好老师在线【自考】自学考试英语(本科段)题目类型和难点分析

自学考试英语(本科段)题目类型和难点分析http://www.ihaols.com好老师在线，省钱好教育找资料，查课程，好老师！好老师在线资料中心查资料，比课程，找好老师！自学考试英语(本科段)题目类型和难点分析自考英语重难点1.强调句Itwaslighteningthatcausedtheforestfirelastyear.正是闪电引起了去年的那场火灾。2.虚拟语气Wehurriedbacktoschoollest/forfearthatit(should)rain.我们匆匆忙忙地赶回学校，生怕天会下雨。3.比较级themore…themoreThemoretimeapersonspendsonhiswork,thelesstimehehastoplay.一个人花在工作上的时间越多，花在玩耍上的时间就越少。4.Thissubjectisfarmoredifficultthaneverybodyhaspreviouslyexpected.这门课程比每个人以前预料的还要难得多。5.morethan…/ratherthan…Apoliticalfigure'ssuccessdependsmoreonexternalfactorsthanhisowncharacteristics.一个政治人物的成功与其取决于他个人的特点，不如说取决于外部因素。6.让步状语Whetheryoubelievehimornot，youhavetomakethedecision.无论你是否相信他，你都必须做出决定。7.nomatterwhat/who/when/how…,Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn'tpersuadehisfriendstogiveuptheadventure.无论他怎么努力，都不能说服他的朋友们放弃冒险。8.despite/inspiteof…,Hedecidedtocarryouttheplaninspiteoftheprotestfromhisparents.他决定不顾父母的反对执行他的。9.结果状语IbrokemyglassessothatIcouldn'tseeclearlywhathappened.我打破了眼镜，以至于看不清当时发生了什么事。10.Thedensityofthestarhasbecomesogreatthatitmayexplodeatsometime.这颗恒星的密度如此之大，以至于它会在某一时刻爆炸。11.非限定性定语从句Asweexpected正如我们所预料的那样/Asiswellknown众所周知，theprojectwasfinishedsuccessfullyontime.项目成功地提前完成。12.形式主语It'snodoubtthatcorrectdecisionsmadetodaywillhaveagoodeffectonfuture.毫无疑问，今天做出的正确决策将对未来有很好的影响。13.形式宾语Manypeoplefinditimportanttokeepagoodlivinghabit.很多人认为保持一个良好的生活习惯非常重要。14.宾语补足语Thenewelectronictechniquesmakepossibletheeffectthathasneverbeencreatedbefore.新的电子技术使得一种从未有过的音响效果成为可能。15.倒装句Notuntilrecentlydidwerealizethatlanguagewascloselyrelatedtoculture.直到最近我们才意识到语言与文化密切相关。16.Undernocircumstancesshouldyouhesitatetoofferyouropinionasitis.在任何情况下你都应毫不犹豫地说出你真实的想法。17.比较状语such…as…Suchpeopleasyoudescribedcanhardlysucceedinnowadays.像你描述的那种人在当今社会很难取得成功。18.原因状语bedifferent/similar…inthat…Robotsaredifferentfromautomaticmachinesinthattheycanbereprogrammedtodoanotherjob.机器人和自动化机器的不同之处在于它能被重新编程完成其它的任务。19.宾语从句peopleholddifferentattitudesasto…人们对于是否应该用动物做实验持不同的态度。peopleholddifferentattitudesastowhetheranimalsshouldbeusedinexperiments.20.并列句…notonly…butalso…Sportscannotonlybenefitourbody,butalsocontributeimmenselytomentalhealth.运动不仅对我们的身体有益，而且还极大地有助于精神健康。重点语法知识讲解1.动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态一览表1.1现在完成时发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。现在完成时的标志：sofar，bynow/uptonow，forthreeyears，since1995，inthepasttwodecades1.2过去完成时过去的过去。1)said，reported，thought等引导的间接引语中。Hemissedthetrain.Hesaidhehadmissedthetrain.2)hardly…when，nosooner…than句型中表示先发生的动作Nosoonerhadhegotupthanhereceivedthecall.3)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中IfIhadtriedharder，Iwouldhavewon.IwishIhaddonebetterintheexam.1.3完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直Thewaterhasbeenrunningthewholenight.1.4过去时过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。过去时的标志：yesterday，in1995，lastweek，inthenineteenthcentury，fiveyearsago等等。2.非谓语动词2.1非谓语动词一览表2.2.非谓语动词作状语动词不定式：1)目的状语;2)结果状语Icameheretomeetyou.(目的)Hehurriedtotherailstationonlytomissthetrain.(结果)分词：1)伴随状语;2)原因状语;3)条件状语4)让步状语;5)时间状语Walkingalongthestreet，hemethisoldfriend.(时间)Beingverytired，myfatherdidn’tgooutwithus.(原因)Madebyhand，thesilkshirtisveryexpensive.(原因)Seenfromthespace，theearthlookslikeablueball.(条件)2.3非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构1)Havingdonetheirhomework，thechildrenbegantoplay.