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[收稿日期]2007-06-05
[作者简介]张静,中国矿业大学管理学院副教授,主要从事技术
经济评价与决策、投资项目评估、项目管理等方面的研究。
巧用Excel实施项目的敏感性
张 静
(中国矿业大学 管理学院,江苏 徐州 221116)
[摘 要]本文在项目评价系统原理的基础上,
了一种用Excel进行敏感性分析的简便方法,创建了项目评价系
统体系与评价指标之间的计算关系,当不确定性因素变化时,财务报表的编制、数据的平衡和评价指标的计算自动
完成,减轻了敏感性分析的工作量。
[关键词]Excel;项目;敏感性分析
[中图分类号]F232;F275 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1673-0194(2008)03-0050-03
中 国 管 理 信 息 化
ChinaManagementInformationization
2008年2月
第11卷第3期
Feb.,2008
Vol.11,No.3
相关分录明细的分类信息,如会计事项记录日期或交易代
码等;分录明细主要是由会计科目和金额等资料所组成
的,如科目代码或借方金额等。为了与国际标准尽可能保
持一致,方便数据的交换,所以本文探讨建立的分类标准
采用与XBRLGL一致的层次关系。
(三)搜集数据
搜集财务事实的相关资料后,应按照XBRLGL的层
次关系输入一定形式的档案文件进行保存,这里可以采用
数据库或者电子表格等任何形式,没有特别的限制。在搜
集资料阶段,通常应对资料中存在的错误进行更正,主要
目的是与分类标准保持一致。
(四)输入、整理、测试与输出
搜集资料后,即可输入相关软件来建立分类标准,并
输出成为XSD文件。由于我国XBRLGL分类标准的建
立是以XBRLGL2005为基础,所以建立分类标准时首先
要把XBRLGLSchema等相关的规范输入。其次分类标
准必须由元素声明、属性声明、数据类型声明组成,而每一
元素都包含元素名称、置换组以及数据类型,因此也要进
行输入。在建立分类标准过程中,需要定义Calculation
Link、DefinitionLink和PresentationLink,CalculationLink
代表计算链接库,描述文件包含的元素之间的计算关系,
在XBRLGL中,因为财务报告各个项目之间的计算关系
在总分类账中并不适用,所以XBRLGL没有Calculation
Links。DefinitionLink代表定义链接库,描述文件中包含的
元素之间的层次结构关系,例如定义会计账簿元素和账簿
信息元素之间的关系,并且还可以增加;利用Show、Actu-
ate及Title属性来指明软件如何显示链接的内容、设定链
接的激活方式以及设定链接的标
。PresentationLink代
表展示链接库,描述文件中包含的元素之间的层次关系,
使用Order属性来表示元素的展现顺序。另外LabelLinks
用于说明不同国家语言的分类标准的各个元素之间的联
系。最终输出的XSD文件的框架由名称空间、import相关
规范的档案、Link、元素声明和数据类型声明组成。
主要参考文献
[1]潘琰,林琳.网络财务报告的基础:XBRL分类账[J].财经论丛,
2006,(1):50-55.
[2]杨周南,赵秀云.可扩展商业报告语言的发展与应用研究[J].中
国注册会计师,2005,(2):40-43.
[3]黄俊民.我国可扩展商业报告语言研究———基于XBRL的网络财
务报告[D].广州:暨南大学,2004.
一、问题的提出
敏感性分析是一种处理风险和不确定性问题的常用
方法,它是通过分析、预测主要因素变化对评价指标的影
响,以预测项目所承担的风险。它可以帮助决策者识别投
资机会中最值得注意的地方,从而为决策者提供制定决策
所需要的重要信息,指导决策者确定最值得深入研究的因
素。由于敏感性分析是在原有确定性数据的基础上进行
的,当一个因素变化时,相互关联的财务报表和各项评价
指标全部都要重新编制和计算,不仅工作量大,而且相当
烦琐。笔者利用Excel提供的功能,结合项目评价系统体
系,创建主要因素变化与评价指标之间的计算关系,以减
轻敏感性分析中复杂的运算及图表制作中的困难。
二、确定性条件下项目评价指标计算模型与相
关函数模型
1.评价指标计算模型
项目评价最常用的指标有内部收益率(IRR)和净现值
(NPV),在确定性条件下,其计算公式分别如下:
50
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