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四级翻译真题、答案及解析

2013-09-27 11页 doc 84KB 83阅读

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四级翻译真题、答案及解析www.lucy365.com Lucy陪你说英语 快速提高英语口语秘笈 四级翻译真题、答案及解析 四级大纲样题   87.The substance does not dissolve in water ________________(不管是否加热)。   88.Not only _______________(他向我收费过高),but he didn’t do a good repair job either.   89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ...
四级翻译真题、答案及解析
www.lucy365.com Lucy陪你说英语 快速提高英语口语秘笈 四级翻译真题、答案及解析 四级大纲样题   87.The substance does not dissolve in water ________________(不管是否加热)。   88.Not only _______________(他向我收费过高),but he didn’t do a good repair job either.   89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ____________________(与我的相比)。   90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.   91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely____________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 参考答案:    大纲样题   87. whether (it is) heated or not   88. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me   89. compared with mine 或 in comparison with mine   90. half as much(money)   91. to attribute/ascribe their children’s success to 87.`本题考查对whether or not引导让步状语从句的掌握,当从句中的主语等同于主句中的主语,且从句中的结构是“主语+be”时,主语和谓语均可以省略) 88.本题考查对部分倒装的掌握。当句首出现not only或only时,句子应采用部分倒装的结构,即只需把助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。由后半句中的didn’t可知,此处的助动词应使用过去式,“收费过高”也可用overcharge) 89.本题考查compared with或in comparison with作状语的用法,“与…相比”可以用compared with或in comparison with表示) 90.本题考查对倍数表达法的掌握。当用as…as表达倍数时,常用结构为“A+谓语+倍数+as+计量形容词原形+as+B”, “一半”用half 表示) 91.本题考查对be likely to…及attribute…用法的掌握。be likely to为固定用法,意为“可能”其后接原形动词。)   06.6   87 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ______(找到去历史博物馆的路).   88 __________(为了挣钱供我上学), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.   89 The professor required that __________________(我们交研究)。   90 The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).   91 Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.  06.6   87. finding the way to the history museum   88. In order to support my university studies (或:to finance my education;to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees)   89. we(should) hand in our/the research report(s)   90. the more confused I am   91. he was fired by the company 次汉译英命题并没有在词汇方面设置很高的难度,仅涉及到history, museum, education, research, report, confused, company等基本词汇。对考生而言,选择正确的词形和句型则是更大的挑战。 如87题,题干中已经给出have no trouble,说明考察的是have (no)trouble (in) doing sth.这一词组,因此可以断定,关键采分点之一必然是看考生在答案中是否使用了动名词形式; 88题,需要翻译的是目的状语,因此最好的方式必然是以 “in order to”或“to”开头。这一题中给出的参考答案使用了finance的动词用法,但如果考生能够使用raise money, support等相对基础的词汇,相信仍然能够得分。 89题,require that是建议句型的一个变体,这个句型补全之后的形式应为 require that sb. (should) do sth.; 90题,是考生应该十分熟悉的the more…, the more… 句型;同时,对“糊涂”的正确译法“be confused”相信也应是关键采分点之一。 91题则是让步状语从句之后的主句,关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让步状语从句时,主句不应有but存在。   06.12    87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to___(适应不同文化中的生活)   88. Since my childhood I have found that ___________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)   89. The victim___________ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.   