''� $''� :5�� � ᠻ㸠䖭Ͼ⿟ᑣ݅⫼ 90ns -----------1ߚ� 4ˊ䞛⫼乎ᑣথᇘхᑣᅠ៤䇗ᑺᮍ⊩ⱘ⌕∈㒓ᯊぎ೒˖ ˄1ߚ˅ � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� Q��� ,)�� ,'�� /6� :5�� � � � Q��� ,)�� ,'�� � $''� $''� :5�� � Q��� � ,)�� ,'�� /6� :5�� � � Q��� � ,)�� ,'�� 08/� 08/� 08/� :5�� Q��� � � ,)�� ,'�� $1'� :5�� � Q��� � � ,)�� ,'�� $''� $''� :5�� � ᠻ㸠䖭Ͼ⿟ᑣ݅⫼ 70ns -----------1ߚ IF˖পᣛҸ ID˖䆥ⷕ LS˖LOAD䆓ᄬ WR˖ݭ㒧ᵰ ADD˖ࡴ⊩ MUL˖Ь⊩ AND˖Ϣ᪡԰ � � 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 6义 ݅ 14义 Ċˊ䅵ㅫᴎ㔥㒰䆩ो�ㄨḜঞ䆘ߚখ㗗� ϔǃऩ乍䗝ᢽ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 10ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 1ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊC˗ 2ˊC˗ 3ˊD˗ 4ˊB˗ 5ˊC˗ 6ˊB˗ 7ˊB˗ 8ˊD˗ 9ˊB 10ˊA Ѡǃৡ䆡㾷䞞˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 2ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 3ߚˈ݅ 6ߚ˅ 1ˊㄨ˖ᣛ݋᳝ऩϔㅵ⧚ᴗ䰤˄៪⣀ゟ㸠ᬓऩԡㅵ䕪ϟ˅ⱘ㔥㒰੠䏃⬅఼˄2ߚ˅˗ 䞛⫼ AS ݙ䚼㔥݇ण䆂˄ඳݙ䏃⬅䗝ᢽण䆂˅⹂ᅮߚ㒘೼ AS ݙⱘ䏃⬅˄0.5 ߚ˅˗ 䞛 ⫼໪䚼㔥݇ण䆂˄ඳ䯈䏃⬅䗝ᢽण䆂˅໘⧚ߚ㒘೼ ASП䯈ⱘ䏃⬅˄0.5ߚ DŽ˅ 2ˊㄨ˖TCP䖯㸠ᢹา᥻ࠊⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩˄1ߚ˅˗ Փᢹาにষ೼߱ྟᯊ໻ᇣЎ 1˄1Ͼ᳔໻᡹᭛ ↉䭓ᑺ˅ˈ ↣ᬊࠄϔϾ ACKᑨㄨ˄ᇍᮄ᡹᭛↉ⱘ⹂䅸˅ˈ ᢹาにষ๲ 1ˈ䗤ℹ๲ࡴᢹา にষ໻ᇣ˄2ߚ DŽ˅� ϝǃ䯂ㄨ੠䅵ㅫ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 4ᇣ乬ˈ݅ 14ߚ˅ 1 ㄨˊ ҹ˖໾㔥ᅮН᳔ⷁᏻ䭓Ў 64ᄫ㡖˄ 1ߚ DŽ˅᳔ⷁ䭓ᑺⱘ䰤ࠊϢҹ໾㔥MACሖⱘ CSMA/CDˊˊ ˊˊ ˊˊˊ ण䆂᳝݇˄ 1ߚ DŽ˅ҹ໾㔥೼থ䗕᭄᥂ᏻᯊ㛑໳Ẕ⌟ࠄކさᑊذℶথ䗕DŽབᵰᏻ䭓ᑺ䖛ⷁˈ ೼Ẕ⌟ࠄކさПࠡᏻᏆ㒣থ䗕ᅠ↩ˈ߭ण䆂᮴⊩䖯㸠᳝ᬜކさẔ⌟˄1ߚ DŽ˅ 2ˊㄨ˖TCPण䆂ᰃ䴶৥䖲᥹ⱘण䆂˄1ߚ˅˗ ৃ䴴ᓎゟ䖲᥹˄гৃㄨϝ⃵ᦵ᠟ᓎゟ䖲᥹˅੠㒜 ℶ䖲᥹˄1ߚ˅˗ 䞛⫼⒥ࡼにষण䆂䖯㸠⌕䞣᥻ࠊ੠Ꮒ䫭᥻ࠊ˄1ߚ DŽ˅ 3ˊㄨ˖থ䗕ϔᏻ᠔䳔ᯊ䯈 t1 = 1KB*8/1.6Mbps = 5ms ˄1ߚ˅ RTT=45ms 㢹Փ⫼⒥ࡼにষण䆂ˈৃ䖲㓁থ䗕ᏻ᭄˖1ˇ45/5=10ᏻ˄1ߚ˅ˈ 24>10>23, ಴ℸˈ㟇ᇥՓ⫼ 4ԡᑣো˗˄ 2ߚ˅ 4ˊㄨ˖ᬊࠄ䏃⬅৥䞣˖A˄0ˈ3ˈ12ˈ16˅ B˄15ˈ0ˈ4ˈ6˅ˈ C᳈ᮄৢⱘ䏃⬅㸼˄ߚ߿ࠄ A,B,C,Dⱘ䏃⬅৥䞣˅; (˄7ˈA˅ˈ˄10ˈA˅ˈ˄0ˈˉ˅ˈ˄20ˈB˅) 䆘ߚ䇈ᯢ˖↣ㄨᇍࠄϔϾ㡖⚍ⱘ䏃⬅ⱘᯊᓊؐᕫ 0.5ߚˈㄨᇍ䕧ߎ㒓䏃ᕫ 0.5ߚ˗㢹ㄨḜ Ў˄7ˈ10ˈ0ˈ20˅ᕫ 2ߚ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 7义 ݅ 14义 ċˊ䕃ӊᎹ⿟䆩ो�ㄨḜঞ䆘ߚখ㗗� ϔǃऩ乍䗝ᢽ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 1ߚˈ݅ 5ߚ˅ 1ˊD˗ 2ˊB˗ 3ˊB˗ 4ˊA˗ 5ˊC Ѡǃ߸ᮁ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5 ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 1 ߚˈ݅ 5 ߚDŽབᵰℷ⹂ˈ⫼ĀĜā㸼⼎ˈ৺߭ˈ⫼ Āhā㸼⼎˅ 1ˊĜ� � 2ˊh� � 3ˊh� � 4ˊh� � 5ˊĜ ϝǃㅔㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 