虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气
示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
主句
If
.动词过去式(或were)
would(should/ could/ might) +动词原形
If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
主句
If
1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3. were to+动词原形
would(should/ could/ might) +动词原形
If you should lose, what would you do?
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth..
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
主句
If
had+过去分词
would(should/ could/ might) + have+过去分词
If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
1.省掉if的条件从句结构:
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
A true friend would not do such a thing.
(=If he were a true friend, he...) (=If there were no water,…) (=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
suggest, advise, recommend, demand,
require, insist, urge, request, order,
decide, ask, propose
+that…(should )+动词原形
注意:在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时,that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.
如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is right.
2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
imperative, advisable, (do sth)
It is (was) + important, natural, necessary +that…(should)
+essential, strange, right等 动词完成式(have done sth)
It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.
It is right that you should have done your homework.
3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer)
I wish I had never stopped teaching.(=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意:wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:
(1) We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)
(2) We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)
4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如:
He acts as if nothing had happened.
I would rather you didn’t tell him.
5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如:
It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.
It’s high time (that) we took some action.
注意:1. should+动词原形较少见,且should不能省略,其意为“(早)该干某事了”;
2. 与其他的虚拟结构不同,该结构中be动词用 was 而不用 were.
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
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