喝酒脸红慎用三类药

亲友聚会时，常会出现一喝酒脸就红的人。喝酒脸红的罪魁祸首不是酒精(乙醇)，而是乙醛。在体内，酒精首先经催化变成乙醛，然后在乙醛脱氢酶2的作用下进一步分解。如果这种酶的活性出了问题，乙醛无法被及时代谢，大量滞留在体内，可能舒张面部血管，引起脸红，严重时可能对心、脑、肝、肾等器官造成伤害。喝酒容易脸红的人在服药时应谨慎，尤其要注意以下三类药。 　　硝酸甘油：紧急用药可能无效。众所周知，心绞痛发作如不及时治疗，可能引起急性心肌梗死，甚至因严重心律失常导致猝死。硝酸甘油是治疗心绞痛的“救命药”，然而在中国汉族人群中无效的比例却高达25%，其中很多是喝酒容易脸红的人。乙醛脱氢酶2能特异性代谢硝酸甘油，产生一氧化氮，实现血管扩张，缓解心绞痛。饮酒脸红者的乙醛脱氢酶2活性大多不高，服用硝酸甘油的效果可能不好，甚至无效。建议这些患者在医生的指导下谨慎用硝酸甘油，必要时应备用或改服其他药，如硝酸酯类、β受体阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂或速效救心丸、麝香保心丸等中药制剂，防止因用药不合理而贻误治疗时机，带来生命危险。 　　多种抗生素：可能引起剧烈头痛、心跳加快等症状。除了平时用硝酸甘油要注意，饮酒后的一段时间内，要谨慎使用抗生素。多种抗生素可与乙醛脱氢酶2结合，抑制酶的活性，使乙醛不能被及时代谢，在体内堆积，出现双硫仑反应。其临床现为面部发热、面色猩红、头颈部血管剧烈搏动或搏动性头痛，严重者可出现呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、出汗、口干、胸痛、心跳加快、血压下降、烦躁不安，甚至引起休克。可引起双硫仑反应的药物有：甲硝唑、酮康唑、氯霉素及某些头孢类抗生素。喝酒容易脸红者，对此反应尤其敏感，一般人饮酒后3天内不宜服抗生素，喝酒脸红的人的这一时间建议为5~7天，甚至更长。 　　利尿剂：引起低血压。乙醇及其代谢产物乙醛均有扩张血管作用，可增强血管扩张剂的疗效。尤其应用噻嗪类等利尿降压药时，如果饮酒，可加重体位性低血压。喝酒脸红者代谢乙醛的能力差，更容易发生危险，因此服用这类药物时应避免饮酒。 饮酒脸红还与环境、饮食、个体的疾病状态等因素有关，一定要在医师、药师的指导下用药。有些药物说明书上注明服药期间要禁酒，服用这些药时，无论是否容易脸红，都不应该饮酒。 Relatives and friends gathering, often appear a drink on the red face. Drink with the arch-criminal not alcohol(ethanol), but acetaldehyde. In vivo, alcohol first by catalytic into acetaldehyde, and then further decomposedin 2 under the action of www.tjyonglai.com acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. If the enzyme activity is a problem, can not be timelyacetaldehyde metabolism, a large number of stranded in the body, may diastolic facial blood vessels, caused the face, may cause damage to the heart, brain, liver, kidney and other organs of serious. Drink easy to blush with shame people should be cautious when taking the drug,especially pay attention to the following three kinds of medicine. Nitroglycerin: emergency medicine may be invalid. www.donggekf.com As everyone knows, the attack of angina pectoris is like not seasonable cure, can cause acute myocardial infarction,and www.alikaf.comeven lead to sudden death due to severe arrhythmia.Nitroglycerin is the treatment of angina pectoris "life-saving medicine", but not in the Chinese Han populationproportion is as high as 25%, many of them drink easy toblush. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 specific metabolism of nitroglycerin, nitric oxide production, achieve the expansion of blood vessels, relieve angina. Aldehyde dehydrogenase alcohol flush the 2 activity is not high,taking nitroglycerin effect may be bad, or even invalid.Suggested these patients carefully with nitroglycerinunder the guidance of a doctor, when necessary,alternate or take other drugs, such as nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers or available kyushin pills, Shexiang Baoxin Pill and preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, to prevent unreasonable use of drugsand delaying treatment machine, pose a threat to life. Antibiotics: may cause severe headache, rapid heartbeat and other symptoms. In addition to the usual nitroglycerinshould pay attention to, drinking after a period of time, to the prudent use of antibiotics. Antibiotics can be combined with the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, inhibit the enzyme activity, which can not be timely acetaldehydemetabolism, accumulate in the body, appear disulfiram reaction. Their clinical manifestations were fever, facialcomplexion scarlet, head and neck vascular intensepulsing or throbbing headache, serious person can appear dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, sweating, dry mouth,chest pain, rapid heartbeat, blood pressure drops,restlessness, and even cause shock. Drugs can causedisulfiram reaction: metronidazole, chloramphenicol andketoconazole, some cephalosporins. Drink easy to blush,this reaction is particularly sensitive, ordinary peopleshould not be drinking within 3 days after the antibiotics,this time drinking blush people advice for 5~7 days, or even longer. Diuretics: induced hypotension. Alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde had dilates blood vessels, can improve the curative effect of vasodilator. If drinking especiallythiazide like diuretic,, aggravates orthostatic hypotension.Drink with the ability to metabolize acetaldehydedifference, more prone to danger, so taking these drugsshould avoid drinking alcohol. Alcohol flush is related to environment, diet, individualdisease status and other factors, drug must be used in the physician, pharmacist under the guidance of. Some drugs instructions marked on the medication totemperance, these drugs, regardless of whether theblush easily, should not be