90.Some psychologists claim that people_________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独)   91.The nation’s population continues to rise_________ (以每年1200万人的速度)  06.12   87. adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures   88. nothing is more attractive to me than reading或to me, nothing is more important than reading   89. would have had a chance to survive或would have survived   90. might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling.   91. at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to____ (适应不同文化中的生活)   答案:adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures   常考词组adapt oneself to 这是往年词汇部分的常考重点词组,也是我们教学中一直强调的。其中最大的陷阱在于,其一,adapt需要增加一个反身代词作泛指主语oneself, 其二,to后面应该跟一个名词,或者动名词doing,而不可以直接跟动词原型作不定式。如果考生在to 后面直接加动词原型live则会马失前蹄。   88. Since my childhood I have found that _____ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)   答案:nothing is more attractive to me than reading或to me, nothing is more important than reading   本题考察固定搭配noting is more important than… 这是作文老师历来推崇的精彩搭配,此外,由于英语和汉语的语言差异,汉语中的一些动宾结构常常在英语中以不及物动词表示,比如唱歌 singing, 跳舞dancing, 开车driving 读书reading等等。因此,“读书”正确的译文不应是reading books, 而应是reading。至于该宾语从句的时态问题,则涉及到很多同学写作文时就时常困惑的一个问题。我们的建议是,当写作目的是叙述时,使用过去时,如果表达的内容是议论或者常识性、真理性内容,则即使主句是过去时,从句也应是现在时。   89. The victim_____ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time   答案:would have a chance to survive或would have a chance of survival   本题考点之一是与过去相反的虚拟语气的基本规则用法。考点之二是核心词汇survive (幸存)和基本词汇chance(机会)。   90.Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤独)   答案:might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling.   本题的语法考点仍是虚拟语气,考察了与六月份相同的考点――建议句型。本题的词汇考点是lonely(孤独)和alone(独自)的辨析,而“出门在外”,同学们完全可以用自己的语言表达出来。   91.The nation’s population continues to rise (以每年1200万人的速度)   答案:at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million   本题基本没有语法考点,词汇考点之一是词组at a speed of… (以……的速度)   07.6    87. The finding of this study failed to _____________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).   88.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________(我们可以合作的领域) .   89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete__________________(决定退出比赛).   90.To make donations or for more information, please ________(按以下地址和我们联系).   91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ______________(如果你方便的话).  07.6   87. take people’s sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration   88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate   89. decided to quit the match   90. contact us at the following address   91. at your convenience/if it is convenient for you 87.本题考查对take …into account/consideration的掌握。take …into account/consideration意为“把…考虑在内”, “人们的睡眠质量”用people’s sleep quality来表达。也可以用the quality of people’s sleep来表示 88.本题考查对定语从句的掌握。“领域”是the field,“我们可以合作的”作the field的定语从句,引导词可以用where/which,where可以省略,which后须加in 89.本句话是在陈述一件已经发生的事情,应用一般过去时态,因此用decided,“退出比赛”用quit the match来表示   90.该句的后半部分是由please祈使句,please后面应该跟原形动词。与某人联系一般用contact表达,介词at与其一起构成介宾短语,修饰contact)   91.本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句,“你方便的话”用it is convenient for you/at your convenience表示   07.12   87 __________(多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully.   88 In my sixties, one change I notice is that ______________(我比以前更容易累了).   89 I am going to pursue this course, _____________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).   90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ____________(它更方便和省时)   91 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.  07.12   87. Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions   88. I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before   89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay)   90. the former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time)   91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow(loan) 次考的翻译部分,难度比上几次略有加大,表现在要翻译的部分在中文表达上本身就长一些,而且所要翻译成的英语中运用的句型也要难一些,具体点评如下: 87. Owing to (或 thanks to) a series of new inventions (多亏了一系列的新发明),doctors can treat this disease successfully. 