4ߚˈ݅ 12ߚ˅� 1. ㄨ˖㗺ড়ᰃᇍϡৠ῵ഫП䯈ⳌѦձ䌪⿟ᑺⱘᑺ䞣DŽ˄ ᅮН 1ߚ˅ ϔ㠀ഄˈ῵ഫ㗺ড়ৃߚЎ˖ 1˅ݙᆍ㗺ড়˖ᔧϔϾ῵ഫⳈ᥹ׂᬍ៪᪡԰঺ϔϾ῵ഫⱘ᭄᥂ᯊˈ῵ഫ䯈ⱘ䖭⾡㗺ড় ⿄Ўݙᆍ㗺ড়DŽ 2˅݀݅㗺ড়˖ᔧϸϾҹϞⱘ῵ഫ݅ৠᓩ⫼ϔϾܼሔ᭄᥂乍ᯊˈ῵ഫ䯈ⱘ䖭⾡㗺ড়⿄ Ў݀݅㗺ড়DŽ 3˅᥻ࠊ㗺ড়˖ϔϾ῵ഫ೼⬠䴶ϞӴ䗦ϔϾֵো᥻ࠊ঺ϔϾ῵ഫˈ᥹ᬊֵোⱘ῵ഫⱘ ࡼ԰ḍ᥂ֵোؐ䖯㸠䇗ᭈˈ῵ഫ䯈ⱘ䖭⾡㗺ড়⿄Ў᥻ࠊ㗺ড়DŽ 4˅ᷛ䆄㗺ড়˖ᔧϸϾ῵ഫ㟇ᇥ᳝ϔϾ䗮䖛⬠䴶Ӵ䗦ⱘ݀݅খ᭄ᯊˈ῵ഫ䯈ⱘ䖭⾡㗺 ড়⿄Ўᷛ䆄㗺ড়DŽ 5˅᭄᥂㗺ড়˖ᔧ῵ഫ䯈䗮䖛খ᭄Ӵ䗦෎ᴀ㉏ൟⱘ᭄᥂ᯊˈ῵ഫ䯈ⱘ䖭⾡㗺ড়⿄Ў᭄ ᥂㗺ড়DŽ ˄㒭ߎӏᛣ 3⾡῵ഫ㗺ড়ˈᕫ 3ߚˈ݊Ё↣⾡㗺ড় 1ߚ˅ 2ˊㄨ˖ᇍᑨⱘ N-S೒བϟ᠔⼎˖˄ 2ߚ˅ S2 T a>5 F S3 S4 n=1 n<=5 S5 n=n+1; T b>5 F S6 S7 S1 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 8义 ݅ 14义 ᇍᑨⱘ PAD೒བϟ᠔⼎˖˄ 2ߚ˅ b>5 a>5 S1 ᓔྟ 㒧ᴳ WHILE n<=5 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 n=1 n=n+1 S7 3ˊㄨ˖CMMⱘ 5㑻῵ൟབϟ᠔⼎˖˄ 2ߚ˅ Ѻಳމ(1) ࢶᄷ؏މ(2)� ྸՇ࿌މ(3) ྸڕसމ(4) ћ༣ညܤމ(5)� ՟བ˖˄ 1˅ৃ䞡໡㑻ⱘ݇䬂䖛⿟ඳࣙᣀ˖䕃ӊ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ǃ䕃ӊ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ǃ䕃ӊᄤড়ৠㅵ⧚ǃ 䕃ӊ乍Ⳃ䎳䏾੠ⲥⴷǃ䕃ӊ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦҹঞ䳔∖ㅵ⧚DŽ ˄2˅ᏆᅮН㑻ⱘ݇䬂䖛⿟ඳࣙᣀ˖㒘㒛䖛⿟⛺⚍ǃ㒘㒛䖛⿟ᅮНǃ෍䆁໻㒆ǃ䲚៤ 䕃ӊㅵ⧚ǃ䕃ӊѻકᎹ⿟ǃ㒘䯈ण䇗ҹঞৠ㸠䆘ᅵDŽ ˄3˅Ꮖㅵ⧚㑻ⱘ݇䬂䖛⿟ඳࣙᣀ˖ᅮ䞣䖛⿟ㅵ⧚੠䕃ӊ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚DŽ ˄4˅ᣕ㓁Ӭ࣪㑻ⱘ݇䬂䖛⿟ඳࣙᣀ˖㔎䱋乘䰆ǃᡔᴃব࣪ㅵ⧚੠䖛⿟ব࣪ㅵ⧚DŽ ˄㟇ᇥㄨߎ 2Ͼ݇䬂䖛⿟ඳˈᕫ 2ߚ d˅� 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 9义 ݅ 14义 ಯǃᓎ῵乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ݅ 8ߚ˅ ㄨ˖ ˄1˅㋏㒳ⱘ乊ሖ DFDབϟ˖˄ 3ߚ˅ ೒кㅵ⧚㋏㒳 乊ሖDFD ᯊ䩳 ᑧ᠓ㅵ⧚ਬ ೒кㅵ⧚ਬ ????? ׳䯙Ҏ ܹᑧ ਞऩ ϶༅᡹ ऩ 䌁к䗮ⶹ ᯊ䯈 ᳜᳿ᑧᄬ 䞣 ᶹⳟ㽕∖ ׳䖬 кⱘ 㽕∖ ೒к ϶༅ ऩ ᮴ к 䗮 ⶹ ऩ ??? 䌁к䗮ⶹ 2˅᭄᥂ᄫ݌˖˄ 2ߚ˅� ܹᑧऩ˙ߚ㉏Ⳃᔩোˇ⌕∈োˇкৡˇ԰㗙ˇӋḐˇ䌁к᮹ᳳ� ׳䖬кⱘ㽕∖˙>׳кֵᙃ_䖬кֵᙃ@� ׳кֵᙃ˙>кৡ_԰㗙@ˇ׳к᮹ᳳ� 䖬кֵᙃ˙кৡˇ䖬к᮹ᳳ� ׳䯙Ҏ೒к䆕ো� ᮴к䗮ⶹऩ˙׳䯙Ҏ೒к䆕োˇ᮴кֵᙃ� 㔮ℒऩ˙׳䯙Ҏ೒к䆕োˇ㔮ℒ䞥乱� ᶹⳟ㽕∖˙ߚ㉏Ⳃᔩো� ᳜᳿ᑧᄬ䞣˙^ߚ㉏Ⳃᔩোˇкৡˇᑧᄬ䞣`� 䌁к䗮ⶹ˙ߚ㉏Ⳃᔩোˇкৡˇ䌁ф䞣� 䌁кā䖭ϔѸѦˈ㒭ߎ݊ 乎ᑣ೒˖˄ ˄ ೒к϶༅ऩ˙೒к⌕∈োˇ ϶༅᡹ਞऩ˙кৡˇߚ㉏Ⳃᔩোˇ೒к⌕∈ো� � ˄3˅ҹϟ䩜ᇍĀ ೒к೒к佚Џӏḍ᥂ 3ߚ˅� ᳜᳿ᑧᄬᚙމ䗮ⶹᑧ᠓ㅵ⧚ਬ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 10义 ݅ 14义 ݊Ёˈᇍ䈵Ā೒к佚Џӏāᰃ⬠䴶ᇍ䈵ˈᅗ䇗⫼ᇍ䈵Ā೒кᑧᄬֵᙃ᭛ӊāˈ ḍ᥂೒кⱘ ߚ㉏Ⳃᔩো㒳䅵೒к᳜᳿ᑧᄬᚙމˈᔧ೒кⱘᑧᄬ䞣ԢѢϟ䰤ᯊˈᇍ䈵Ā೒к佚Џӏā ৥ᇍ䈵Āᑧ᠓ㅵ⧚ਬāথ䌁к䗮ⶹDŽ � ⊼˖䆹乬ⱘㄨḜ೼ᔶᓣϞৃ㛑ᰃ໮⾡໮ḋⱘˈԚ೼ಲㄨᯊˈЏ㽕⊼ᛣϝ⚍˖ ˄1˅乊ሖ DFDᰃ৺ヺড়㋏㒳⦃๗೒ⱘᵘ䗴⡍⚍˗ ˄2˅᭄᥂ᄫ݌ⱘᅮНᰃ৺ヺড়݊кݭॳ߭˗ ˄3˅᠔⬏ⱘ乎ᑣ೒ᰃ৺ヺড় UMLЁ乎ᑣ೒ⱘᅮНDŽ � ೒к᳜᳿ᑧᄬᚙމ(ߚ㉏Ⳃ ᔩোˈкৡˈᑧᄬ䞣) 㒳䅵೒к᳜᳿ᑧᄬᚙމ(ߚ㉏ Ⳃᔩো) ˖೒к佚Џӏ ೒˖кᑧᄬֵᙃ᭛ӊ˖ᑧ᠓ㅵ⧚ਬ When ᑧᄬ䞣 <ϟ䰤 䌁к䗮ⶹ(ߚ㉏Ⳃ ᔩো кˈৡ 䌁ˈф 䞣) 