2002年北京大学考博英语真题

北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试PartOne:StructureandWrittenExpressionDirection:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PuttheletterofyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20%)1.Thedoctor's____isthatshe'llsoonbeasgoodasnewifshetakesinsulinandwatchesherdiet.A.agnosticismB.anticipationC.diagnosisD.prognosis2.Itis____understoodbyallconcernedthatthewordnoonewhovisitshimeverbreatheasyllableofmhishearingwillremainforeverunspoken.A.uncommunicativelyB.acceptablyC.tacitlyD.taciturnly3.____springsnotoutoftrueanddeepadmiration,butmoreoftenoutofaself-seekingwishtoidentifywithsomeoneimportantorfamous.A.AcomplimentB.AnadulatoryC.FlatteryD.Praise4.Leavingforworkmplentyoftimetocatchthetrainwill___worryaboutbeinglate.A.ruleoffB.preventC.avoidD.obviate5.NicholasChauvin,aFrenchsoldier,airedhisvenerationofNapoleonBonaparteso_____andunceasinglythathebecamethelaughingstockofallpeopleinEurope.A.vociferouslyB.patrioticallyC.verboselyD.loquaciously6.Peoplesufferingfrom____prefertostayshutintheirhomesandbecomepanic-strickenmlargepublicbuildingsandopenfields.A,acrophobiaB.agoraphobiaC.claustrophobiaD.xenophobia7.Allnormalhumanbeingsare____atleasttoadegree--theygetafeelingofwarmthandkinshipfromengagingingroupactivities.A.segregatedB.congregationalC,gregariousD.egregious8.Heis___drinker,whohasbeenimbibingforsolongthathehasfigurativelyspeaking,grownoldwiththevice.A.aninveterateB.anincorrigibleC.achronicD.anunconscionable9.Welisteneddumb-struck,fullof_____,totheshockingdetailsofthecorruptionoftheex-presidentofthecompare.A.incredalityB.ingenuityC.ingenuousnessD.incredibility10.Toomuch___canpossiblyleadtounhappiness,eventothoughtsofsuicideasfewpeoplehavethecouragetoanalyzethemselvesobjectivelyandminutely.A.retrospectB.retrospectionC.perspicacityD.perspicuity11.Hydrocarbons,___byengineexhausts,reactwithnitrogenoxidesinthepresenceofsunlighttoformcomplextoxicgases.A.aregivenoffB.giveoffC.theyaregivenoffD.givenoff12.Hecouldhardly_____histemperwhenhesawthestateofhisoffice.A.holdinB.holdupC.holdoffD.holdout13.Thestatesmanwasevidently____bythejournalist'squestionsandglaredathimforafewseconds.A.putdownB.putoutC.putacrossD.putaway14.____,itiswidelyusedinmakingflaresandfireworks.A,AsthebrilliantwhitelightthatburningmagnesiumproducesB.BecauseofthebrilliantwhitelightofburningmagnesiumC.ThebrilliantwhitelightofburningmagnesiumD.Burningmagnesiumproducesabrilliantwhitelight15.____totellusthattheinterestoftheindividualshouldbesubordinatetothatofthecollective?A.WereyouusedB.AreyouusedC.DidyouuseD.Doyouused16.Iwouldhavegonetothelecturewithyou____Iwassobusy.A.exceptthatB.providedthatC.butthatD.onlythat17.Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect_____ahotelatthecomerofthestreet.A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkingintoB.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedintoC.getoffthetaxiandwalkintoD.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto18.Thechildis____alltheevidenceforhisopinion.A.notencouragedeithertobecriticalortoexamineB.encouragedeithertobecriticalnortoexamineC.eitherencouragedtobecriticalortoexamineD.neitherencouragedtobecriticalnortoexamine19.Tobesure,therewouldbescarcelynotimeleftoverforotherthingsifschoolchildren__allsidesofeverymatteronwhichtheyholdopinions.A.wouldhavebeenexpectedtohaveconsideredB.wereexpectedtoconsiderC.willbeexpectedtohavebeenconsideredD.wereexpectedtohaveconsidered20.Wheneverworkisbeingdone,energy___fromoneformintoanother.A.convertsB.convertedC.isconvertedD.isbeingconvertedPartTwo:ReadingComprehensionI.Direction:EachofthepassagesisfollowedbysomequestionsForeachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PatyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(10%)PassageOnTheAerospaceBicycleThatFelltoEarth(1)AradicalnewbicyclehaditsfirstpublicshowingattheNationalBritishCyclingChampionshipsinShrewsburylastweekend.Basedonthegoldmedal-winningdesignfromtheBarcelonaOlympics,itisthefirstcommercialmountainbikemadeofasinglepieceofcarbonfibre.