英语课件

nullBrain herniationBrain herniation suncc 2013.04.13What is brain herniation?What is brain herniation?Because of the grads of pressure in cranial cavity, a part of brain tissue protrude from normal or abnormal foramen into other cavity and compress important structure, and thus some typical manifestations present. This pathophysiological course is called brain herniation.Anatomy of cranial cavityAnatomy of cranial cavitySome anatomical structures in connection with brain herniationSome anatomical structures in connection with brain herniationSome types of brain herniationSome types of brain herniationtranstentorial herniation subfalcine herniation tonsillar herniation. Transtentorial herniation Transtentorial herniation Transtentorial herniation occurs when the medial aspect of the temporal lobe (uncus) migrates across the free edge of the tentorium. This causes pressure on the third cranial nerve, interrupting parasympathetic input to the eye and resulting in a dilated pupil. This unilateral dilated pupil is the classic sign of transtentorial herniation and usually (80%) occurs ipsilateral to the side of the transtentorial herniation. In addition to pressure on the third cranial nerve, transtentorial herniation compresses the brainstem, and thus coma and contralateral hemiplegia present. tonsillar herniationtonsillar herniationTonsillar herniation occurs when increased pressure develops in the posterior fossa. In this form of herniation, the cerebellar tonsils are displaced in the foramen magnum and compress on the lower brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord which is the center controlling of breath and blood circulation. Difference between transtentorial heniation and tonsillar herniationDifference between transtentorial heniation and tonsillar herniationSubfalcine herniationSubfalcine herniationSubfalcine herniation occurs when the cingulate gyrus is displaced across the midline under the free edge of the falx and the paracentral lobe is compressed which is responsible for the paralysis of contralateral leg. Treatment of brain herniationTreatment of brain herniationEmergent treatment Airway must be opened quickly. Supporting of blood pressure. Decreasing of increased intracranial pressure by diuretic drugs. Arranging operation as soon as possible. Surgical treatmentSurgical treatmentDrain of csf, which is applicable for hydrocephalus patients. External decompressing operation, mainly craniotomy. Removing of intracranial mass lesions. nullnursing of Brain herniationnursing of Brain herniation