足球英文术语

Vocabularyhttp:www.bbc.co.ukworldservicelearningenglishgrammarvocabularyfootball.shtml Football BASICS amatchtwoteamsplayingagainsteachotherina90minutegameoffootballapitchtheareawherefootballersplayamatcharefereethepersonwhomakessurethattheplayersfollowtherules.Normallywearsablackshirtandshorts,andhasawhistlealinesman(referee'sassistant)thepersonwhosemaindutyitistoindicatewithaflagwhentheballhasgoneoutofplayorwhenaplayerisoffsideagoalkeepertheplayeringoalwhohastostoptheballfromcrossingthegoalline.Theonlyplayerwhoisallowedtohandletheballduringopenplayadefenderaplayerwhoplaysinthepartofthefootballteamwhichtriestopreventtheotherteamfromscoringgoals,e.g.'KoloTouréisadefenderandplaysindefenceforArsenalandIvoryCoast'.amidfielderamidfielderaplayerwhoplaysmainlyinthemiddlepartofthepitch(ormidfield),e.g.MichaelEssienisamidfielderandplaysinmidfieldforChelseaandGhanaanattackeralsocalledaforward;aplayerwhosedutyitistoscoregoals,e.g.SamuelEto'oisanattackerandplaysinattackforBarcelonaandCameroonaskippertheplayerwholeadsateam,alsocalledthecaptainasubstituteaplayerwhositsonthebenchreadytoreplaceanotherteammateonthepitch.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.themanagerwasnothappywithhisattackerandsubstitutedhimafter60minutesamanagerthepersoninchargeofateamandresponsiblefortraining,newplayersandtransfers.Forexample,AlexFergusonisthemanagerofManchesterUnitedafoulaviolationoftherules.Forexample,ifaplayerotherthanthegoalkeeperhandlestheballinthepenaltybox(orpenaltyarea)itisafoulandapenaltyisgiventotheotherteamabookingayellowcardshowntoaplayerbytherefereeforaseriousfoul.Twobookingsoryellowcardsresultinaredcardorsendingofffulltimethepointofthegamewhentherefereeblowsthefinalwhistleandthematchisover.Normallyafter90minutesandanyaddedinjuryorstoppagetimeinjurytimealsocalledstoppagetime,addedminutesattheendoftheregularplayingtimeathalftimeorfulltime.Entirelyatthereferee'sdiscretionandnormallyindicatedbyanofficialonthesideline(ortouchline)extratimeifamatchhasnowinneratfulltime,2x15minutesofextratimemaybeplayedinsomecompetitionsoffsideinapositionwhichisnotallowedbytherulesofthegame,i.e.whenanattackingplayerisclosertotheopposingteam'sgoallineatthemomenttheballispassedtohimorherthanthelastdefenderapartfromthegoalkeeper BacktoTop SCORING thescoretherecordofgoalsthatindicateswhoiswinning.Thefinalscoreistheresultthatdecideswhohaswonthematch.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.theattackerscoredabeautifulgoaltoconcedetoallowagoalin,theoppositeofscoringagoal.Forexample,GhanaconcededonlyfourgoalsintheWorldCupqualifyinggroup2agoalasuccessfulattemptatscoringachievedbyputtingtheballoverthegoallineintothegoalpastthegoalkeeper.Forexample,GyanAsamoahhasscoredabeautifulgoalforGhanaanowngoalagoalscoredaccidentallybyamemberofthedefendingteamthatcountsinfavouroftheattackingteamtheleadwhenateamscoresfirstitisinthelead,i.e.winningthematchatthepointofscoring.Forexample,FabriceAkwa'searlygoalgaveAngolatheleadafter72minutesbutthefinalscorewas11(oneall)anequaliseragoalthatcancelsouttheopposingteam'sleadandleavesthematchtiedordrawn.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.MarouanChamakhequalisedforMoroccoafter40minutesandbroughtthescoreleveltowinamatchinwhichateamisvictoriousandbeatstheotherteam.Awinnormallygivesthewinningteamthreepoints,thelosingteamdoesnotgetanypoints.Morecommonlyusedasaverb,e.g.BrazilwontheWorldCupin2002adrawamatchthatendsinatie,i.e.hasnowinnerorloser.Theteamsgetonepointeachforadraw.