(分词作状语)2)Afterhavingdonetheirhomework，thechildrenbegantoplay.(连词+分词)3)Aftertheyhaddonetheirhomework，thechildrenbegantoplay.(状语从句)4)Withhomeworkdone，thechildrenbegantoplay.(独立结构)2.4非谓语动词作定语1)Ifthereisnochoice，thereisnodecision___(make)。(tobemade)2)Doyouknowtheman____(stand)infrontofthehouse?(standing)3)Thequestion____(discuss)atthemomentisveryimportant.(beingdiscussed)4)Thebridge____(build)inthe1950sisstillingoodcondition.(built)2.5动名词和动词不定式作主语和表语动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况;动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。Risingearlyisgoodforhealth.Toriseearlytomorrowisdifficultforme.Itisdifficultformetoriseearlytomorrow.Mybiggestwishistogoabroad.Seeingisbelieving.作宾语接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，acknowledge，avoid，appreciate，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，forgive，finish，include，involve，mind，putoff，postpone，suggest，feellike，lookforwardto，beusedto，beaccustomedto，etc.接动词不定式作宾语的动词：want，tend，intend，pretend，hope，plan，expect，besupposedto，seem，belikelyto，usedto，bewillingto，desire，force，prefer，start，begin接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：1)forget，remember，regret2)stop，continue3)need/want4)allowdoing/allowsbtodo(1)HowcanIforgetmeetingyouforthefirsttime?Sorry，Iforgottolockthedoor.(2)Ican’tstoplaughing.Canyoustoptogivemeahand?(3)Thegrassneedscutting.Thegrassneedstobecut.(4)Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.3.虚拟语气第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气IfIwereyou，Iwouldbehappytodoit.Ifwehadgotthenews，wecouldhavepreparedearlier.Ifthejobweretosucceed，youshouldworkharder.第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气1)wouldrather+从句2)wish+从句3)ifonly+从句4)asif/asthough+从句5)It’stime+从句Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellmethestorynow.Iwouldratheryouhadtoldmethestoryyesterday.第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。1)suggest，propose，advise，move(动议)，ask，order，require，request，desire，insist，prefer等动词后接的宾语从句;2)suggestion，proposal，advice，motion，order，requirement，request，desire，preference等名词后的同位语从句;3)important，necessary，essential，imperative，desirable，advisable，preferable等形容词用在itis…that…句型中;4)lest，incase，forfearthat等引导的从句中。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itismysuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itisnecessarythatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Hecametotheofficeearlierlesthe(should)misstheimportantmeeting.4.定语从句和名词性从句4.1定语从句：限制性和非限制性定语从句引导定语从句1)关系代词(在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)：which，that，who，whom，whose2)关系副词(在定语从句中作状语)：when，where，why，how名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句引导名词性从句：1)主从连词(不在从句中作任何成分)：that，whether，if2)连接代词(在从句中作主语、宾语、表语)：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever…3)连接副词(在从句中作状语)：when，where，why，how4.2定语从句和同位语从句的区别定语从句对名词进行修饰限制，而同位语从句阐述的是名词的具体内容。从语法上看，that，which在定语从句中做主语或宾语，而同位语的引导词that不在从句中担任任何成分。1)Thestory(that)hetoldmemaynotbetrue.定语从句2)Thestorythathehasmadeafortunemaynotbetrue.同位语从句4.3什么时候用介词+which的形式?如果定语从句缺主语或宾语，用that/which形式。如果定语从句缺状语，用介词+which形式。1)TheplacewhichIvisitedlastweekisverybeautiful.2)TheplaceinwhichIusedtoliveisverybeautiful.4.4which和as引导非限制性定语从句which和as都能引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个一句话。as有“正如”的意思，而which没有。1)Heiseasytogetangry，whichiswellknown.他很容易生气，这一点大家都知道。2)Heiseasytogetangry，aseverybodyknows.