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初中虚拟语气

2013-09-23 3页 doc 32KB 34阅读

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初中虚拟语气 虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题  虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:  一、与现在事实相反 连接词 条件从句 主句 If .动词过去式(或were) would(should/ could/ might) +动词原形 If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I would giv...
初中虚拟语气
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题  虚拟语气示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:  一、与现在事实相反 连接词 条件从句 主句 If .动词过去式(或were) would(should/ could/ might) +动词原形 If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.  二.与将来事实相反 连接词 条件从句 主句 If 1. should+动词原形 2. 动词过去式 3. were to+动词原形 would(should/ could/ might) +动词原形 If you should lose, what would you do? If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.  三、与过去事实相反 连接词 条件从句 主句 If had+过去分词 would(should/ could/ might) + have+过去分词 If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 1.省掉if的条件从句结构: Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,) 2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如: A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...) (=If there were no water,…) (=If you hadn’t helped me,…) 3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如: If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. 五、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下: suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, decide, ask, propose +that…(should )+动词原形 注意:在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。 He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. 上述动词的名词形式出现时,that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。 He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking. 如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right. 2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下: imperative, advisable, (do sth) It is (was) + important, natural, necessary +that…(should) +essential, strange, right等 动词完成式(have done sth) It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders. It is right that you should have done your homework. 3、wish的用法 动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反 主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反 助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反 I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer) I wish I had never stopped teaching.(=I am sorry I stopped teaching.) I wish they’d let us get some sleep. 注意:wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较: (1) We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.) (2) We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.) 4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如: He acts as if nothing had happened. I would rather you didn’t tell him. 5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如: It’s time (that) you had a hair cut. It’s high time (that) we took some action. 注意:1. should+动词原形较少见,且should不能省略,其意为“(早)该干某事了”; 2. 与其他的虚拟结构不同,该结构中be动词用 was 而不用 were. It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were) 1
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