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在线学英语 体验请申请：www.englishvip.com/wenkxd.htm 洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 综合题，请根据题目给出的内容，来回答下面给出的试题。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range Kids Would you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to her Manhattan home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers. “Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,” Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the people I’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)—for us and for them.” Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the Buffington Post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’s Worst Mom.” The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised? From the “she’s an irresponsible mother” camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,” in Comments on the Buffington Post. And there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t come home?” But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one commenter wrote on the Buffington Post. “This is a much-needed reality check.” Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blog—Free Range, kids—promoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took buses—and even subways—all by themselves. Her blog, she says, is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.” So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations? Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 2003 death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19. Then there’s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it’s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves to school. The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that’s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,” says Dr. Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center. For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’s nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child’s general judgment should be weighed.” Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.” But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn’t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on mom—a major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids. And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s every movement via the Internet—without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they’re on parole (假释). 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 请根据上面给出的内容，来回答下面的单项选择题（下列每小题备选中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案。每小题2分，共7题。）When Lenore Skenazy’s son was allowed to take the subway alone, he ________. A ：was afraid that he might get lost B ：enjoyed having the independence C ：was only too pleased to take the risk D ：thought he was an exceptional child 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题Lenore Skenazy believes that keeping kids under careful watch A ：hinders their healthy growth B ：adds too much to parents’ expenses C ：shows traditional parental caution D ：bucks the latest parenting trend 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题Skenazy’s decision to let her son take the Subway alone has net with ________. A ：opposition from her own family B ：share parenting experience C ：fight against child abuse D ：protect children’s rights 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题Skenazy started her own blog to ________. A ：promote sensible parenting B ：share parenting experience C ：fight against child abuse D ：protect children’s rights 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题 According to the author, New York City ________. A ：ranks high in road accidents B ：is much safe than before C ：ranks low in child mortality rates D ：is less dangerous than small cities 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题Parents today are more nervous about their kids’ safety than previous generations because ________. A ：there are now fewer children in the family B ：the number of traffic accidents has been increasing C ：their fear is amplified by media exposure of crime D ：crime rates have been on the rise over the years 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题According to child experts, how and when kids may be allowed more freedom depends on ________. A ：the traditions and customs of the community B ：the safety conditions of their neighborhood C ：their parents’ psychological makeup D ：their maturity and personal qualities 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题请根据上面给出的内容，来回答下面的填空题，如果有多个空，空与空之间用一个空格空开。（每小题2分，共3题。）According to Gallagher and Skenazy, children who are watchful will be better able to stay away from ________. 请填写答案：请先登录才能答题 Being able to find out where a child is anytime helps lessen parents’ ________. 请填写答案：请先登录才能答题 Nowadays with the help of GPS cell phones, parents can, from a distance, track their children’s ________. 请填写答案：请先登录才能答题 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. There is nothing new about TV and fashion magazines giving girls unhealthy ideas about how thin they need to be in order to be considered beautiful. What is surprising is the method psycholo gists at the University of Texas have come up with to keep girls from developing eating disorders. Their main weapon against superskinny (role) models: a brand of civil disobedience dubbed “body activism.” Since 2001, more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they have been buying into the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. After critiquing (评论) the so-called thin ideal by writing essays and role-playing with their peers, participants are directed to come up with and execute small, nonviolent acts. They include slipping notes saying “Love your body the way it is” into dieting books at stores like Borders and writing letters to Mattel, makers of the impossibly proportioned Barbie doll. According to a study in the latest issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, the risk of developing eating disorders was reduced 61% among Body Project participants. And they continued to exhibit positive body-image attitudes as long as three years after completing the program, which consists, of four one-hour sessions. Such lasting effects may be due to girls’ realizing not only how they were being influenced but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin. “These people who promote the perfect body really don’t care about you at all,” says Kelsey Hertel, a high school junior and Body Project veteran in Eugene, Oregon. “They purposefully make you feel like less of a person so you’ll buy their stuff and they’ll make money.” 请根据上面给出的内容，来回答下面的填空题，如果有多个空，空与空之间用一个空格空开。（每小题2分，共5题。）Were do girls get the notion that they need to be thin in order to be considered beautiful? 请填写答案：请先登录才能答题 By promoting “body activism,” University of Texas psychologists aim to prevent ________. 请填写答案：请先登录才能答题 According to the author, Mattel’s Barbie dolls are ________. 请填写答案：请先登录才能答题 The positive effects of the Body Project may last up to ________. 请填写答案：请先登录才能答题 One Body Project participant says that the real motive of those who promote the perfect body is to ________. 请填写答案：请先登录才能答题 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles. Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection. 请根据上面给出的内容，来回答下面的单项选择题（下列每小题备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案。每小题2分，共5题。）We can learn from the first paragraph that ________. A ：human activities have changed the way turtles survive B ：efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out C ：government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles’ extinction D ：marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles’ reproduction 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Line 1, Para. 2)? A ：Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles. B ：Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities. C ：The course of nature will not be changed by human interference. D ：The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection. 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin? A ：Their inadequate food supply. B ：Unregulated commercial fishing. C ：Their lower reproductively ability. D ：Contamination of sea water 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题How does global warming affect the survival of turtles? A ：It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs. B ：The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch. C ：The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow. D ：It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature. 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题The last sentence of the passage is meant to ________. A ：persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles B ：stress that even the most ugly species should be protected C ：call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival D ：warn our descendants about the extinction of species 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma. There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely. No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider. As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends. 请根据上面给出的内容，来回答下面的单项选择题（下列每小题备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案。每小题2分，共5题。）What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?. A ：Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing. B ：It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college education. C ：College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs. D ：Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns. 请选择答案：请先登录才能答题The two Harvard economists note in their study that, fo