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.Congodrew00(nilall)withSenegalinJuneadefeatamatchthatislost,theoppositeofawin.Forexample,SudansufferedahomedefeattoZambiainSeptember2002toknockouttoeliminateanotherteamfromacompetition.Forexample,inthelastWorldCupBrazilknockedoutEnglandinthequarterfinalsapenaltyshootoutinaknockoutcompetition,apenaltyshootouttakesplaceifamatchisadrawafterfulltimeorextratime.Fiveplayersfromeachteamtakeapenaltyeach,andifthescoreisstilllevelafterthat,oneplayerfromeachteamtakesapenaltyinturn,inordertodecidewhowinsthematchagoaldifferenceIfteamAhasscoredfourgoalsandteamBone,thegoaldifferenceisthreeaheadtoheadawayofdecidingwhichteamisrankedhigheriftwoteamsarelevel(orequal)onpoints.Forexample,ifteamAandBbothhavesixpoints,butteamAbeatteamBintheheadtoheadgame,teamAwillberankedaboveteamBaplayoffanextramatchtodecidewhichoftwoormoreteamsshouldgothroughtothenextround.Forexample,AustraliabeatUruguayonpenaltiesinaplayofftoqualifyfortheWorldCup2006theawaygoalruleinsomecompetitions,e.g.theUEFAChampions'League,arulethatrewardsteamsforscoringawayfromhomeovertwolegs(ormatches).Forexample,in2005ACMilanbeatPSVEindhoven20athome(inMilan)butlost13awayinHolland.Sobothteamshadscoredthreegoalsandconcededthreegoals,butbecauseACMilanhadscoredagoalawayfromhomeitwentthroughtotheChampions'Leaguefinalontheawaygoalrule BacktoTop TYPESOFSHOT tokicktohitsomething,orsomebody,withyourfoot.Infootball,theplayerskicktheball.toshoottokicktheballtowardsthenetatoneendofthepitch(thegoal)inanattempttoscoreagoalthekickoffthefirstkickofthegamewhentwoplayersfromthesameteaminthecentrecircleplaytheballandstartthematch.Alsothefirstkickafterhalftimeorafteragoalhasbeenscoredagoalkickakicktakenfromthe6yardlinebythedefendingteamaftertheballhasbeenputoverthegoallinebytheattackingteamafreekickthekickawardedtoateambytherefereeafterafoulhasbeencommittedagainstitapenaltyafreeshotatgoalfrom12yards(11metresorthepenaltyspot)awardedbytherefereetoateamafterafoulhasbeencommittedinthepenaltyareaacornerakickfromthecornerflagawardedtotheattackingteamwhentheballhascrossedthegaolline(orbyline)afterlastbeingtouchedbyaplayerofthedefendingteamathrowinathrowistakenfromthesideline(ortouchline)aftertheballhasgoneoutofplay.Theonlytimeaplayercanhandletheballwithoutcommittingafoulapassakickoftheballfromoneplayertoanother.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.thedefenderpassedtheballtothemidfielderacrossapassfromthesideofthepitchintothepenaltyareainanattempttofindanattackerandscoreagoal.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.thedefendercrossedtheballintothepenaltyareaaonetwoapassingmoveinwhichplayer1passesthefootballtoplayer2,whoimmediatelypassesitbacktoplayer1aheadertheshotthatoccurswhenaplayertouchesandguidestheballwithhisorherhead.Forexample,ElHadjiDjoufscoredwithafineheader.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.thedefenderheadedtheballbacktothegoalkeeperabackheelakickwheretheballishitwiththeheel(ortheback)ofthefoot.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.NwankwoKanubackheeledtheballtoThierryHenrytovolleytokickamovingballfromtheairbeforeithitstheground.Canalsobeusedasanoun,e.g.JayJayOkocha'sbeautifullystruckvolleybeatthegoalkeeperatthenearpostaclearanceadefensivekickthatisintendedtoputtheballoutofdanger,e.g.PeterOdemwingie'sclearancewentoutofplayforathrowin BacktoTop READINGTHEPRESS onetouchfootballanoftenadmiringreferencetoastyleoffootballinwhichateamcanpasstheballquicklyfromoneplayertoanotherwithouttheneedtocontrolitwithmorethanonetouchthelongballgameanoftendisapprovingreferencetoastyleoffootballinwhichateampreferstoplaylongballsinthehopethatanattackingplayerwillgetthem,flickthemonorscorekeeppossessiontobeabletokeeptheballandpreventtheopposingteamfromtouchingit.Theoppositeoflosepossessionorgivetheballawaytheyaredangerousonthecounterattackreferringtoateamthatcanswitchquicklyfromdefencetoattackandscoregoalsinthatwayputelevenmenbehindtheballreferringtoateamthatdefendswithalltheplayersandisnotveryinterestedinscoringgoals.Forexample,manyvisitingteamsputelevenmenbehindtheballandarehappywitha00drawwhentheyplayRealMadridattheBernabéustadiumsendthekeeperthewrongwayreferstothewayinwhichaplayercanfoolthegoalkeeperandpretendtoshootatonesideofthegoalwhiletheballgoesinanotherdirection.Thisexpressionisusedoftenduringpenaltiesaclinicalfinishreferringtoawellplaced,controlledshotfromascoringpositionthatendsinagoal.Forexample,Tunisia'sHatemTrabelsicontrolledthepassandscoredwithaclinicalfinishhisherfirsttouchlethimherdownthismeansaplayerwasunabletocontroltheball(orpass)withhisorherfirsttouchandasaresultlostprecioustimeorevenpossessiontheyarestrongintheairreferringtoateamthathasalotof(tall)playerswhocanheadtheballverywell.Asaresult,theyarestrongintheair,maypreferthelongballgame,andscorealotofgoalswithheaderswhilenotconcedinganyormanyheadedgoalsthemselvestheyhaveabigphysicalpresencereferringtoateamthathasalotofbigandphysicallystrongplayersand,asaresult,prefersaveryrobuststyleofplay.Forexample,BoltonWanderershaveabigphysicalpresenceandareadifficultteamtobeatinthePremiershipthegoalkeeperisquickoffhisherlinereferringtoagoalkeeperwhoisfastandmakesquick(andnormallycorrect)decisionsastowhentoleavethegoalinordertopreventanattackingplayerfromreachingapassorcrossthatshotstungthegoalkeeper'spalmsreferringtoashotongoalthatissohardthatthegoalkeepermightwellhavefeltpainwhenheshestoppeditwithhisherhandsaprolificgoalscorerreferringtoaplayer,normallyastriker,whoscoresorhasscoredalotofgoals.Forexample,HenrikLarssonisaprolificgoalscorerforSwedenthefoulearnedhimherasuspensionreferringtoafoulthatispunishedbyayelloworredcardandresultsintheplayerbeingbannedfromplayinginthenextgame(s).Forexample,thetwofootedtackleearnedthedefenderasuspensionandhewillmissthenextgame BacktoTop TALKINGWITHFRIENDS putitinthebackofthenettoscoreagoal,e.g.NigeriaandMiddlesbroughstrikerAiyegbeniYakubucontrolledthecrossandcalmlyputitinthebackofthenetmanon!shoutduringafootballmatchtowarnateammatethataplayeroftheotherteamisrightbehind.Oftenacalltopasstheballquicklyanutmegatrickortechniqueinwhichaplayerpassestheballthroughanopponent'slegsandthencollectsitfromtheotherside.Canalsobeusedasaverb,e.g.theattackernutmeggedthedefenderbangitinthemixer!ashouttoencourageaplayertoplayalongballintothepenaltyarea(i.e.themixer)inthehopethatanattackingplayerwillgetontheendofitandscorewewasrobbedanexpressiontosignalthatadefeatwasunjust,possiblyduetoaninjusticecommittedbysomebodyelse.Forexample,wewasrobbedbytheref(thereferee)she'sgotasweetleftfootreferringtoaplayerwhoisveryskilfulatkickingtheballwithherhisleftfoot(themajorityoffootballersplaywiththeirrightfoot)shepulledoffagreatsavereferringtoaverystrong,quickoracrobaticstopofashotbythegoalkeepertheyhitthewoodworkthecrossbarorthepostofthegoal.Thisexpressionmeansateamkickedtheballagainstthecrossbarorpostandwasveryunluckynottoscoretheygotstuckinreferringtoateamwhoseplayersshowedalotofdeterminationandfoughtveryhardduringamatchsheranthedefenceraggedreferringtoanattackingplayerwhomadethedefenceworkveryhardandmadethedefenderslookuncomfortableorunprofessionalshe'sgotalotofpacethisplayerisveryfastthegoalkeepermadeahowlerthismeansthegoalkeepermadeaverybasicmistake(andprobablyletinagoal)toswitchplaytochangedirectionofplayandpasstheballfromonesideofthepitchtotheother.Forexample,sheswitchedplayfromlefttorightwing(thelefthandsideofthepitchtotherighthandside)shemadeanuisanceofherselfhimselfreferringtoaplayer,normallyastriker,whofoughtveryhardandusedhisphysicalpresencetoputthedefendersunderpressureandforcedthemtomakemistakesit'sagameoftwohalvesanexpressionreferringtothefactthatafootballmatchcanchangeunexpectedlyover90minutes,andespeciallybetweenthefirsthalfandsecondhalfofthematch 1