此句翻译的关键是“多亏了”这个短语,翻译成thanks to 或owing to 要比 because of 或due to 好得多。 88.In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am apt to 或 inclined to be more easily tired than before(我比以前更容易累了)。 此句中翻译比较结构不是难点,大家应该都能翻,但是如果把这句简单翻译成 I feel more easily tired 得分应该不会太高。 89. I am going to pursue this course, no matter whatever sacrifices I will make (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 此句的难点在于“无论”的翻译,no matter whatever 是重点。 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because the latter is more convenient and time-saving (它更加方便和省时). 注意开始的“它”如果简单翻译成“it”会有指代不清的嫌疑,而改用the former(前者)会更好一些。另外要注意convenient一词的拼写! 91.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is weighed upon how much they can borrow (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 此句翻译时一定要注意和后面how much they can earn 的呼应。   08.6    87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research______ .(能应用于新技术的开发)   88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ____________(一定出了毛病) with its operation system.   89. Leaving one’s job, ____________________,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.   90.________________________,(与我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting.   91.__________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.  08.6   87. can be applied to the development of the new technology.   88. must be wrong   89. whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is   90. Compared with the place where I grew up 91. Not until he had finished the mission 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of the new technology. (能应用于新技术的开发) 主要考察apply to用法,考生应注意不要写成apply for,这个是表示申请。 88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something must be out of control (一定出了毛病) with its operation system. 本题考察的是must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或动词的进行式。其实本道题换种形式我们平常也经常说,There is something out of control. 只不过这道题加上must表示推测,并用something作为主语。 89. Leaving one’s job, whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 当引导让步状语从句时,whatever与no matter what可以互换。当引导主语从句、宾语从句时,只能用wh-+ever, 如Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.这时不能用no matter+wh-。 90. Being compared with the place where I grew up,(与我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting. 这道题首先考察分词的独立主格结构,注意主语this town与动词的主被动关系,主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词;第二点需要注意的是“我成长的地方”考察的是定语从句,并且grew用过去时。 91. Not until he had finished the mission (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. not until这个句型已经是第二次考到了,这是属于否定前置引起倒装,请见06年12月新六级76题:Not until the deadline did he send out(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form. 两道题有类似之处,考生需要注意的是not until引起的倒装是主句倒装,从句不倒装,所以从句用正常语序,并要注意用过去完成时,以体现与主句的先后顺序。至于mission这个单词,如果考生有看过汤姆克鲁斯主演的著名影片“碟中谍”,不难知道这个影片片名是mission impossible,所以看电影也是不错的提高英语的手段。 08.12 87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_________(他们至今还没有答案) 88._________(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children. 89.You’d better take a sweater with you ________(以防天气变冷)。 90.Through the project, many people have received training and________(决定自己创业)。 91.The anti-virus agent was not known ____________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)。 