绿茶对糖尿病的防治作用

? ? ? ? 2010，30（4）：243~250 Jou rn al of Tea Science ????：2009-12-01 ????：2010-04-26 ????：???? ??????（30972 289） ????：???（ 1956? ），?， ?????，??，? ????，????? ??营???，wangdf@ouc.edu. cn 绿 茶 对 糖 尿 病 的 防 治 作 用 ??? 1，??? 1，?? 1，?? 1，Bucheli Peter2 (1. ??????? ????????，? ? ?? 2 66003；2. Nestl?R & D Cent re Beij ing Ltd, Beij ing 1 00095, China) ??：??????????????，??????、??????????????，???????? ???。????????????????????????，??????????????，???? ???????。???????，????????????，?????????????????。? ???????????????????。 ???：??；???；???；???；??；??；?? ?????：TS272.5+1；R587.1 ?????：A ????：1000-369X（2010）04-243-08 Effect of Green Tea on Diabetes WANG Dong-feng1, WANG Lin-ge1 , ZHANG Li1, XU Ying1 , Bucheli Peter2 (1. Coll ege of Fo od Science and Engineering, Ocean Universi ty of China, Qingdao 266003 , China; 2. Nestl?R & D Cent re Beij ing Ltd, Bei jing 100095, China） Ab stract : Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of metabolism and assoc iated with long- te rm complications that af fec t eyes, heart, blood vesse l, and kidney function. Though oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin are the main prevention and therapy trea tment of diabetes, but they have severe side effec ts and fail to significantly alter the course of diabetic complications. As one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide, green tea is being widely studied for its health benefits in recent years. In vitro and in vivo studies provide strong evidence that green tea presents a great prophylactic and therapeutic effect aga inst diabetes. This review summar izes the beneficial e ffec ts of green tea on diabe tes prevention and treatment. Keywords: green tea, diabetes mellitus, tea polysacchar ides, tea polyphenols, prevention, therapy, review ??，???（diabetes mell itus, DM）? ?????、?????????????? ?????????????。?????， ??? DM ????????，??? 2030 ???????至 3.66 ?[1]。DM ????? ????????????、??????? ???，?????????，?????? ??（diabet ic nephropathy, DN）、DM ??? ?、??、DM ????????，???? ????。?? DM ??????????? ????????????，??????? ???????，??????????。? ?，??????? DM ??，?? DM ? ??????????。 ???????，???????、??、 ????、???、???、??????? ??。????????????? 30 ?? ??。????????? DM，????? 244 ? ? ? ? 30 ? ???。???????? DM ?????? ????。 1 ?????? ????????????????? DM ???。??????????，?? 5 ????? 6 ???，???? 2 ? DM ?? ??? 66.7%[2]。????？???，??? ????????????。Tsuneki H[3]? ?，?????? DM ???????，?? ??????????。????????? ???? α-?????????????? ?，??? l ?? 2 ? DM ??????[4]。 Ju?kiewicz J[5]??，??????????? ????? DM ??????、?????? ????，??????????????? ???????????、???????? ?，????????，?????? DM ? ?????。????，??????? SD ???????????????? IV ? ?，????????? [6]，??????? ? DM ???? β????，??????? ???[7]。 ??，????????，?????? ???? DM ??????。??????? ?????????? DM ??????? ????。Babu PVA ?[8]????，??? ?????????????????，?? ?? STZ ?????????????，? ?????????? DM ??????? ????。??????????????? ??? DM ????????。 ????????????????? ??????????????。?????-1 (PON1)??????????????，? ????????????[9-10]，????? ??????[11-12]。Tas S[13]??????? ??????，?? PON1 ??，????? ??????。??，DM ???????? ??????致???????，????? ?????，???????。?????? ??? Ca2+-ATP??? Na+/K+-ATP???? ?，???? Ca2+? Na+?????，??? DM ????[14]。 ????，???????? DM ??? ?? ， ? ?? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? （ tea polysaccharides, TPS)、???（ tea polyphenols, TP）???????????????。 2 ??????? TPS ??????????????? DM ???????。? 20 ??，???? ?????，TPS ??????? DM ??? ??????????。 2.1 ??????????????? TPS???????????????， ??????????????????? ???，????????，??、???? ?，???? 1.07?105~1.20?105。???? ????????，??????????? ??、??、????????[15]。 ????[16]???、???????? ??? TPS ????，????????? ?、??、??、????????，??? ????? 5.52?2.21?6.08?44.20?41.99， ??????缬??、???、?????? ?? 16 ??????。Nie SP[17]????? ????、??????????????? ????????，TPS ????、???、 ????、??、???、???、??? 7 ???? 1.71?5.88?13.70?1.99?1.00? 1.84?33.75 ??，?? 18 ??????。? ?????????? TPS ?????，? ????，TPS???????、??、?? ??????????????????? ??????????。 ??????? TPS ??????， 4 ? ???，?：??????????? 245 Wang DF ?[18]??? TPS????。??? ????? TPS ??????，???－? ???? TPS ??。 2.2 ??????????? ?? 1991 ?，Isigaki K[19]?????? ?????????????。Wang DF ?[18] ???????????????，???? ????，?????????????? ?。????，??????，???? TP、 ????????????? 20%、40%? 25%，? TPS?? 2 ?，?????????， TPS ????。??，??[18]?????? ?????? TPS，?????????? TPS ???，???????? TPS ??? ???????????????，???? ???????，???????????? ??????????????? TPS。? ?，??????????? TPS ????， ???????。???????????? ?????。 ??????? ????? 