正如大家都知道的那样，他很容易生气。2.1强化练习1.动词时态强化练习1.Iwashired(hire)byaSaudidiplomatdirectlyfromthePhilippinestoworkinLondonin1989.解析：过去时的被动语态，标志语：1989.2.However，manypeopledoubtwhetherthiswillreduce(reduce)theincidenceofabuse.解析：一般将来时，表示“会减少”的意思。3.Uptothattime，theblueshadbeen(be)anessentiallyblackmedium.解析：过去完成时，标志语：uptothattime，表示“过去的过去”。4.Ofthese20，000，justunder2000arebeingphysically，sexuallyandpsychologicallyabused(abuse)。解析：现在进行时的被动。5.Ifyoudonot(not，control)it，itwillcontrolyou.解析：一般现在时。主讲从现：主句用将来时，但是时间状语、条件状语和让步状语从句中用现在时。6.Youwillenjoyyourfuntimemoreafteryouhavecompleted(complete)yourstudyresponsibilities.解析：现在完成时，表示“已经完成”。7.Maintainingahealthyself-esteemis(be)achallengethatcontinuesthroughoutlife.解析：一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。8.Thesecondhalfofthenineteenthcenturywitnessed(witness)thefirstextendedtranslationintoEnglishofthewritingsofEliphasLevi.解析：一般过去时，标志语：thesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.9.Alltheworriestheymighthavefeltforhimweredriven(drive)offbythesightofhischeerfulface.解析：一般过去时的被动10.Attemptstobreakupthisoldsystemhavebeenmade(make)ineverypresidentialelectioninthepastonehundredyears.解析：现在完成时的被动，标志语：inthepastonehundredyears.2.非谓语动词强化练习1.Themotherdidn’tknowwhotoblame(blame)forthebrokenglass.解析：who+动词不定式做know的宾语2.Thechildrenbrought(bring)upinthiswaytendtobehealthier.解析：过去分词作定语，表被动。3.Itremindedthepresidenttokeepthecampaignfocused(focus)ontheeconomy.解析：过去分词做宾补。4.Putting(put)foodintoanemptystomachhelpssynchronizethebodyclock.解析：动名词作主语。5.Itseemsreasonabletoassumethat，otherthingsbeing(be)equal，theywouldprefersingletosharedrooms.解析：现在分词用在独立结构中6.Thispoem，iftranslated(translate)wordforwordintoChinese，willmakenosense.解析：连词加过去分词作状语7.Theymayhavetheirpassportsremoved(remove)，makingleavingor“escaping”actuallyimpossible.解析：过去分词作宾补8.Herbody，withhandsandfeetbound(bind)，wasdiscoveredbyatravelerearlyinthemorning.解析：过去分词用在独立结构中9.Icouldn’thelpbutfeel(feel)thisisaverystrangelife.解析：couldn’thelpbut后接动词原形10.Letusconsidertheearthasaplanetrevolving(revolve)roundthesun.解析：现在分词作定语3.虚拟语气强化练习1.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp，wewouldhavebeen(be)inrealtrouble.解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句2.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp，ifhehadnotbeen(notbe)sobusy.解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句3.Itishightimethatwetook(take)firmmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.解析：Itishightime+过去式的虚拟形式4.Itwasimperativethatstudentsfinish(finish)theirpapersbeforeJuly1st.解析：Itwasimperativethat+动词原形的虚拟形式5.Theydemandedthattherighttovotebegiven(give)toeveryadultperson.解析：demand所接宾语从句用动词原形的虚拟形式6.Therewasamistakeonmypaycheck.Ishouldhavereceived(receive)$10more.解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示“本应该收到”而实际上没有。7.Iwouldratherhebought(buy)thehousenextyear.解析：wouldrather后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。8.Themanagertoldustobefriendlytothevisitorsasifwehadmet(meet)thembefore.解析：asif所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。9.Shouldshecometomorrow，I_________takehertothemuseum.×正确为C[A]can[B]will[C]would[D]must解析：与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。10.Ifwe_________everythingreadybynow，weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.正确答案为A[A]hadn’tgot[B]didn’tget[C]wouldn’thavegot[D]wouldn’tget解析：从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时(从bynow可以看出)，所以变为过去完成时。