08.12 87. which/that they haven’t found answers to 88. what most parents are concerned about 89. in case of temperature drop 90. decided to start their own business 91. until a doctor found it by chance 2008年12月20日四级翻译评析   整体而言,本次的翻译难度中等,主要侧重对各类从句的考察(87考定语从句,88主语从句,89和91考状语从句),以及时态、语态的正确使用。这些都是我们在课堂上反复跟大家强调过的,只要大家考前认真复习过讲义上所涉及的重点语法,相信这些句子不会是大家的“拦路虎”。   87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems   (他们至今还没有答案).   解析:做四六级的翻译题实质是在补全句子,所以已给出的英文和要翻译的中文都要分析清楚。本句中要翻译的是一句完整的话,而横线前是名词problems,因此显然是个定语从句的考点,可以选择that或which做关联词,核心动词搭配是have answers to,另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时的时态。   参考答案:which/that they haven’t found answers to   88. (大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.   解析:很显然本句缺主语,有两种方法处理:主语从句或名词短语,核心词汇“关心”可以用concern或care about,而且这样的表述大家在阅读文章中也见得很多。   参考答案:What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents   89. You’d better take a sweater with you (以防天气变冷).   解析:大家平时做题的时候应该养成“警觉性”,一看到“以防”,马上要反应出“in case”或“lest”这类的连词。如果用“in case”,后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型;如果是用lest,一般是用should+动词原型。   参考答案:in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold   90. Through the project, many people have received training and   (决定自己创业).   解析:本题的考察重点是不定式decide + to do,核心词组“自己创业”是四六级作文的热门话题,相信认真同学们都不回陌生。此外还要注意“决定”和“have received”是并列的。   参考答案:decided to start their own business   91. The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).   解析:本题考点是until引导的状语从句和被动语态的结合。“偶然”可以处理为by accident/chance或accidentally。 参考答案:until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor 87. You would not have failed if you ______ (按照我的指令去做).   真题解析:   (1)本句主要考查的是虚拟语气。通过主句的“would not have failed”(would not have done)结构,我们可以判断出全句表示与过去的事实相反,因此,if条件状语从句的时态应为过去完成时,即“had done”。虚拟语气是一大难点,很多考生经常会在虚拟语气上丢分。这就要求考生们在备考时加强对虚拟语气的复习。   (2)“按照……的指令”可译为“follow my instructions”,此词组属于四级考试考查的高频词组。   参考译文:had followed my instructions   真题链接:虚拟语气的考点在历年真题中曾多次出现,例如:   2009年6月四级翻译部分第88题:If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldn’t have been caught in the heavy rain (就不会被大雨淋着了).   2006年12月四级翻译部分第89题:The victim would have a chance to survive (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.   88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _____ (放弃对知识的追求).   真题解析:   (1)本句考查的关键点之一是时态问题。本句前半句的时态为一般过去时,后半句的时态应与前半句保持一致,也用一般过去时。   (2)本句考查的另一关键点是固定搭配。句中的“放弃”可译为“give up”;“对……的追求”可译为“pursue sth.”。要注意的是,“pursue”放在“give up”之后要用动名词形式。   参考译文:gave up pursuing knowledge   真题链接:“give up”和“pursue sth.”这两个词组在历年真题中曾多次出现,例如:   2006年6月四级阅读理解原文:Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years…. (最近几年,人们追求国际性职业的兴趣越来越浓厚。)   2003年四级简答题原文:A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. (Loues是一个真正的业余爱好者,他只接受了一辆马车和一匹马,之后就永远地放弃了跑步。)   2002年1月四级阅读理解原文:Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. (打猎就是带着一群经过特殊训练的狗满乡野地追捕狐狸,狗后面紧跟着骑马的男男女女。)   89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______ (我们找到治愈癌症的方法).   真题解析:   (1)本题不难,考查的知识点比较常用,主要考查的是时间状语从句。根据“it will be”和括号里的内容,我们可以推断出本句应使用连词“before”来引导要翻译的时间状语从句。   (2)时间状语从句的主干为“我们找到方法”,“治愈癌症的”作为定语修饰“方法”,在翻译时可利用“of…”结构将其处理成“方法”的后置定语,译为“the methods of curing cancers”。   参考译文:before we find the methods of curing cancers   真题链接:   2008年12月四级阅读理解原文:Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him but it would have prolonged his life. (早期检查和治疗也许无法让他的病痊愈,但原本是有可能延长他的生命的。)   2000年1月四级阅读理解原文:Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. (航空旅行也已轻而易举地确立了自己的地位——成为长途旅行最快捷的方式。)   90. Production has to be increased considerably to ________ (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).   