The-solitary-reaper孤独的割麦女☆写作背景☆华兹华斯生于英格兰西北部湖区一律师家庭,八岁时离家求学,爱好大自然和诗歌。1787年进剑桥大学。1790年暑期徒步游历法国、瑞士、意大利。1791年毕业后徒步漫游了威尔士。他曾多次到苏格兰各地游历,广泛接触大自然和乡村风土民情。这首诗据说就是他游历时的收获;另一种说法认为是诗人读了朋友哈金森的一则日记后写的。哈金森在日记中写道,在一次远足中,他偶然看到一位苏格兰高地农家女在麦田里一面劳作,一面唱歌。歌声悠扬哀婉,凄切动人。这些材料经过诗人点化,成了这首脍炙人口的抒情诗。Beholdher,singleinthefield, YonsolitaryHighlandLass! Reapingandsingingbyherself; Stophere,orgentlypass! Aloneshecutsandbindsthegrain Andsingsamelancholystrain; Ohlisten!Forthevaleprofound Isoverflowingwiththesound.看她,在田里独自一个, 那个苏格兰高原的少女! 独自在收割,独自在唱歌; 停住吧,或者悄悄走过去! 她独自割麦,又把它捆好, 唱着一只忧郁的曲调; 听啊!整个深邃的谷地 都有这一片歌声在洋溢Stanza1:ThepoetheardaScottishgirlsingingwhilereapinginthewheatfield.诗人描写个卖女独自一人边收割边歌唱的情景,特别突出了其孤独的形象。祈使句是本节的突出的特征,如“Beeholdher,singleinthefield""Oh,listen!"这首诗是诗人的回忆,诗人采用祈使句引起读者视觉注意力,刻画出割麦女的形象。孤独是此节的主
,诗人使用了四个
示”孤独“的词和词组,”single,alone,solitary,byherself"作者还用“flow"(流动)描写歌声,将其比作山涧的流水。NoNightingaledideverchauntMorewelcomenotestowearybandsOftravellersinsomeshadyhaunt,AmongArabiansands.Avoicesothrillingne'erwasheardInspring-timefromtheCuckoo-bird,BreakingthesilenceoftheseasAmongthefarthestHebrides.从没有夜莺能够唱出 更美的音调来欢迎结队商, 疲倦了,到一个荫凉的去处 就在阿拉伯沙漠的中央; 杜鹃鸟在春天叫得多动人, 也没有这样子荡人心魂, 尽管它惊破了远海的静悄, 响彻了赫伯里底斯群岛。Stanza2:Thepoetissurprisedtohearabeautifulsonginsoremoteaplace.此节着重描写割麦女音质的甜美和不同寻常。诗人没有直接说,而是用她的歌声与自然界两种鸟的歌声相比。”nightingle(夜莺)和”cuckoo-bird"(布谷鸟),两者的联想意义都是象征。前者是美的象征,后者是春天的象征。此外,“Arabiansands(阿拉伯大沙漠)和”Hebrides"(赫布里底群岛)使人联想到空旷荒凉。诗人选择者两个情景和鸟的声音比较。Willnoonetellmewhatshesings?—PerhapstheplaintivenumbersflowForold,unhappy,far-offthings,Andbattleslongago.Orisitsomemorehumblelay,Familiarmatterofto-day?Somenaturalsorrow,loss,orpain,Thathasbeen,andmaybeagain?她唱的是什么,可有谁说得清? 哀怨的曲调里也许在流传 古老,不幸,悠久的事情, 还有长远以前的征战; 或者她唱的并不特殊, 只是今日的家常事故? 那些天然的丧忧、哀痛, 有过的,以后还会有的种种?Stanza3:Thepoetdoesn’tunderstandhersongbutknowsitisaboutsomethingsad.此节是关于割麦女歌声的
和主题。该节用了3个疑问句,起启发读者思考的作用。第二行的“perhaps"和第八行的”may"也增加了诗的感染力。诗人对歌的内容和主题作了3个猜测。还用了很多悲伤的词“battle.humble,sorrow...以此突出劳动人民的艰辛。Whate'erthetheme,theMaidensangAsifhersongcouldhavenoending;Isawhersingingatherwork,Ando'erthesicklebending;—Ilistened,motionlessandstill;And,asImountedupthehill,ThemusicinmyheartIbore,Longafteritwasheardnomore.不管她唱的是什么题目, 她的歌好像会没完没了, 我看见她边唱边干活, 弯着腰,挥动她的镰刀—— 我一动也不动,听了许久; 后来,当我上山的时候, 我把歌声还记在心上, 虽然早已听不见声响Stanza4:Thepoetwassomovedbyhersongthathecouldneverforgetit.此节诗人描写歌声对他的感染:割麦女的歌声就像生活之音,没有终结。最后两行,诗人把”themusic"置在有标记的主题位置,“inmyheart"也强调了歌声在诗人心中的位置。1Beholdher,singleinthefield,2YonsolitaryHighlandLass!3Reapingandsingingbyherself;4Stophere,orgentlypass!vt.lookat=yonder:overthere苏格兰西北部高原Thepoethesitates.or恐惊5Aloneshecutsandbindsthegrain,6Andsingsamelancholystrain;7Olisten!fortheValeprofound8Isoverflowingwiththesound.哀伤的曲调=valley=girlHervoiceislikewater.捆1NoNightingaledideverchaunt2Morewelcomenotestowearybands3Oftravellersinsomeshadyhaunt,4AmongArabiansands=chant歌唱可爱的音符groupoasis绿洲wheretravellerstakearestunderthetrees.desertsinmostoftheArabianPeninsula半岛nightingale夜莺abirdgoodatsinging5Avoicesothrillingne'erwasheard6Inspring-timefromtheCuckoo-bird,7Breakingthesilenceoftheseas8AmongthefarthestHebridescharming=neverherald信使ofspring,cominginAprilandleavinginAugustIrelandEnglandScotlandHebridesInSpringpeopleontheHebridesareexcitedtohearthecuckoo’ssongafteralongwinter’ssilence.1Willnoonetellmewhatshesings?2Perhapstheplaintivenumbersflow3Forold,unhappy,far-offthings,4Andbattleslongago:sad音符areabout(Hersongislikewater.)longtimeago5Orisitsomemorehumblelay,6Familiarmatterofto-day?7Somenaturalsorrow,loss,orpain,8Thathasbeen,andmaybeagain?