(2)Bicyclesforamateurshaveuptonownommadeofsteelaluminiumormagnesiumtubesweldedtogetherintotheconventional"A-flame"shape.Butlastyear,theBritishcompetitorChrisBoardmansetworldrecordswhilewinningtitlesintheOlympiccyclingpursuiteventsonacustom-built,carbon-fibrebicyclewithlowerweightandwindresistancethanstandardmodels.Becausecarbonfibreisbothlightandextremelystrong,itdoesnotneedtheA-frameshape,savingfurtherweight.Carbonfibrecanalsobemouldedinasinglepiece,avoidingtheweaknessofwelds.(3),Thenewbike,whichwillcostbetween$2000and$3000whenitreachestheshopsnextmonth,hasthesameadvantagesastheOlympicmodel.Itweighsabout11kilograms,asavingof1.5kilogramsonmetalframes.Withnocrossbar,ithasalowercentreofgravity,makingiteasiertouseinraceconditions."Whenyou'redoingsomeaggressiveriding,youthrowthebikeaboutformsidetoside,"explainsEddieEccleston,,directorofBritishEagle,aBritishbicyclemanufacturerbasedinPowys,Wales,whichismarketingthebikes."Thelowcentreofgravitygivesyoubettercontrol."(4)TheframesarebeingmadeintheUSforBritishEaglebySPsystemsinCamarillo,California,whichhasclientsintheaerospaceindustry."Thisisaerospacetechnologybroughtintocyclingbyenthusiasts,"saysEccleston.WhenprofessionalstestedracingversionsofthebikebeforetheTourdeFrance,theywerequickerthanmetalversionsbyupto3secondsperkilometre.(5)Thenewdesignhasnostrutsbetweenthesaddleandthebackwheel;instead,theframe'sflexibilitycanbe"tuned"toindividualtastesbychangingthemixtureofKevlarfibreandcarbonfibreinthebackwheelstrut,allowingupto5centimetresofmovement.(6)Thecarbon-fibredesignhasalowercentreofgravityandsmootherback-wheelsuspensionthanconventionalbikes.2l.ThenewbicycleexhibitedattheNationalBritishCyclingChampionshipswasradicalbecause_____A.itwasmadefromthegoldmedal-winningdesignoftheBarcelonaOlympicsB.itwasthefastcommercialmountainbikeC.itspublicshowinglastweekendarousedmanypeople'scuriosityD.itwasmadeofonesinglepieceofcarbonfibre22.Accordingtothecontext,"bicyclesforamateurs"atthebeginningofthesecondparagraphreferstobicycles_____A.thatpeoplebuyonlyforridingintheirdailylifeBthatareboughtbyamateurcyclistswholikecyclingasanexerciseC.thatarebuiltforcustomersingeneralD.thatnon-Olympiccompetitorsuse23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?AThenewcommercialbikehasnocrossbaranditscentreofgravityislowerthantheOlympicmodel.B.Whentheriderisdoingsomeroughriding,thenewbike'slowcetnreofgravitygiveshimbettercontrol.C.Thenewbikeismadebyusingaerospacetechnologyandisquickerthantheconventionalbikeby3secondsperkilometre.D.Thenewbikehasnometalbarbetweenthesaddleandthebackwheel,andtheamountofcarbonfibreusedinthebackwheelcanbechangedaccordingtotheuser'staste.PassageTwoFreeAdviceIsJustAroundtheCorner(1)WhenDanielFranklin,apoliticalscienceprofessorfromAtlanta,neededcareeradvancementadvice,hedidn'tturntocolleagues,therapistsorevenhismom.(2)HewenttotheAdviceLadies.(3)ThreethirtysomethingNewYorkwomen,advertisingfreelancersbyday,haveturnedthemselvesintoSaturdayafternoonstreet-comeroracles,theypulluplawnchairsandatableonalowerManhattanstreetcomeranddishoutfreeadvicetopassersby.They'veclaimedthecomerofWestBroadwayandBroomeStreetinSohoastheirownforthelastseveralmonths.