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 11义 ݅ 14义 ČˊҎᎹᱎ㛑ॳ⧚䆩ो�ㄨḜঞ䆘ߚখ㗗� � ϔǃऩ乍䗝ᢽ乬˄↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 8ߚ˅ 1ˊB˗ 2ˊC˗ 3ˊB˗ 4ˊC˗ Ѡǃ䆕ᯢ乬˄7ߚ˅ ㄨ˖ 1 2 3A A A Bš š š™ ⱘᄤহ䲚Ў έ ķ � � � � � �� �, ,C x D x G x f x™ › › ĸ � � � � � �� � ,C x D x E f x™ › › Ĺ � �C a ˈ ĺ � �F a ˈ Ļ � � � �, y F y› �G a™ ˈļ � � �D x F™ x™ › ˈĽ � � � �E x F x™™ › ή ˄ऴ 3ߚ˅ ϔ⾡㒓ᗻᔦ㒧䆕ᯢ䖛⿟˄ৃ㛑᳝໮⾡˅˖ ˄ऴ 4ߚ˅ ϝǃ䯂ㄨ乬˄↣ᇣ乬 5ߚˈ݅ 15ߚ˅ ㄨ˖ 1ˊAgent⧚䆎Ϣᑨ⫼ˈ᭄᥂ᣪᥬˈ㒳䅵ᴎ఼ᄺдDŽ˄ ㄨߎϔϾᮍ䴶ऴ 2ߚˈܼㄨߎऴ 5ߚ˅ 2 AˊgentᰃᶤϾ⦃๗ϟⱘ䅵ㅫᴎ㋏㒳 ݋ˈ᳝೼䆹⦃๗ϟ㞾ࡼ㸠ࡼᴹᅲ⦄Ⳃᷛⱘ㛑࡯˄ 㞾Џᗻ DŽ˅ 䖬݋᳝Ϣ݊Ҫ AgentѸѦ݅ৠᅠ៤䯂乬∖㾷ⱘ㛑࡯˄⼒Ӯᗻ˅˄ ऴ 2ߚ DŽ˅ ໮ Agent㋏㒳Џ㽕ⷨお Agent੠ Agent㕸ԧⱘ῵ൟ ҹˈঞ໮ Agentড়԰∖㾷ⱘᴎ⧚˄ ऴ 3ߚ DŽ˅ 3 ϔˊ⾡ᔦ㒧ᮍ⊩ᰃᅠ໛ⱘ ᣛˈⱘᰃབᵰᅮ⧚៤ゟ Փˈ⫼䖭⾡ᔦ㒧ᮍ⊩ᖙӮ㒭ߎ䆕ᯢ˄ ऴ 3ߚ DŽ˅ བऩܗᔦ㒧ㄪ⬹ህᰃϡᅠ໛ⱘ˄ऴ 2ߚ DŽ˅ DŽĽ ĸDŽ DŽ DŽĻ DŽ ķDŽ DŽ DŽļ DŽ ĹDŽ DŽ ĺDŽ DŽ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 12义 ݅ 14义 čˊ䅵ㅫᴎ೒ᔶᄺ䆩ो�ㄨḜঞ䆘ߚখ㗗� ϔǃ߸ᮁ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5 ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 1 ߚˈ݅ 5 ߚDŽབᵰℷ⹂ˈ⫼ĀĜā㸼⼎ˈ৺߭ˈ⫼ Āhā㸼⼎˅� 1.Ĝ� 2.h� 3.