真题解析:   (1)本题主要考查的是词组“与……保持同步”,将其译成英文为“keep pace with”。   (2)“不断增长的”可以译为“constantly increasing”或“ever-increasing”。   参考译文:keep pace with the constantly increasing/ever-increasing demands of consumers   真题链接:   2007年12月四级阅读理解原文:Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. (对物理科学和工程科学方面的资金支持几乎无法与同一时期的通货膨胀保持同步。)   91. The more exercise you take, _______ (你越不大可能得感冒).   真题解析:   (1)本题主要考查的是“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”结构。这个结构不仅在阅读理解的文章中多次出现,而且在翻译题型中也曾多次考到,几乎是必考考点之一。考生对于此结构要多熟悉,平时要多练习如何应用。   (2)“不大可能……”可以译为“less likely to do sth.”。   参考译文:the less likely you are to catch a cold   真题链接:   2007年12月四级阅读理解原文:The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. (注册不必到校上课的课程的学生人数越多,学校在用电、雇佣门卫、维护停车场等方面就节省的越多。)   2006年12月四级快速阅读第10题:Emotional energy is in a way different from physical energy in that the more you give, the more you get back. (精神能量和身体能量的不同之处在于,对于前者,你给予的越多,获得的回报也越多。) 2006年6月四级翻译部分第90题:The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂). 2010年6月大学英语四级翻译真题及答案 四级翻译题目 87、Because of noise outside,Nancy had great difficulty________(集中注意力在实验上) 88、The manager never laughed;neither________(她也从来没有发过脾气)。 89、We look forward to____________________( 被邀请出席开幕式). 90、It is suggested that the air conditioner ____________________(要安装在窗户旁边) 91、The 16 year old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite______(她父母的强烈反对) 参考答案 87、focusing on the experiment. 88、had temper before. 89、being invited to attend the opening ceremony. 90、is to be installed next to the window. 91、her parents' strong opposition 2010年6月大学英语四级翻译真题点评 87 Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty in focusing on the experiment. (集中注意力在实验上) 点评:have difficulty in doing sth.(in可以省略)这个搭配在2006年四级改革时的样卷中已经出过,当时是翻译“在找去博物馆的路方面有困难”。这次是重复出现,考前徐可风在文都的课堂上提到必需把历次真题及样卷的翻译看一看,写一写,就是因为徐可风已经意识到翻译题考点的高度重复性。 88 The manager never laughed; neither had she lost her temper. (她也从来没有发过脾气) 点评:考点是 部分倒装。部分倒装徐可风在文都的课堂上强调了两种情况,一种是否定词前置的(正如本题);另一种是only前置的。凡是在文都徐可风课堂上认真听课的考生,这道题如探囊取物。 89 We look forward to being invited to attend the opening ceremony (被邀请出席开幕式) 点评:考点是被动语态的变化形式,look forward to的to是介词,所以后面用-ing结构。关于被动的翻译方法,请参考文都徐可风的相关课堂笔记。 90 It is suggested that the air conditioner (should) be installed by the window.(要安装在窗户旁) 点评:考点是虚拟语气。Suggest等动词作主句谓语时,宾语从句往往用虚拟语气的表达,在表达过程中should可以省略。关于虚拟语气的翻译方法,请参考文都徐可风的相关课堂笔记。 91 The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite her parents’ strong objection.(她父母的强烈反对) 点评:考点是重要介词。关于重要介词的翻译方法,请参考文都徐可风的 备考建议   四级考试的汉译英翻译题主要考查考生的语言输出能力,旨在通过题目测试考生对四级大纲范围内的词汇、词组、句型、语法、惯用法等知识点的掌握情况。因此,相对其他题型,翻译要求考生所具有的语言运用能力更高。   在备考复习阶段,考生应首先掌握四级大纲范围内的高频词汇,并且要注意在背单词的同时掌握词汇常见的词组搭配和习惯用法。这是日后解决所有题型的基础。   此外,由于很多大学的公共英语课程都淡化了对于语法的学习,使得一些语法基础薄弱的考生失去了对高中阶段语法进行复习并加以巩固的机会,这就要求考生结合自身情况,主动加强对英语语法的学习,构建合理的语法框架。虽然目前四级考试中没有单独的语法考题,但语法知识会贯穿于所有题型之中,在翻译、写作、阅读等题型方面都会有所体现。   翻译能力的提高同时也会促进写作能力的提高,这要求考生能够对中文、英文两种语言的区别差异有比较深刻的理解。建议考生每天练习5~10句的英汉互译,可以先从短句做起,逐渐过渡到长难句的翻译。翻译材料可以选用任何正规出版社出版的大学英语教材或《新概念英语》等课本,每天逐句练习。通过大量而有效的练习,考生对于英汉句型的转换就会有全新的认识, 解决四级常遇到的翻译问题就会游刃有余。   在备考冲刺阶段,各位考生还应重视历年真题的作用。在前面的评析中,笔者在分析完每道真题后都给出了“真题链接”,但事实上,本次所考到的那些知识点在历年真题中出现的次数远远不止上文所罗列的几次,因限于篇幅,这里只选择了最具代表性的一些例句。通过仔细分析这些真题,我们会发现,所有题目均是考试大纲和大纲词汇表范围内的内容,而且复现频率非常高。因此,对于备考四级的考生来说,最为权威的备考材料就是历年真题,考生在考试前应把近五年内的十套真题都做一遍。除此之外,对于从真题中出的知识点,考生平时还要勤练、熟读,这样才能为考试打下坚实的基础。   在具体做翻译题时,考生应先通读题目,仔细读完英文部分的句子,判断其时态、语态、语气等内容,然后读括号内的中文,判断需要填入的内容在句子中起到什么作用,使用什么时态、语态、语气等。然后再选择恰当的词汇或词组,按照语法的要求填入英文句子中。最后再通读检查,防止出现笔误或拼写错误等。
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