(4)AmyAlkon,who,withlongtimefriendsMarloweMinnickandCarolynJohnson,becomesapart-timeshrinkeachweekend."Weusecreativeproblem-solvingtoturnproblemintofun,"shesays.(5)Onarecentsteamyafternoon,alinehasformedinfrontoftheAdviceLadies'table.Obviously,NewYorkersneedplentyofhelp."Peoplefeeltheyhavenocontrolinthiscrazyworld.Andtherapycantakeyears,"Minnicksays."Wesolveproblemsinstantly,it'sinstantanswergratification'(6)Thethreebrainstormbeforedeliveringadviceoneverythingfrompetdiscipline,closet-spacemanagement,evenhaircare.Butnolegaladvice."Byfar,mostofourquestionsarelove-related.It'samazingtheintimatesexualproblemsthatpeoplewilldivulgetoatotalstranger,"Alkonsays.(7)Buttheywon'tbestrangersmuchlonger.TheAdviceLadiesareputtingtogetherabookdeal.AndRobertDeNiroiscrewingatalkshowaroundthem,duenationallythisfallfromhisTribecaPicutres.(8)"DeNiroaskedusforadvice,butwethinkhe'salreadyperfect,"purrsAlkon.(9)AndtheircareeradvicetoFranklin?"He'swrittenabook,sowetoldhimtogetamanagerandgoonthetouringcircuit.It'sgreatmoneyandgreatpublicityforthebook"(10)"Goodadvice,"saysFranklin.24.Therewere_____A.about30NewYorkwomenwhoofferedfreeadvicebydayB.threewomenfreelancersabout30yearsoldwhoofferedadvertisingadviceonSaturdayC.about30womenadvertisingfreelancersofferedadviceeverySaturdayafternooninNewyorkD.threewomenabout30yearsold,whodidadvertisingasajob,offeredfreeadviceeverySaturdayafternoon25.Theseadvisors____AchangedtheNewYorkstreetcomersintooraclesB.usedtheNewYorkstreetcomersastheiradviceofficeC.satatastreetcomertogivepeoplefreeadviceD.madeastreetcomertheirplacetopredictthefuturetopassersby26.NewYorkerscametotheAdviceLadiesbecause____A.theladies'advicewasquickandeffectivetosolveproblemsB.NewYorkersfeltitwasdifficulttoliveinthiscrazyworldCMedicaltherapycouldnetsolvepeople'sproblemsD.NewYorkwasacrazyplaceanditsinhabitantsneedplentyofhelp27.IntheseventhparagraphwereadthattheAdviceLadieswon'tbestrangersforlongbecause____A.theyaredealingwithabooktogetherandaTVmaniswritingatalkshowaboutthemB.theyaregoingtosellabookaboutthemselvesandalsoappearonaTVshowC.theywillbuyabookthroughadealandappearinafilminthecomingfallseasonD.theywillgettoknoweachotherbetterbyworkingonabookandappearinginaTVshowtogetherPassageThreeTheAmericanPresidentialGalaof1993(1)Mixingpopulismandcelebrity,Clintondancesintoofficewithaweek-longmultimillion-dollarpartyfullofstars,saxophonemusicandpresidentialhugs.(2)ThePartywasheldmawayneverseensinceWorldWarII.Manymovieandmusicstarsshowedup,offeringtheirwishestoanewadministration.Theysangsongslike"Youknow,Bill'sgonnagetthisCountrystraight"'93!Youandme!U-ni-tee!/TimetoparteewithBigBillandHillaree."(3)ThestarscameoutinconstellationbecausetheyrecognizedinClintononeoftheirown.Notjustthatheplaysthesaxophone,alittle.OrthatHillaryisasmart,toughlawyer,likemostHollywoodmoguls.WhatmattersisthatClintonisabeaconofmiddle-classcharm,aloverofbeingloved,abelieverintheimportanceofimage,metaphor,style.Andheisanacemanipulatorofmedia,sellinghissymbolsdirectlytothepeopleonTV,withouttheinterferenceofnosyjournalists.Itallmakesfarawondrous'90sblendofshowbizandpolitic.(4)"Thisisourtime,"ClintonsaidinhisInauguralAddress."Letusembraceit."Lastweekhehadanembraceforeveryone,andnotjustthestars.Thishuggy-bearPresidentneedstofeelthepublic'sapproval.(5)Atoneoftheballsoftheweek,Clintonwaslikethecollegestudentwhodropsinthenightbeforetheexamtoshowhe'soneoftheguys,thensneaksbacktohisdormtocram.PerhapsthereisasmuchNixoninhim(theambition,theintellect)asKennedy(thecharm,therecklessness,hispositionascentristcustodianofliberaldreams).Hewillneedtobethebestofbothmenifheistoclose,ashesaidlastweek,"thegapbetweenourwordsandourdeeds."