人教版高中英语选修六知识点总结

Unit 1 I词汇及结构 1. would rather do sth情愿做…. would rather sb did sth情愿sb做… 情愿做….而不愿意做…： would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth I would rather stay at home today. 我今天宁愿待在家里。 I would rather you came here tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 I would rather you hadn’t told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。 2.faith n. 信任,信仰 break one's faith with sb. 对某人不守信用 keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 I kept faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言。 He who loses faith, loses all.失去信心的人, 失去所有。 have faith in 相信, 信任 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地 faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text． so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…) so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…) so much/little (不可数) (+that…) such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) eg.1) The book is ________interesting that I want to read it again. 2) It was ________a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick. 3) It was _______cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick. 4) There are _______many mistakes in your composition that I can’t understand it. 5) He has made ________rapid progress that he got the first in the exam. 6) _______that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07陕西） A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business B 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 I overslept and ____ I was late for work. 我睡过头了,所以我上班迟到了。 Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。 It rained that day and ___ the baseball game was called off. A. however B. still C. so D. consequently D consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的 as a consequence/result = in consequence = so She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 她被判有罪,因而失去了工作 consequence n. 结果 as a consequence/result of = because of 5 .aim 1）n. eq \o\ac(○,1)(C) 目标 without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的 achieve one’s aim miss one’s aim 打不中目标 eq \o\ac(○,2)(U) 对准, 瞄准 take aim at The hunter took aim at the lion sb/ sth’s aim is to do ……的目标是…. What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么? The governor’s aim is to increase citizens’ income. 2）v. eq \o\ac(○,1)(以枪等) 对准,瞄准 aim at take aim at the target= aim at the target 瞄准靶子 The factory must aim at increasing its quality .他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中 He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it. aimless a. 无目标的，无目的的 She led an aimless life. eq \o\ac(○,2)打算,计划, 以……为目标, 立志做…… aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到 Harry aims at becoming a doctor. or: Harry aims to become a doctor. 6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的(representative) a typical character 典型人物 typical example 典型事例 He is a typical pupil; he is like most of the other pupils. 他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。 adj. evident明白的, 明显的(apparent) n. evidence 证据;证明 The applause made it evident that the play was a hit. 掌声显然表明该剧是成功的。 It is evident (obvious) (to sb) that ….. It's evident that you are tired. 显然你累了。 in evidence = evident 明显的 7.realistic 现实主义的,逼真的,现实的 in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式 realism现实主义idealism realist现实主义 terrorism 恐怖主义 terrorist 恐怖分子 Socialism Socialist real adj. 真的 realize v. 实现 8. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. hold …Ideas/ value 持有…的观点/ 价值观 I hold the view that the plan can’t work. adopt vt. 1).采取;采纳;吸收 After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。 2).过继,收养[(+as)] Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。 3).正式通过,接受 The agenda was adopted after some discussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。 adopted adj. 被收养的，被采用的 adopted child 11.possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义： 1）“有，拥有”。如： The library possesses a number of the artist’s early works. 图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。 2）“具有……的特质”。常见搭配有 be possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特征”。如： I’m afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humor. 恐怕他没有什么幽默感。 He is possessed of great natural ability. 他很有天赋。 3）“支配，控制”。如： He was possessed by the desire to be rich. [n]. possession eq \o\ac(○,1)【c】财产，所有物（常用复数） The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。 personal possessions个人财产 He lost all his possessions in the fire. eq \o\ac(○,2)【u】占有，拥有 take possession of 占领，夺取 come into possession of 占有 in possession of (表主动）占有 in the possession of （表被动） …被占有 He is in ~ of the house. 他拥有这套房子。 The house is in the ~ of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下。 -- Does the young man standing there _____the company? -- No. The company is _____ his father. A.have ~ of; in ~ of B.in ~ of ; in the ~ of C.take ~ of ; in the ~ of D.have ~ of ; in ~ of 9.convince convince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth.说服某人做… Convince sb that使某人确信某事 He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。 I was convinced that he was sincere. Your mistakes convinced me that you hadn’t studied your lesson. 你的错误使我确信你没有学习功课。 convince vt. “使确信；使信服” convince sb. of sth. / that ... Scientists are convinced _____ the possible effect of laughter _____ physical and mental health. A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at by coincidence 碰巧, 由于巧合 what a coincidence！