低俗的小调suchasthenaturaldeathofherparents1Whate'erthetheme,theMaidensang2Asifhersongcouldhavenoending;3Isawhersingingatherwork,4Ando'erthesicklebending;—girl镰刀=whatevercf.余音绕梁,三日不绝Thepoetwascarriedawaybyhersongandalmostforgothisjourney.5Ilisten'd,motionlessandstill;=overlisteningattentively6And,asImountedupthehill,7ThemusicinmyheartIbore,8Longafteritwasheardnomore.登上Iborethemusicinmyheart.我把那支乐曲牢记心头。Thegirlsangoverherwork.Thesolitaryreaper’ssongleftanunforgetableimpressiononthepoet’smind.Genre:Genre:Genre:Genre:lyricpoem抒情诗Structure:foureight-linestanzas,eachclosingwithtwocoupletsandallwritteninoctosyllabiclines,haveamusicallilt.Shortlinesdelivertherhymesataquickpace.Sentencesnormallyneedtwoormoresuchshortlinestocomplete,sothatfewlinesarestronglyend-stopped;mostfreelyenjamb.RhymeScheme:ababccdd(exceptlines1&3instanzas1and4)Meters:iambictetrameter四音步抑扬格Theme:thepoetisfascinatedwithaScottishpeasantgirl’sbeautifulsongFIGURESOFSPEECH反衬用夜莺和杜鹃反衬少女歌声的优美暗喻、通感反复同源词反复声音在作者眼中变为有形的事物呼语BEHOLDHER/OLISTEN类比少女的歌声与夜莺和杜鹃的歌唱诗人与旅人及赫布里群岛象征MOUNTUPTHEHILL象征着人生的旅途反问语言特点语言十分简朴,诗意明白易懂,但它清新自然,意境优美,如一幅画,一幅有声有色的画意象视觉意象(visualimage):singleinthefield,motionlessandstill,o’erthesicklebending动觉意象(kinaestheticimage):reapingandsinging,stophereorgentlypass,cutsandbinds,breakingthesilence,mountedupthehill听觉意象(auditoryimage),如:singsamelancholystrain,overflowingwiththesound,welcomenotes,plaintivenumbersflow,humblelay,song,musicUnlikeotherpoets,thislasssingsalone,isolatedfrombothherpredecessors(her"poetictradition")andanyaudience.Dryden,Pope,Gray,andsomanyothersdefinedthemselvesbyquotingfromclassicalliteratureandeachother.Wordsworth's"TheSolitaryReaper"shattersthiscontinuity.THETHEMEHersong,likeafoundpoem,springsdirectlyfromnature,withoutliterarycontext.Her"music"runslikewater("overflowing"thevalley)andsurpassesthebeautyoftwocelebratedEnglishsong-birds,thenightingaleandthecuckoo.Hereagainthespeakerraidsconventionalpoeticlanguage,asifincapableoffindingtrulysuitablelanguage.THEMEThepoetisfascinatedwithaScottishpeasantgirl’sbeautifulsong.(与其说这旅人是被歌声打动,还不如说是被割麦女的孤独打动,因为他们有着一样的孤独)从多个角度描绘了孤独的收割人忧郁动听的歌声,着重表现了苏格兰高原上一位年轻姑娘真实而丰富的内心世界。Thanksforlistening! 进入夏天,少不了一个热字当头,电扇空调陆续登场,每逢此时,总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇,是记忆中的农村,夏季经常用的一件物品。 记忆中的故乡,每逢进入夏天,集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席,不论男女老少,个个手持一把,忽闪忽闪个不停,嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热”,于是三五成群,聚在大树下,或站着,或随即坐在石头上,手持那把扇子,边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳,热得满头大汗,不时听到“强子,别跑了,快来我给你扇扇”。孩子们才不听这一套,跑个没完,直到累气喘吁吁,这才一跑一踮地围过了,这时母亲总是,好似生气的样子,边扇边训,“你看热的,跑什么?”此时这把蒲扇,是那么凉快,那么的温馨幸福,有母亲的味道! 蒲扇是中国传统工艺品,在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树,制作简单,方便携带,且蒲扇的表面光滑,因而,古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名,实即今日的蒲扇,江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代,人们最常用的就是这种,似圆非圆,轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。 蒲扇流传至今,我的记忆中,它跨越了半个世纪,也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹,携带着特有的念想,一年年,一天天,流向长长的时间隧道,袅结束