六级写作新题型讲义

1 写作部分 一、六级英语作文评分 大学英语六级考试作文的目的旨在考核学生英语面达的能力。作文考试时间为 30 分钟,要求写出不少于 150 个词的短文。六级考试作文的出方式有：命题作文，看图画或图 表作文，根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。考试的作 文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。对作 文的要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，意思连贯，无重大语言错误。 下面介绍六级考试作文的评分原则和标准，并通过五份样卷作一个详细说明。 （一）作文评分原则 1. CET 是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此 要求为准则。 2. CET 作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分 （Reward Scores）,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 3. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题 目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想， 也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解 上的障碍。 4. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括 0 分，一名阅 卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。 （二）作文评分标准 1. 本题满分为 15 分。 2. 阅卷标准共分五等:2 分、5 分、8 分、11 分及 14 分。各有标准样卷一至二份。 3. 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如 8 分）相似，即定为该 分数（即 8 分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，即可加一分（即 9 分）或减一分（即 7 分），但不得加或减半分。 4. 评分标准： 2 分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错 误。 5 分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8 分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其 中有一些是严重错误。 11 分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14 分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小 错。 注:白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给 0 分。］ 5．字数不足应酌情扣分 累计字数 CET6 140～149 130～139 120～129 110～119 100～109 90～99 80～89 <79 扣 分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 2 ［注:］1. 如题目中给出主题句,起始句,结束句,均不得计入所写字数 2. 规定内容未写全者，按比例扣分。 （三）作文评分实例 2010 年 12 月真题 Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前高校排名相当盛行 2. 对这种做法人们看法不一 3. 我认为…… ① The popularity of university Ranking is rising, which has drawn great attentions and debates. Many famous websites, such as Sina, have the university Ranking, especially during the time of University Entrance Test. What's more, the high schools and family members always emphasize the Ranking, which bring a great pressure to students. The views to the university Ranking are varied. Some approve it. They hold the opinion that we can choose the university which fits us best. The Ranking is valueable information about universities. However, others are in the opposite. Their reasons are as follows. Firstly, we can't make sure the truth of the Ranking. If it's not true, it will mislead students. Secondly, the Ranking may encourage some universities do something to enhance the rank, such as give benefit to the Ranking makers, which is called "Buy Ranking". So, in this way, how can a university focus its attention on Teaching, and how can they foster students well? Last but not least, there are so many Rankings now. How we know which is true. In my opinion, both sides have merits and drawbacks. We should judge a university by more than a university Ranking. ② Nowadays, university ranking is very popular in China. Every time a new edition of university ranking is released, it will attract considerable public attention, and a heated debate will arise on whether the ranking fairly reflects the strength of each college. Proponents of the ranking claim that it has lots of positive effects. First, it is a kind of stimulus for universities to improve their research and teaching quality. Good research and teaching will lead to higher ranking, meaning that they can attract more excellent students and professors. In addition, university ranking helps high-school students to choose which university to attend since they lack related information. Opponents argue that university ranking brings far more negative than positive effects. It is reported that some universities bribe the ranking organization to improve their ranking, instead of enhancing their own strength in teaching and research. Besides, many people question the method of evaluation and the accuracy of the information the ranking is based on. From my prospective, while university ranking may have its defects, it does serve good purposes. What we need to do is to make it fairer and more transparent. Only in this way, could this 考研资源下载站（freekaoyan001.com）友情提供，仅供学习，禁止外传！ 3 practice provide incentives to universities and win trust from the public. ③ In the latest few years, people may find kinds of university ranking reading newspaper, suffering the internet and even watching the news reports. As we all know, one thing may be evaluated quiet different by groups with distinct opinions. Things go the same in such a phonomenion. Supporters may think that university ranking can help senior high school students to make an apropreit choice of which university to go, while some institutions are in need of graduates can rank the applicants by checking their schools. However, people with the opposite view may say: "Evaluating a university asks for many elements such as culture, faculties, avarange level of students and so on. Then we can hardly come to a quant result." In my opinion, views mentioned above can be complements to each other. General speaking, we should try to develop a better method which covers as many as possible facets of a certain university. The result may be high-dimention, so it doesn't have to be ordered. As a result, people can judge a university in personalized view. It may be better. ④ As the level of people's life proving, people take more attention on education. Now days, university ranking is pouple in China. And there are differet companies produce so many differet rankings. It's no denying that university ranking help people to choice. But some people do not agree so. Because differet ranks often be linked with such as money, power and so on. Some universites had a good poision in rankings maybe give money to the company produced the rank. On my opinions, university ranking is useful. By university ranking, and by compair differet rankings, we can no which university maybe better. Besides the leavl of differet mayer, more important about university is the culture. A good university conclude a lot of great students