多么凑巧的事情啊！ What a coincidence to meet you here. 真巧在这儿碰到你。 I met him by coincidence. I didn’t know he was here. 10.a great/ good deal 大量; 大量 Ever since the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. (adv.修饰v.) A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.(n.) He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级) a great/good deal of为adj，修饰[U] A great deal of money was spent on the project. 那个项目花费了大量金钱。 1）修饰可数名词： many a few a good/great many A great many buildings have been built along the street. a large/ big/ great/ / small number of Many a +单数名词 More than one +单数名词 2）修饰不可数名词： much a good/great deal of a large amount of (谓语动词用单数) large amounts of (谓语动词用复数) 3）修饰可数和不可数名词 a lot of/lots of plenty of a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数) large quantities of (谓语动词用复数) 练习： 1.____ the students in our school go to college in their teens. A good many B. A great many of C. A great deal of D. A lot of 2. He is ____ better now. Don’t worry about him. A.more B. a great deal of C. a number of D.a great deal 13.The impressionists were the first artists to paint outdoors. He is always the last one to leave the classroom. 10.attempt v.尝试，企图 v.①企图，试图；努力 ②试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成 attempt doing反复尝试做 attempt to do企图做 attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing The second question was so difficult; I didn’t even attempt it. 第二道题太难了，我连试都没试。 I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. 我想开口说几句，但有人叫我别做声。 I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting. We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance. n. eq \o\ac(○,1)企图或努力 eq \o\ac(○,2)袭击；攻击 an attempt on someone's life.对某人生命的攻击 Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first_________ . A) intention　　　B) attempt　　　　　　C) purpose　　　 D) desire make an attempt to do sth at doing sth She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。 The prisoner made an attempt to escape/ at escaping but failed. at one’s attempt 在sb尝试下 one’s first attempt 初次尝试 练习： 1) 他试图行走直到摔倒。 He______________________________ 2) 他参加过考试，可是失败了。 He________________________ but failed. 3) 我企图说话，可是有人要我安静点。 I ________________ but was told to be quiet. attempted walking until he fell over. attempted the examination attempted to speak 18.On the other hand 另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与on one hand连用。 On one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面 This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I don’t have to work long hours. On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don’t have enough money. At hand在手边，在附近 By hand用手的，手工的 Go hand in hand with与……共同行动 19.Predict 1)v.预言，预测 后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。 Nobody can predict what will happen in the future. It is still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes. 现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。 2) n. Prediction 预言，预测 Her prediction turned out to be correct.她的预言证明是正确的。 20.Specific明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的 Can you be a bit more specific when you talk about your plan? 当你谈及你的计划时，你能说的再具体点吗？ Each organ in our body has its specific function. 我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。 This kind of disease is specific to houses.这种病只有马才会得。 21.figure 1) 外形;体形;人影I saw a figure in the darkness. 2) 体态;风姿She has a slender figure. 3)人物;名人He has become a figure known to everyone. 4) 数字Where did you get those figures? 5)His work now commands huge figures. 22.delicate He is a delicate child.纤弱的,娇弱的，瘦弱的 Be careful with those wine cups—they are very delicate.容易的 In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words. 需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的 在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。 What a delicate work of art!精妙的 delicate china.精美的瓷器 23.1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的 He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。 We regarded the Iraq War as an aggressive one. 我们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战争。 an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员 aggressive weapons 攻击性武器 2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地 3)aggression n.侵略（行动）aggressor n. 侵略者 练习： If you want to become a successful businessman, you must ______ _______ . 如果你想做一个成功的商人，你必须积极进取。 _____ __________ must be destroyed. 必须要销毁攻击性的武器。 be aggressive Aggressive arms 24.In the flesh活生生，本人，亲自 Flesh n.肌肉； 肉 Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？ He wouldn’t believe until he saw in the flesh他直到亲眼目睹才相信。 Flesh and blood肉体，血肉之躯 Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood. Lose flesh减肥 Gain/put on flesh增肥 Flesh-eating食肉的 25.preference - prefer 1)更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)] A window seat is my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。 We dress simply by preference.首先, 最好 2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C] Which is your preference, tea or coffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡? 3)偏袒[U][(+for)] Parents should not show preference for any one of their children. 父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。 4)优先(权);优惠权[U][C] in preference to 优先于 Have a preference for偏爱 I have a preference for classic music.