(6)Duringthegala,actorEdwardJamesOlmosquotedLincoln:"Wemustdisenthrallourselves,andthenweshallsaveourcourntry."Clinton,agoodstudentwithagoodmemory,mouthedthewordsasOlmosspokethem.Clintonmusthaverealizedthat,inadifferentsenseanddifferentera,Americafacesthetaskofdisenthrallingitself,ofshakingofftheHollywoodstardustandfacingfacts.(7)In1992Clintonvendedoptimism;nowhemustbecarefulinsayingso.Hesoldthenationamiracleproduct,ALL-NEWHOPE:itgivesyoucleaner,cheapergovernmentwithafreshmintyflavor.Butifitdoesn'tgetthestainsout,theelectorate'shighhopescouldsourintodespair.ThenthemancalledHopewillbecomethemancalledHype.Allthebigstarsandbetterangelswillleavehimoutinthespotlight,stranded,unmasked.28.Themeaningof"Clintondancesintohisoffice,withaweek-longmultimillion-dollarpartyfullofstars,saxophonemusicandpresidentialhugs"inthefirstparagraphis:A.Clintonheldapartyanddancedwithfilmstarsandmusicians,andhuggedhisguestsB.ClintonwentintohisofficefollowedbyrichfilmstarsandmusicianswhowantedtobehuggedbythepresidentC.Clintonstartedhistermofpresident'sworkwithaweek-longgalaofcelebritiesandmusictocelebratetheeventD.Clintonspentagreatdealofmoneytogiveapartyofdanceandmusictopleasethefilmstarsandimportantpeople29.Bysaying"Bill'sgonnagetthisCountrystraight",thepartyattendantsbelievethat____A.MoneybillsareimportantingettingthingsdonefortheUnitedStatesB.ThepresidenthasgottodoawonderfuljobtosaveAmericaC.ClintonwillchangetheUnitedStatestoafreecountryD.ClintonisgoingtosolvetheproblemsoftheUnitedStates30.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?A.Atoneoftheballs,Clintonappearedshortlyandthenleftinaquietwaytodohiswork.B.ClintonwascertainlyacombinationofbothNixonandKennedy.C.ClintonsaidatthePartythathewasgoingtoclosehismouthandworkharder.D.WhenOlmosquotedLincoln,ClintonrepeatedthewordsasOlmosspokethem.II.Direction:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.(15%)Medicalconsumerism--likeallsortsofconsumerism,onlymoremenacingly--isdesignedtobeunsatisfying.(31)Theprolongationoflifeandthesearchforperfecthealth(beauty.youth,happiness)areinherentlyself-defeating,Thelawofdiminishingreturnsnecessarilyapplies.Youcanmakehigherpercentagesofpeoplesurviveintotheireightiesandnineties.But,asanygeriatricwardshows,thatisnotthesameastoconferenduringmobility,awarenessandautonomy.(32)growsmedicallyfeasible,butitisoftenalifedeprivedofeverythingandoneexposedtodegradingneglectasresourcesgrowover-stretchedandpolitiesturnmean.Whatanignominiousdestinyformedicineifitsfuturetamedintooneofbestowingmeagerincrementsofunenjoyedlife!Itwouldmirrorthefateofathletics,inwhichdisproportionateenergiesandresources--notleastmedicalones,likeillegalsteroids--arenowinvestedtoshaverecordsbymilliseconds.And,itgoeswithoutsaying,thelogicalextensionoflongevism--the"abolition"ofdeath--wouldnetbeasolutionbutonlyanexacerbation.(33)Toairthesepredicamentsisnotanti-medicalspleen--achurlishreprisalagainstmedicineforitsvictories--butsimplytofacethegrowingrealityofmedicalpowernotexactlywithoutresponsibilitybutwithdissolvinggoals,(34)Hencemedicine'sfinesthourbecomesthedawnofitsdilemmasForcenturies,medicinewasimpotentandhenceunproblematic,FromtheGreekstotheGreatWar,itsjobwassimpletostrugglewithlethaldiseasesandgrossdisabilities,toensurelivebirths,andtomintagepain.Itperformedtheseuncontroversialtasksbyandlargewithmeagersuccess.Today,withmissionaccomplished,medicine'striumphsaredissolvingmdisorientation,(35)Medicinehasledtovastlyinflatedexpectations,whichthepublichaseagerlyswallowed.Yetastheseexpectationsgrowunlimited,theybecomeunfulfillable.Thetaskfacingmedicineinthetwenty-firstcenturywillbetoredefineitslimitsevenasitextendsitscapacities.PartThree:ClozeTestDirection:FillineachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagewithONEsuitablewordtocompletethepassagePutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10%)For______(36)thebloodshedandtragedyofD-Day,thebeachesofNormandywillalwaysevokeacertain______(37):ayearningforatimewhennationsinthecivilizedworldburiedtheirdifferencesandcombinedtoopposeabsoluteevil,whenvaluesseemedclearerandtheretableconsequencesofwarstopped______(38)oftheannihilationofhumanity.ButoverhalfacenturyaftertheAllieshitthosewave-batteredsandflatsandtoweringcliffs,theNormandyinvasionstandsasafeat_______(39)toberepeated.Therewillneverbe____(40)D-Day.TechnologyhaschangedtheconditionsofwarfareinwaysthatnoneoftheD-Dayparticipantscouldhave__(41),Ali-outwarinthebeginningsofthiscenturywouldsurelyspellall-out_____(42)forthebelligerents,andpossiblyfortheentirehumanrace.Nocrediblescenarioforafutureworldwarwouldallowtimeforthemassivebuildup'ofconventionalforcesthatoccurredinthe1940s.ThemoralequivalentoftheNormandyinvasioninthenuclearagewouldinvolveapresidentialdecisiontoputtensofmillionsofAmericanlivesat_____(43).AndthepossiblebenefitsfortheallieswouldbeuncertainatbestEuropeandefenseexpertsoftenaskwhethertheU.S.wouldbewillingto"tradePittsburghfor'Dusseldorf.”Inpractice,thequestionmaywellbewhetheritisworth____(44)AmericancitiestoavengeaEuropealready_____(45)torubble.PartFour:ProofreadingDirections:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogetherl0mistakes,oneineachunderlinedsentenceorpart.ofasentence.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordorjustdeleteaword.lfyouchangeaword,crossitoutwithaslash(\)andwritethecorrectword.lfyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthewords(inbracket3)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutwithaslash(\),Putyour,answersintheANSWERSHEET.(10%)Examples:eg.1(46)Themeetingbegun2hoursagoCorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(46)begunbeganeg.2(47)Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(47)(Scarcely)had(they)eg.3(48)NeverwillInotdoitagain.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(48)not(46)Astateuniversitypresidentwasarrestedtodayandchargedwithimpersonateapoliceofficerbecause,theauthoritiessay,hepulledoveraspeedingdriverherelastmonth.(47)Usingflashingheadlights,RichardL.Judd,64,thepresidentofCentralConnecticutStateUniversity.madethedriver,PeterBaba24.ofPlainville.pullonJan,23.thestatepolicesaid.(48)Hethenflashedagoldbadgeandbarkedathimforspeed,theysaid.(49)Mr.JuddisNewBritain'spolicecommissionerfrom1981to1989andfromI993to1995.(50)ButDetectiveHaroldGannonoftheNewBritainpolicesaidtodaythatthejobinvolvedmorepolicyaspolicework,anddidnotincludetheauthoritytochargeorchidecriminals.(51)Thegoldbadgewasmereauniversityaward.(52)ThegovernorsaidhewouldnotaskforaresignationbecauseMr.Juddhadmadea"misjudgment"andhadwrittenaletterofapologizing.(53)Later,Mr.Judd'slawyer,PaulJ.Mcouillan,issuedalongapologyfromhissuperior,whomhedescribedas"thebestthingtohappentoNewBritain."(54)"MyexperienceandinstinctasanE.M.T.andformerpolicecommissionerpromptedmetoinvolvemyselfwiththismatter,"Mr.Juddsaidinthestatement.(55)"Inhindsight,Iseeitwasminetomanage."PartFive:WritingDirection:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow:(15%)Topic:Writem250-300wordsaboutChina’sautoindustry.