4.定语从句和名词性从句强化练习1.Studieshaveshown_________teenagersoftensufferfromdepression.正确答案为A解析：that引导宾语从句[A]that[B]which[C]inwhich[D]inthat2.Itisawell-knownfact_________apersonwillmoveinacirclewhenhecannotusehiseyestocontrolhisdirection.正确答案为A[A]that[B]if[C]when[D]whether解析：that引导同位语从句3.Ontheotherhandconcernisalsogrowingaboutthepossibilityofaneweconomicorder_________resource-richnationsoftheThirdWorldwouldcombinetosethighcommodityprices.正确答案为C[A]which[B]what[C]that[D]inthat解析：that引导同位语从句4.Itisnotyetknown_________computerswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.正确答案为A[A]whether[B]if[C]that[D]how解析：it为形式主语，whether引导真正的主语从句5.Suchattitudesamounttoabelief_________leisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.正确答案为D[A]which[B]if[C]whether[D]that解析：that引导同位语从句6.Thereasonformakingadecisionis_________aproblemexists，goalsarewrong，orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.正确答案为D[A]why[B]because[C]where[D]that解析：that引导表语从句7._________developedwasamusicreadilytakingonvariousformsandcapableofanalmostlimitlessrangeofexpression.正确答案为A[A]What[B]Whether[C]That[D]Which解析：what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中做主语8.Veryfewpeopleunderstoodthiscontract，_________wasveryobscure.正确答案为B[A]thelanguage[B]thelanguageofwhich[C]allitsaid[D]whichithadsaid解析：thelanguageofwhich引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中做主语9.Oftenmusicwasplayedoutofdoors，_________natureprovidedtheenvironment.正确答案为D[A]which[B]that[C]inwhich[D]where解析：where引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语10.Manyofusvisitedtheindustrialexhibition，_________，toourdisappointment，wesawveryfewhigh-techproducts.正确答案为A[A]where[B]which[C]as[D]that解析：where引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语语法题答题要诀：1)牢记上述表格;2)分清楚题目属于哪种具体情况;3)熟练套用正确形式;4)最后再检查一下是否应作必要的改动：如是否被动，三人称动词后加s，动词的不规则变化等。复习指南：在理解上述表格的适用条件后，再通过大量作题来巩固，及时纠正出现的错误，我们一定能攻克语法难题，在语法部分得到一个理想的分数!参考书：1.《全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)模拟与应试指导》(高远主编)，高等教育出版社。2.历年真题。4、解题思路及答题技巧两大原则：(1)先做主观题，再做客观题。(2)按分值合理分配时间。1.完型填空：(1)上看下看，左看右看，充分利用上下文。(2)熟记固定搭配。ForoverahundredyearsJapanhasconsistentlyspentlargesumsofmoneyandconsiderablehumanresourcesinanefforttoobtaintechnology.Herabilitytonegotiate_________11bythefactthatmostofthetechnologyshewantedwasnocommercialsecrets.Japan’s_________12hasalsobeenstrengthenedbythefactthatherinternalmarketwaslarge，sothat_________13tothismarketcouldbeofferedtomultinationalcompaniesasanattractiontothemtograntlicenses.Besides，Japan’sworkforcewasdisciplined，soitwascapable_________14applyingtheinformationitacquired.Finally，AmericanandEuropeancompanies，whowere_________15licensers，feltthattheJapanesecompaniesmighttakealargeshareoftheworldmarket_________16theywerenotlimitedbylicensingagreement.Conditionsofthissort，_________17togetherinonenation，maywellbeunique，andthecaseofJapanmaythereforenotactuallydemonstratethatlicensingisjustasefficientasmultinationalownershipforthe_________18oftechnology.Infact，Japanmaybefindingthismethodofoperation_________19effectivethaninthepast，asherneedsforoutsidetechnologynowrequireinformationwhich_________20onlyafewcompaniesandismorecloselyheld.11.A.wasstrengthenedB.willbestrengthenedC.willhavebeenstrengthenedD.hasbeenstrengthened12.A.positionB.locationC.placeD.point13.A.entryB.accessC.presenceD.acceptance14.A.atB.inC.forD.of15.A.potentialB.feasibleC.liableD.inevitable16.A.untilB.beforeC.ifD.after17.A.cameB.comeC.willcomeD.coming18.A.transformationB.transferC.transmissionD.shift19.A.muchB.littleC.lessD.more20.A.stickstoB.belongstoC.drawsonD.takeson答案：11DABDA16CDBCB2.