Ĝ� 4.h� 5.h�� � Ѡǃ฿ぎ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 5ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 2ߚˈ݅ 10ߚ˅ 1ˊ⊓Xതᷛ䕈ᮍ৥㓽ᇣ 1/2סˈ⊓Yതᷛ䕈ᮍ৥⿏ࡼ 1/2Ͼ㒬೒ऩԡ 2ˊ؛䆒೼໮䖍ᔶऎݙ䚼᳝ϔ䈵㋴Ꮖⶹˈ⬅ℸߎথᡒࠄऎඳݙⱘ᠔᳝೒䈵 3ˊ೒䈵ぎ䯈䴶 䳔㽕᳝䕗໮ⱘᄬټぎ䯈ˈे䖬䳔㽕ϔϾᄬᬒ↣Ͼ䈵㋴ⱘ⏅ᑺؐⱘZ㓧ކऎ 4ˊⳈ᥹ܝ✻ ⦃๗ܝᐌ䞣 5ˊㅔऩⱘऎඳপḋ ࡴᴗⱘऎඳপḋ ϝǃ䯂ㄨ乬˄ᴀ໻乬݅ 3ᇣ乬ˈ↣ᇣ乬 5ߚˈ݅ 15ߚ˅� 1ˊㄨ˖೼䅵ㅫᴎ೒ᔶᄺЁˈ䗮ᐌ᠔䇧Ā⠽ԧāᰃϝ㓈⃻⇣ぎ䯈⚍ⱘℷ߭䲚ড় ciSDŽ೼ℸˈSᰃ ϝ㓈⃻⇣ぎ䯈ⱘϔϾ⚍䲚˗iSᰃ⚍䲚 Sⱘݙ䚼ˈे݊Ёӏԩϔ⚍ˈ೼䆹⚍ⱘϔϾܙߚ ᇣⱘ䚏ඳ᠔ࣙ৿ⱘ⚍䛑ሲѢℸ⚍䲚˗ciS ᰃ⚍䲚ⱘ䯁ࣙˈे⚍䲚 iS˄ᓔ䲚˅Ϣ݊᠔᳝ ব⬠ⱘᑊ䲚DŽ 䆘ߚ䇈ᯢ˖ᣛߎĀϝ㓈⃻⇣ぎ䯈⚍ⱘℷ߭䲚ড়āᕫ 2ߚˈ䇈ᯢњS⚍䲚, Sⱘݙ䚼iS˄ᓔ䲚˅ˈ ⚍ 䲚ⱘ䯁ࣙciS˄ᑊ䲚˅ὖᗉ৘ᕫ 1ߚˈ݅ 5ߚDŽ 2ˊㄨ˖ᣝ✻ϝ⃵ Bḋᴵ᳆㒓ⱘⶶ䞣ᮍ⿟ৃᕫࠄ㒓ᗻᮍ⿟㒘˖ Q0=P0 Q1=(P0+4P1+P2)/6 Q2=(P1+4P2+P3)/6 Q3=(P2+4P3+P4)/6 Q4=P4 ᇚ㒭ᅮ⚍Q0(30,0), Q1(24,24), Q2(0,18), Q3(-24,24), Q4(-30,0)ⱘതᷛؐҷܹ∖㾷㒓ᗻᮍ ⿟㒘ˈৃᕫࠄ᥻ࠊ乊⚍˖ P1(21,17)ˈP2(0,20) ˈP3(-21,17) 䆘ߚ䇈ᯢ˖߫ߎ㒓ᗻᮍ⿟㒘ᕫ 2ߚˈℷ⹂ഄݭߎϔϾ᥻ࠊ乊⚍ᕫ 1ߚˈ݅ 5ߚDŽ 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 13义 ݅ 14义 䅵ㅫᴎ⾥ᄺϢᡔᴃ䆩ोㄨḜ ㄀ 14义 ݅ 14义 3.ㄨ˖˄ 1˅Hüüҷ㸼㡆ᔽ˄hue˅ˈ ህᰃ䗮ᐌ᠔䇈ⱘ㑶ǃ㓓ǃ㪱ǃ㋿ㄝˈᰃϔ⾡买㡆ऎ߿Ѣ঺ ϔ⾡买㡆ⱘ㽕㋴˗� ˄2˅Lüüҷ㸼҂ᑺ˄lightness˅ˈ ህᰃܝⱘᔎᑺDŽ ˄3 S˅üüҷ㸼佅੠ᑺ˄saturation˅ˈ ህᰃ买㡆ⱘ㒃ᑺˈ೼ᶤЁ买㡆Ё๲ࡴⱑ㡆ⳌᔧѢޣ ᇥ䆹㡆ⱘ佅੠ᑺDŽ 䆘ߚ䇈ᯢ H˖üü㽕㋴ৡ⿄੠৿Н৘ऴ 1ߚ L˗üüᣛߎ҂ᑺ៪ᔎᑺህᕫ 1ߚ S˗üü㽕㋴ৡ⿄ ੠৿Н৘ऴ 1ߚˈ݅ 5ߚDŽ˄ ৃҹϡݭ㣅᭛ৡ⿄˅ �