我更喜欢古典音乐。 We had a preference for sweet food.我们特别喜欢吃甜食. in preference to… 优先于 I’d choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。 She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. 她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴. 26.Appeal vi. 1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to sb for sth. He appealed to me for help. 2)诉诸,求助[(+to)] We will appeal to a variety of sources of information. 3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)] The idea appealed to Mary. 4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)] He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 27.fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的； As he broke up with his girlfriend, his heart was fragile. 由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。 Reputation n. eq \o\ac(○,1)名誉,名声[(+for)] The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. 该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。 He has a reputation for cheating in the exam.他以考试作弊而享有盛名。 have a reputation 享有盛名 eq \o\ac(○,2)好名声,声望;信誉 This restaurant has a fine reputation. 这家餐厅信誉很好。 Cheating at the game ruined that player‘s reputation. 比赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望。 live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名 lose one’s reputation 失去盛名； win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉 You must live up to your promise. 你必须实践自己的诺言。 They are always exhorted to deliver results and to live up to their parents' high expectations   他们无时无刻被提醒要考取好成绩，实现父母对他们的高度期望。 28.、The museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. 博物馆展示的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣。 more than＋名词意为“不仅仅”，more than just相当于not only, not just的意思。如： Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 詹森不仅是一名讲师，他还是一个作家。 Modern science is more than a large amount of information.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。 1) more than+数词，意为“超过”相当于over，其反义词组为less than。如 There are more than two hundred people in the park. 公园里有200多人。 2)“more than＋形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如： I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话十分满意。 She was dressed more than simply. 她穿着太朴素了。 3) 在“more ... than ...”结构中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分，常译为“是…… 而不是……” 或 “与其说……不如说……” 。如： Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶。 句型： 1. The Impressionists were_________________________________. 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。(P2) 序数词the first/the second/the last(＋ sb.) ＋ to do是一种常见结构，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定语；如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应使用被动结构。 My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave. 我的班长总是第一个到校、最后一个离开。 To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager. 说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。 2. __________________so many great works of art from the late 19th century to 21st century are housed in the same museum. 令人吃惊的是，在同一家博物馆里竟能容纳下19世纪后期到21世纪的如此众多的名家巨作。 It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that...是一种常见句型，表示“……令人吃惊、震惊、惊讶等”，其中it是形式主语，that引导名词性从句作句子的真正主语。这种句型可以用to one's amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 这些短语作状语来改写。 It is surprising that children who are seven years old don't know how to brush one's teeth. 令人吃惊的是，七岁的孩子还不知道怎么刷牙 To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths. 令我们震惊的是，这次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。 语法： 虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气用于条件句、其它句型中 与现在事实相反时从句用过去时(did/were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形 How nice it ________ if I ________ a sister like you! A．was; had B．would be; had had C．would have been; had D．would be; had 【解析】　题干表达与现在事实相反的内容，根据规则选D项 2. 与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时(had done)，主句用would/should/could/might＋ have done —Were you in time for the lecture? —If I ________ told earlier, I would have. A．had been B．was C．were to be D．should be 选A。 由问句看出与过去事实相反，因而从句中使用过去完成时。 3. 与将来事实相反时，从句中可用三种形式，即动词的过去式/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形。 This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A．would B．should C．could D．might 分析：后一句实际上使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中使用should表示“假如；万一” ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A．Would you be B．Should you be C．Could you be D．Might you be 【解析】　前一分句实际上使用的是虚拟语气，与将来事实相反从句中使用If you should be fired，可以省略if而把should提前到主语之前。 4. 虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句：条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自不同的时间选择适当的动词形式。 5. 虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句：句中没有条件从句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中。 But for the help of my English teacher, I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A．would not win B．would not have won C．would win D．would have won but for(要不是……)引导的短语在句中作状语时，句子的谓语部分常用虚拟语气；此处表示与过去事实相反，因而使用“would 6. wish后的宾语从句中：与现在事实相反时用were或动词的一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用had＋过去分词；与将来事实相反时用would/could/might＋动词原形。 How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden! A．has B．had C．will have D．had had wish 后的从句如果表示与现在事实相反，应使用动词的过去形式。 7. 在suggest，order，insist，demand，require，desire，command，request，recommend等表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的词后面的宾语从句中；在与suggestion，order，request，advice，demand等有关的表语从句、同位语从句中；以及在It ＋be＋ suggested/ordered/requested/ insisted /desired/required that...