不定代词

1. 不定代词： A. none, no one, nobody 与nothing辨析： 不定代词none,既可用来代替人，示“一个人也没有”，又可用来代替物，表示“没有任何东西”，但它又不简单地等同于no one / nobody 和nothing，彼此极易混淆。现举一些常见错句纠正： 1. 我们不能在饭馆吃东西了，因为我们没有一个人带钱。 误：We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because no one of us had any money. 正：We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because none of us had any money. 析： no one 多作“没有人”解（=nobody）, 一般不接of短语；none 往往用在固定范围内的“一个人也没有”，常接of短语。 2. 没有人知道这事。 误：None knows about it. 正：No one/ Nobody knows about it. 析：在表达泛指“没有人”这一意思时，多用no one 或nobody, 一般情况下不用none. 3. 邀请了十二位女孩，但一个女孩也没来。 误：Twelve girls were invited, but nobody arrived. 正：Twelve girls were invited, but none arrived. 析：none单独使用时，总是用来替代文中提到的特定的人，例句中的none即意为not any girl, 如用nobody(或no one), 则意为不但女孩，连其他什么人都没来，显然与句意不合。 4. 我需要一些纸，但一点也没有留下。 误：I need some paper, but there is nothing left. 正：I need some paper, but there is none left. 析：none也可用来替代文中所提到的特定的某物，（可数与不可数均可），nothing 并不替代文中提到的某个特定的东西。例句中的none意为no paper; 若用nothing,则意为不但纸，连别的什么东西都没留下，也不合句意。 5. (A) “桌子上有什么？” “没有什么?” 误: “What is on the desk?” “ None.” 正: “What is on the desk?” “Nothing.” ( B ) “房间里有谁？” “没人。” 误：“Who is in the room?” “None.” 正：“Who is in the room?” “No one/ Nobody.” 析：一般说来，该用nothing来回答what开头的问句；用no one/nobody来回答who开头的问句，而不用none. 6. (A) “试验室里有多少学生？”“一个也没有。” 误：“How many students are there in the lab?”“No one.” 正：“How many students are there in the lab?”“None.” （B）“瓶里有多少墨水？”“一个也没有” 误：“How much ink is there in the bottle?”“Nothing.” 正：“How much ink is there in the bottle?”“None.” 析：how many/how much 开头的问句，则常用none来回答，而不用no one/nobody和nothing。 B. 不定代词作主语是，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 Everyone in China likes the Spring Festival. Someone is waiting for you. Everything is ready. C. 在everybody, everyone, nobody, no one出现的上下文中，有用复数人称代词与之对应。但是，anyone / anybody 其对应的代词要用him/ his。 Everybody was running as fast as they could. Nobody could find their bags. If anyone/ anybody comes, please ask him to wait. D. 一般来说，当主语是指人的复合代词，如everybody, nobody, anybody, somebody等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they；当前面句子中的复合代词指物，如everything, something, anything, nothing 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词用it。 Everyone is here, aren’t they? Everything is ready, isn’t it? Somebody is waiting for me at the gate, aren’t they?