POTASSIUM BENZOATE
Prepared at the 46th JECFA (1996), published in FNP 52 Add 4 (1996)
superseding specifications prepared at the 17th JECFA (1974), published
in FNP 4 (1978). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 63rd
JECFA (2004). A group ADI of 0-5 mg/kg bw for benzoic acid and salts
was established at the 27th JECFA (1983) and maintained at the 46th
JECFA (1996).
SYNONYMS INS No. 212
DEFINITION
Chemical names Potassium benzoate, potassium salt of benzenecarboxylic acid,
potassium salt of phenylcarboxylic acid
C.A.S. number 582-25-2 (anhydrous)
Chemical formula C7H5KO2 · 3H2O
Structural formula
Formula weight 160.22 (anhydrous)
214.27 (trihydrate)
Assay Not less than 99.0% on the dried basis
DESCRIPTION White crystalline powder
FUNCTIONAL USES Antimicrobial preservative
CHARACTERISTICS
IDENTIFICATION
Solubility (Vol. 4)
Freely soluble in water, soluble in ethanol
Test for benzoate (Vol. 4)
Passes test
Use a 10% solution of the sample
Test for potassium (Vol. 4)
Passes test
Use a 10% solution of the sample
PURITY
Loss on drying (Vol. 4)
Not more than 26.5% (105o, 4 h)
Acidity or alkalinity Dissolve 2 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in 20 ml of freshly
boiled water. Not more than 0.5 ml of either 0.1N sodium hydroxide or
0.1N hydrochloric acid should be required for neutralization, using
phenolphthalein TS as indicator.
Readily carbonizable
substances
Dissolve 0.5 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in 5 ml of
sulfuric acid TS. The colour produced should not be darker than a light
pink ("Matching Fluid Q")
Chlorinated organic
compounds (Vol. 4)
Not more than 0.07% (as chlorine)
Test 0.25 g of the sample using 0.5 ml of 0.01N hydrochloric acid in the
control
Readily oxidizable
substances
Add 1.5 ml of sulfuric acid to 100 ml of water, heat to boiling and add
0.1N potassium permanganate, dropwise, until the pink colour persists for
30 sec. Dissolve 1 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in the
heated solution, and titrate with 0.1N potassium permanganate to a pink
colour that persists for 15 sec. Not more than 0.5 ml should be required.
Lead (Vol. 4)
Not more than 2 mg/kg
Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the
specified level. The selection of sample size and method of sample
preparation may be based on the principles of the method described in
Volume 4, “Instrumental Methods.”
METHOD OF
ASSAY
Weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg, 2.5 to 3 g of the dried sample, and transfer
to a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Add 50 ml of water to dissolve the sample.
Neutralize the solution, if necessary, with 0.1N hydrochloric acid, using
phenolphthalein TS as indicator. Add 50 ml of ether and a few drops of
bromophenol blue TS and titrate with 0.5N hydrochloric acid, shaking
constantly the flask, until the colour of the indicator begins to change.
Transfer the lower aqueous layer to another flask. Wash the ethereal
layer with 10 ml of water, and add the washing and an additional 20 ml of
ether to the separated aqueous layer. Complete the titration with the 0.5N
hydrochloric acid, shaking constantly the flask. Each ml of 0.5N
hydrochloric acid is equivalent to 80.11 mg of C7H5KO2.
POTASSIUM BENZOATE
SYNONYMS
DEFINITION
Chemical names
C.A.S. number
Chemical formula
Structural formula
Formula weight
Assay
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL USES
CHARACTERISTICS
IDENTIFICATION
PURITY
Acidity or alkalinity
Readily carbonizable substances
Readily oxidizable substances
METHOD OF
ASSAY