句型中用“(should)＋动词原形”。 The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after eating a large meal. A．wouldn't B．couldn't C．needn't D．shouldn't 　recommend 表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语用“should ＋动词原形”，should可省略。 . His suggestion is that the harvest ________ in before the rainy season comes. A．get B．should get C．be got D．will be got suggestion 之后的that从句是表语从句，其中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should省略。 8. 在It's (high) time that...句型中，谓语动词用过去时或should＋动词原形(should不能省略)，表示“早就该……” It's no use envying others their success. It's time that you ________ hard. A．must work B．were to work C．work D．worked It's time that...句型中使用动词的一般过去时 9. as if/as though(好像，似乎)之后的方式状语从句中；if only句型表示“要是……多好啊”中，与现在事实相反时动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用had＋过去分词；与将来事实相反时用should/would/could/might＋动词原形。 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________. A．breaks B．has broken C．were broken D．had been broken Unit 2 词汇和结构： 1.convey v. 传达；运送 Others try to ________certain emotions. 而有些诗则是为了传达某种情感的。(P10) Please convey my best wishes to her. 请代我向她表示最良好的祝愿。(朗文P413) convey ...to... 把……运到…… convey ...to sb. 向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等) convey one's feelings 表达感情 2． transform v. 转化；转换；改造；变换 Getting that new job has completely transformed her.她得到了那份新工作以后，人全变了。(朗文P1871) In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power. 这个国家只用了20年时间就变成了一个先进的工业强国。(朗文P1871) transform...into 把某人/物改变成…… transform ...from 从……中转变、转化…… 3. appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的 Match the beginning of each sentence with the ___________ending. Your clothes are hardly appropriate for a job interview. 你的服装不太适合求职面试时穿。(朗文P76) It is appropriate that he (should) make an apology to us. 他向我们道歉是合适的。(文馨P87) The house is not really suitable for a large family. 这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。 be appropriate to/for... 对……适合；适宜 It is appropriate/proper that... (should) do... ……是合适的 be suitable for/to... 适合的；适宜的 be fit for... 适合；胜任…… 注意　appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等；suitable指适合某种情况或安排；fit指大小适合或胜任某职位；appropriate 等于very proper。 4. exchange n．/v. 交换；交流；调换；兑换 If there had not been an __________programme, he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad. 要是没有一个交流项目的话，他就不可能找到赞助者帮助他到国外学习。(P13) He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake. 他给我一个苹果，来换我的一块蛋糕。(朗文P589) I exchanged seats with Bill. 我和比尔换了座位。(朗文P589) exchange sth. for sth. 拿……交换…… exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物 exchange money 兑换钱币 in exchange for... 交换；调换 do an exchange 作一下交换 cultural exchange 文化交流 exchange rate/programme 汇率/ 交流项目 5．sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者 v. 发起；举办；倡议；赞助 The baseball match is being sponsored by a cigarette company. 棒球赛是由一家烟草公司赞助举行的。(朗文P1702) If I'm going to go and live in the US, I must get an American sponsor. 如果我去美国并在那里居住，必须有美国人作担保。(朗文P1701) sponsor the celebration 主办庆祝会 sponsor sb. 资助某人 sponsor a plan 倡议计划 become one's sponsor 成为某人的赞助人/担保人 6. load n. 负担；负荷物v. 装载；给……负荷 The good news has taken a load off my mind. 这好消息使我如释重负。(文馨P1098) Supporting her family has been a heavy load for her. 养家对她来说是很大的负担。(文馨P1098) take a load off one's mind 使卸下心上重负；使某人如释重负 have a load on one's mind 放心不下 carry a heavy load 负重载 loads of＝ a load of 许多…… 7. take it/things easy 轻松；不紧张；从容 Just take it easy and tell us what happened. 别急，告诉我们发生了什么事。(朗文P597) There's no need to rush back— just take your time. 不要急着赶回来，——慢慢来吧。(朗文P2103) take one's time 别着急，慢慢来 take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/事 take...for granted 对……想当然，认为……理所当然 8. run out of 用完，用尽 The truck has run out of gas again. 卡车的油又用完了。(朗文P1731) Our supplies soon ran out. 我们的补给很快就耗尽了。(朗文P1731) run out 用完，耗尽 give out(物)用完，耗尽；(人)筋疲力尽；发出；分发；宣布 use up 用完；用光 run out＝give out是不及物短语，通常以物作主语；run out of ＝use up是及物短语，多以人作主语 9. make up of 构成，组成(用于被动) Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is a poem made up of five lines Women make up only 30% of the workers. 女性占劳动力的30%。(朗文P1189) I'm trying to make up for the time lost while I was away. 我正在设法弥补我不在期间耽误的时间。(朗文P1189) We didn't make it to the party in the end. 我们最终还是没能参加那个聚会。(朗文P1187) be made out of 由……制成；用……改造而成 make up 组成；编造；化妆 make up for 弥补…… be made of/from 由……制成 be made into 把……制成 be made in(某物)产于某地 make it 获得成功；准时到达 make out 看清；分清；辨认清楚 make the bed 整理床铺 10. try out 测试；试验 I think I will __________his way too some time. 我想将来某个时候也尝试一下他的方法。(P15) The idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice. 这个主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。(朗文P1887) They were let out of prison last week. 他们上周从监狱里放出来了。(朗文P1000) I am counting on you to support me; don't let me down. try out for... 参加竞争…… try on 试穿 try one's best 尽力 try one's luck 试试运气 try one's skill/strength 考验自己的技术/体力 let out 发出；放走；泄露；加宽；加大衣服 let in 让……进来；放进 let down 放下；使失望 let off 开(枪)；放(烟火)；释放；让某人下车 句型 1.There are various _______________people write poetry. 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。(P10) 用法：...reason(s) why意为“……的原因”，why等于for which引导定语从句，修饰先行词 reason。reason后也可以接that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；that也可以引导同位语从句，说明reason的内容。 The reason why he died young was his inatte