and teachers. There's a better envirement for students to study. University ranking tell us good university to go. Apart from ablove, I think that we couldn't only take attention on university ranking. We also should think about the mayer. A good mayer is more important for us. We should choice a good mayer which we like. ⑤ Nowadays people pay more attention to education, which makes university ranking more and more popular. There are many heated discussions on whether that is necessary. Opinions are divided on this issue. On one hand, some people hold the opinion that university ranking has more advantages than disadvantages. For the measures of the ranking depend on many different facts and figures, it can make a fair comment on the universities, On the other hand, some people think that the ranking may mislead students. Influenced by the university ranking, many students may have a wrong view of the universities they are longing for or they are already in. As far as I can see, everything has its advantages and disadvantages. If the ranking is used in a good way, it can stimulate our education system. The universities ranked high can attract more excellent students, and the universities ranked comparatively low can pay more attention to 考研资源下载站（freekaoyan001.com）友情提供，仅供学习，禁止外传！ 4 improve themselves. But if it is not used in a good way, the ranking may do harm to the universities as well as students. 二、作文常见语言错误 一、语法错误 （一）句子结构错误 1． 一主两谓 1) There are more and more students like to chat on the Internet. 2) There are still many problems should be noted and resolved. 2． 简单句叠置 I like dancing very much, I go to the ballroom almost every weekend. 3． 从句叠置 As is known to all that computers play an important role in many fields of our life. 4． 句子成分缺失 If work hard, we will surely be successful. 5． 语序错误 1) Why college students spend more and more time on the computer? 2) I often wonder where have they got their money. （二）名词单复数错误 Wise man seeks opportunities rather than wait for them. （三）动词错误 1．谓语动词时态错误 Many people thought that the Internet will be more useful in the future. 2．谓语动词单复数错误 A wise man seek opportunities rather than wait for them. 3．谓语动词连用错误 1) Some people are very like playing online games. 2) Other people are disagree with this view. 4．谓语动词语态错误 1) I have excited several days at the news that you will come here. 2) Most of the students satisfy with the service in the dining hall. 5．非谓语动词错误 1) Let me to represent everyone to say “hello” to you. 2) Do exercise in the morning is good for one’s health. 3) Having studied in this college for 3 years, the campus has changed a lot. （四）代词错误 1) We can use computers in doing everything you like. 考研资源下载站（freekaoyan001.com）友情提供，仅供学习，禁止外传！ 5 2) A college student should be able to do their washing on their own. 3) Someone are afraid that computer may control men in the future. 4) Another people think differently. （五）冠词错误 1) Horse is an useful animal. 2) The exam will be held in the December, 2004. （六）词性错误 1) I wish you can consider my suggests. 2) If a person wants to success, he must learn to endure sufferings and setbacks. 二、用词错误 1) Students must know how to apply a computer. 2) People can touch many new things on the Internet. 3) The purpose of this letter is to react some opinions on the service in the dining hall. 三、表达习惯错误 1) Why generated so large a change? 2) Now 6000 Yuan can buy a P4 computer. 3) A room often lives 6-8 students. 4) I think this great change has three reasons. 5) The prices of the food are too expensive. 6) The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard. 四、标点符号及大小写错误 1) However, every coin has two sides, I think the surroundings in our canteen are the best among all universities. 2) The man was racing down the street. Because he was late for the class. 3) At last I want to let you know, I love our university very much. 4) My favorite sports are swimming、jogging、mountaineering and playing table tennis. 5) The best English film in my eyes is《Forrest Gump》. 考研资源下载站（freekaoyan001.com）友情提供，仅供学习，禁止外传！ 6 “作文常见语言错误” 一、语法错误： （一）句子结构错误 1．一主两谓 1) There are more and more students who like to chat on the Internet. /More and more students like to chat on the Internet. 2) There are still many problems that should be noted and resolved. / Many problems still should be noted and resolved. 2． 简单句叠置 I like dancing very much, so/and I go to the ballroom almost every weekend. /I like dancing very much. I go to the ballroom almost every weekend. 3． 从句叠置 As is known to all, computers play an important role in many fields of our life. /It is known to all that computers play an important role in many fields of our life. 4．句子成分缺失 If we work hard, we will surely be successful. / Working hard, we will surely be successful. 5． 语序错误 1) Why do college students spend more and more time on the computer? 2) I often wonder where they have got their money. （二）名词单复数错误 A wise man seeks opportunities rather than wait for them. / Wise men seek opportunities rather than wait for them. （三）动词错误 1．谓语动词时态错误 Many people think that the Internet will be more useful in the future. 2．谓语动词单复数错误 A wise man seeks opportunities rather than wait for them./ Wise men seek opportunities rather than wait for them. 3．谓语动词连用错误 1) Some people like playing online games very much. 2) Other people disagree with this view. 4．谓语动词语态错误 1) I have been excited for several days at the news that you will come here. 2) Most of the students are satisfied with the service in the dining hall. 5．非谓语动词错误 1) Let me say “hello” to you on behalf of everyone. 2) Doing exercise in the morning is good for one’s health. 3) Having studied in this college for 3 years, I find the campus has changed a lot./ I 考研资源下载站（freekaoyan001.com）友情提供，仅供学习，禁止外传！ 7 have studied in this college for 3 years, during which campus has changed a lot. （四）代词错误 1) We can do everything we like on computer. 2) A college student should be able to do his washing on his own. 3) Some people are afraid that computers may control men in the future. 4) Other people think differently. （五）冠词错误 1) The/A horse is a useful animal. / Horses are useful animals. 