1.0?105 ~1.2?105 ??? TPS ??????? ??????，????????????? ?[18,20]。????[21]????? TPS ??? ????????，?????? TPS ? DM ????????????????，??? ? TPS ?????????。 ????[22]??? TPS ??????? ??(NS)??? NOD ?? 1? DM????、 ?? C ????????????、??? ?????????、?? T ??????， ????，? NS ?????，TPS ???? DM ???????，?? C ?????? ?，????????，CD8 T ?????? ????，CD4/CD8 ??????，??? ???? TPS ???????????? NOD ?? 1 ? DM ???。??，TPS ?? ??? DM ??“????”??，?? DM ??，???????[23]。Chen HX ?[24]? ? TPS ???????????????， ??????????????????? ?????。 ????????? TPS ?? DM ?? ???，???????，????????。 ????，?????? DM ????? ???????????[25-31]。Chen HX ?[32] ???? TPS ????????????? ? ? ， ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (P<0.05)，????????????。??， ????????? TPS ???????? ??????啶??? β????????， ?????????????????[24]。 ???，?????????，??、? ???、?????????? 2 ? DM ?? ????????。??????????? ? β???????，?????????? ??? DM ????????。Wang DF?[18] ??，TPS ??????????????? ?? 2，??????? 1 ?????，?? TPS ????????????????? DM。??，????[33]?? TPS ????? ?啶???????????????，?? ?????，?? TPS ????????? ????。???? [34]? KKAy2 ? DM ?? ?????、?、? 3 ????????，? ?????? 50、100、150 mg/(kg?d)? TPS ????????? 8 ?。????，??? TPS ????? 2 ? DM ???????，? ????????，??????????? ???????。????[35]?? TPS ?? ??? α-?????? α-???????? ?????????????，?????? ???????。 ?????????????，???? ????、??????????????? ?????[36]。TPS ?????????? ??????，????????????? ???????????????，???? ? TPS ?????，?????????? ??。 246 ? ? ? ? 30 ? 3 ??????? ? 20 ?? 50 ?? Rboerts H ?? TP ? ???????，TP ?????????? ?。TP ???????????????? ?????，?????????????。 ???，?????? TP ??? DM ??? ??????????。 3.1 ????????? ????，?????????、DM ? ??????????????。????? ????、??????????????? ??????? EGCG ??????，?? ????????、??、??、????? ????????????。 Sabu MC ? [37]??，500 mg/kg ??? TP ?????????????????? ?，??????????，? 50 mg/kg ? 100 mg/kg ???? DM ???? TP 18 d ?， ????????? 29.8%? 44.1%。??? ?[38]??? TP ????? DM ??，?? TP ????? DM ???????，??? ??????，??????????，?? ?? TP ???????????????? ??????????。 ???? TP ???????????? ???，?????????????，?? ?????????????????，?? TP ????????????????。 3.2 ?????????????? DM ??????????????? ???，???????????，??? DN ? DM ??????????。 3.2.1 ?????????????????? ??????? DM ???? 80%，? ?????? DM ??????????? ????。??????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ， ? ? Na+/K+-ATP ? ? ? Ca2+-ATP ????，???致 DM ???? ???。???????????????? ????????，????????(AGE) ????? AGE ???????????[39]。 ????????、??????? AGE ? ?????????，???????，?? ?致 DM ????。 ?? TP ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???。 Babu PVA ?[14]????? DM ??，??? ??? ?? ?? ??? Ca2+-ATP ? ?、 Na+ /K+-ATP ????、????????? ????????，??????????? ?????????，?????????? ??? TP ??????????。??，? ???，???????????????? ??，??? DM ???? [8]。 3.2.2 ????????????? DN ???????????????， 1 ?? 2 ? DM ????致????。DN ? ??????????????，????? ????????????，??????? ??，?????????，??????? ?，??致????至?????????? ????[40-41]。 ???[42-43]?????? DN ??，? ??????? TP ??????????， ?????????????????，? ? TP ???????????????? ????????，?????????? ???????????，?? TP ???? ???????????? DN。????[44] ???? TP ? DM ???????，TP ? ??????????、??、????? ??????????，???????? ?；??????，TP ??? DM ???? ????。 ?? TP ? DN ??????????? ?????，?? TP ?????????? ??????????????? DN，?? ??????。 4 ? ???，?：??????????? 247 3.3 ??????????? ?????????? TP ?? DM ?? ?????，??????????，TP ? ? DM ???????????????? ??、????????、???????? ??????????????????? ??????。 3.3.1 ????????? ?????? TP ???????[45-46]。 TP ????????????????，? ???????????????????， ????????????，??????? ????????[47-50]。 ????????????????? ???????[51-55]，?????????? ?，? DM ??????????????。 ?? TP ????????????，?? DM ???? SOD、GSH-PX ? POD ??? ???[56-57]。???? EGCG ?????? ??????????? β??????? ??[58]。???????，??????? ??????????????????? ????????，???????致? DM ????????????。 3.3.2 ????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????（SGLT1）???????。SGLT1 ??????? Na+???，??????? ?，?????????????????? ??。Kobayashi Y ? [59]????，TP ?? EGCG ? ECG ????????????? ???????? SGLT1 ??，????? ???? SGLT1 ???，???????? ???。 ??，?????? 1990 ?????? TP ???????，?????????， ??????????????????? α-??????????[60]，???致??? ????????????，??????? ???????????????。 3.3.3 ????????????????? ???? ??? EGCG ??????????? ?????????[61]，???????? ?。?????????????????? ???(IRS-1)???????，?????? -3-?????????????????? ?????????????，?????? ??????，???? DM ??????? ??。??????????，EGCG ??? ???????????????[62]。Anton S[63]?????? EGCG ???????? ????????? FOXO1a，????? 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