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面达中的高级结构   我们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。 一．高级词汇 1．occur 替换 think of    Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →    An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.    It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 2．devote替换spend    He spends all his spare time in reading. →    He devotes all his spare time to reading. 3．seek替换want / look for    They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees. 4．average 替换ordinary    I’m an average ( ordinary ) student. 5．but替换very    The film we saw last night was very interesting. →    The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.    The film we saw last night was anything but boring. 6．seat 替换sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried. 7．suppose 替换should    He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly. 8．appreciate 替换thank    Thank you very much for you help. →    We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated. 9．the case替换 true    I don’t think it is the case ( true ). 10．on替换as soon as    As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →    On his arrival, he began his research.. 11．due to替换because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12．cover替换walk/read     After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired. 13．contribute to替换  be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →     Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.   14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby     ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15．come to light替换discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. → The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light. 16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself     After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ). 17．come up with替换think of     Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas. 18．set aside替换save     Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷) 19．be of + n. 替换adj.     The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere inChina. 20．refer to  替换talk about/of, mention     The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous. 21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do I could not but (had to) go home. 22．more often than not替换usually     More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed. 23．lest替换so that /in order that     I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →     I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it. 24．be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for     I want to see you very much. →     I am long to see you. 25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps. 26．more than替换very     ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →      I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.  ( NMET 2003 )    ② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷) 27．perfect (ly) 替换good/ very well He speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ). 28．do sb a/the favor 替换help     Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio? 29．the other day替换a few days ago     The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 ) 30．in the course of替换during     In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. 31．the majority of替换most     The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. 32．consist of替换be made up of     Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students. 33．be worn out替换 be tired / broken     ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).     ② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair. 34．become of替换 happen     What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?  35．attend to替换look after 36．on condition that替换as long as 37．nevertheless替换however 38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do 40．many a 替换many 41．be rushed off one’s feet  替换be busy in doing 42．a handful of替换a little / some 43．meanwhile替换at the same time 44．get to one’s feet替换stand up 45．beneath替换under 46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while 47．for instance替换for example 48．seldom替换not often 49．wealthy替换 rich 50．amazing替换surprising 51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact 二．高级句型结构 ◆ It句型  ① It will be + some time + before…     It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.  ② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.     It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much. He said since it was a new model inChina, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008年湖北卷）  ③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…   1)  It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.   2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge. ◆ more …than any other 表示最高级          Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. ◆ 名词从句 ① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 Ⅲ )    ② My hometown is no longer what it used to be. ◆（非限制性）定语从句    ① The flat is in a building onFangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→       The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003)    ② It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷)   ◆ 分词结构 ① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) ② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷Ⅱ) ③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷） ④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（2008年湖南卷） ◆ with结构    ① A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.     ② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand. ◆ 倒装句 ① The library is to the east of the teaching building. →    East of the teaching building is the library. ② Although we are tired, we are happy.→      Tired as we are, we are happy.    ③ Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷) ④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!（2007年湖南卷） ◆ 被动语态    ① Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002) ② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 Ⅳ) ③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) ◆ 巧妙的改写 （1）．Only 改成no one but    Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam. （2）．as soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The  moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started. （3）．have sb/sth do/done       The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.). （4）．变换插入语的位置       ① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →          They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)       ② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →         This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ) (5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句         Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→ Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.            (2002上海卷) Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2008年湖南卷）      ◆ 其它        （1）注重句子的开头            ① 用with复合结构开头             With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.             With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006年湖南卷） With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（2009年江苏卷）            ② 用非谓语动词形式开头               ⅰ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.               ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.         （2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好） ◆◆ 相关过渡语 1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last… 2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side… 3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise… 4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus… 5). 表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore,    in addition, on top of… 6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also… 7). 表示性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,      to conclude…