2) The exam will be held in December, 2004. （六）词性错误 1) I wish you can consider my suggestions. 2) If a person wants to succeed, he must learn to endure sufferings and setbacks. 二、用词错误 1) Students must know how to use /operate /work on a computer. 2) People can learn / be exposed to many new things on the computer. 3) The purpose of this letter is to complain about the service in the dining hall. 三、表达习惯错误: 1) What generated so large a change? Why is there so large a change? 2) Now 6000 Yuan is enough to buy a P4 computer. Now you can buy a P4 computer at 6000 Yuan. 3) A room often accommodates 6-8 students./ 6-8 students often live in one room. 4) I think there are three reasons for this great change. 5) The prices of the food are too high. / The food is too expensive. 6) The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard./ This is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard. 四、标点符号以及大小写错误 1) However, every coin has two sides. I think the surroundings in our canteen are the best among all universities. 2) The man was racing down the street because he was late for the class. 3) At last I want to let you know that I love our university very much. 4) My favorite sports are swimming, jogging, mountaineering and playing table tennis. 5) The best English film in my eyes is Forrest Gump/ “Forrest Gump”. 考研资源下载站（freekaoyan001.com）友情提供，仅供学习，禁止外传！ 8 三、六级英语作文模拟题 （一）对立观点型 1) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to the following information: Currently, a number of schools allow students to grade their teachers and even decide if the teachers can teach on or not. This has given rise to a heated debate, with some approving of the pratice and others strongly opposed to it. Now discuss both views and give your own opinion. 2) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to the following information: Currently, a number of college students in China choose to live off campus in rented rooms or houses instead of living in dorms on campus. This has given rise to a heated debate, with some approving of the pratice and others strongly opposed to it. Now discuss both views and give your own opinion. 3) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic Should Lottery Games Be Encouraged? Currently, a number of people in China play lottery games. This has given rise to a heated debate, with some approving of the pratice and others strongly opposed to it. Now discuss both views and give your own opinion. 4) Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled TV Talent Show --- A Good Thing or Bad? Currently, a number of TV talent shows are on in China, especially the singing talent shows. This has given rise to a heated debate, with some approving of such shows and others strongly opposed to them. Now discuss both views and give your own opinion. 5) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Keeping Pets. You should write at least 150 words. Currently, a number of people in China keep pets, which have resulted in a series of problems. This has given rise to a heated debate, with some approving of the hobby and others strongly opposed to it. Now discuss both views and give your own opinion. 6) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Package Tour or Private Tour? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 有些人喜欢跟团游 2. 有些人喜欢自助游 3. 我的选择 7) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Lecture or Discussion? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below: 考研资源下载站（freekaoyan001.com）友情提供，仅供学习，禁止外传！ 9 1. 有些学生喜欢讲座式教学 2. 有些则喜欢讨论式教学 3. 我的选择 （二）单一观点型 1）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic given below. According to a recent newspaper report, many famous sites of historical interest in China have begun or are considering charging tourists higher entry fees during peak travel seasons. This has aroused a lot of public attention and also public debate.What is your opinion? 2) Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Consumption of Luxuries in China. You should write at least 150 words according to the information given below. 近年来中国的奢侈品消费越来越多，对此有人赞成，有人反对。你的看法如何？写出 你的观点和理由。 3) Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Plastic Surgery. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. In recent years, there has been much debate over plastic surgery. What is your view? 1. In the first paragraph, state your main idea. 2. In the second paragraph, support you view with specific examples or reasons. 3. In the third paragraph, bring your composition to a natural conclusion. 4）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic given below. Criminals are imprisoned. But many argue that education and job training should replace the former to deal with criminals. To what degree do you agree or disagree. （三）陈述利弊型 1) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Micro Blog”. You should write at least 150 words: 2) Directions: In this part, you are to write a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic of “The Text Message(手机短信)”. （四）解决问题型 1) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Seat-Taking on Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 考研资源下载站（freekaoyan001.com）友情提供，仅供学习，禁止外传！ 10 2）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students Playing Truant. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 3) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay of no less than 150 words based on the following instruction. In the past few years, several plagiarism(抄袭,剽窃) cases have been exposed in China; some involve professors and famous scholars while some others involve graduate students who are working as researchers. Please write a composition on this phenomenon. 4) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Solve Energy Crisis. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 5) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Food Safety. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: （五）名言警句型 Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition of at least 150 words on the topic “The more I learn, the more ignorant I find m