阅读理解：(1)根据问题来看文章。(2)围绕中心思想答题。(3)灵活运用各种猜题技巧。(4)充分发挥有关背景知识的作用。例2：(2004下)NASA，theU.S.spaceagency，believesthere’sagoodchancethatwe’renotaloneintheuniverse.Lastfall，NASAbegananewprojectcalledtheHighResolutionMicrowaveSurvey(HRMS)。Itsaim：tofindevidenceoflifeinoneofthebillionsofgalaxiesintheuniverse.Thesearchforintelligentlifeonotherplanetsisn’tnew.Itbeganalmost100yearsago.That’swhenscientistsbuiltahugetransmittertosendradiowavesintospace.Scientiststhoughtsmartbeingsonotherplanetsmightpickupthesignals.Scientistsalsohavesentamessageabouthumansandoursolarsystemtoanearbyconstellation(星座)。Butbecausetheconstellationis25，000lightyearsaway，areturnmessagewouldn’treachEarthfor50，000years!Sodon’twaitupforananswer.Sofar，noextraterrestrial(地球外的)beingsthatweknowofhavereturnedour“calls.”ButaccordingtoDr.JillTarter，anHRMSscientist，wehaven’texactlyhadourearswideopen.“Now，however，”saysDr.Tarter，“we’vebuiltthetoolsweneedtolistenwell.”LastOctober，Dr.Tarterswitchedonthelargestradioreceiverintheworld.It’sanenormousmetalbowlstretching1，000feetacrossavalleyinPuertoRico.Meanwhile，anotherNASAscientistturnedonahugeradioreceiverinCalifornia’sMojaveDesert.NASAhopesthesebigdishes-andothersaroundtheworld-willpickupradiosignalsfromnewworld.Dr.FrankDrakehasbeensearchingforlifeinouterspaceforyears.HeexplainstheHRMSprojectthisway：Tolistentoyourradio，youmovethetuneronthedialuntilthechannelscomeinloudandclear：Nowimagineradioreceiversthatscanourgalaxy“listening”to14millionchannelseverysecond.That’swhatNASA’sradioreceiversinPuertoRicoandCaliforniaaredoing.Butthat’snotall.Powerfulcomputershookedtothereceiversexamineeverysignalcarefully.Thecomputerstrytomatchthesignalstoonesthatscientistsalreadyrecognize，suchashuman-madesignals.Iftheycan’t，DrakeandTartercheckonthem.“Itcouldprovethereisradiotechnologyelsewhereintheuniverse，”saysDr.Tarter.“Andthatwouldmeanwe’renotalone.”26.NASAscientistsstartedanewprojectinorderto_________.A.discoverlifeinothergalaxiesB.sendhumanbeingsintospaceC.findevidenceofanewgalaxyD.confirmthenumberofgalaxies27.AccordingtoDr.JillTarter，thereasonwhywehaven’treceivedanyreturnanyreturnmessagesfromouterspaceisthat_________.A.ourearsarenotsharpenoughtohearthemB.ourequipmenthasn’tbeengoodenoughC.ittakesmillionsofyearsforthemtoreachusD.ittakesquitealongtimetosendthem28.Dr.JillTartercomparesthelargereceiverto_________.A.thehumanearB.theuniverseC.ametalbowlD.ahugedish29.AccordingtoDr.FrankDrake，NASA’sradioreceiversinPuertoRicoandCaliforniaare_________.A.tryingtocheckoneverychannelcarefullyB.movingthetuneronthedialforclearchannelsC.scanningtheuniverseforpossiblesignalsD.pickingupradiosignalsfromnewworld30.Thebesttitleofthispassageis_________.A.SignalsfromtheSpaceB.TheInventionofNewRadioReceiversC.TheIntelligentLifeinOuterSpaceD.NASAListensforSpaceNeighbors答案：26ABACD3.英译汉先看懂全文大意，再用比较通顺的汉语翻译，不必拘泥于原来英文句内的顺序，在不损害原意的基础上适当地增词和减词。例3：I’vespentyearsstudyinghappiness，andoneofthemostsignificantconclusionsI’vedrawnisthis：thereislittlecorrelationbetweenthecircumstancesofpeople’slivesandhowhappytheyare.Amoment’sreflectionshouldmakethisobvious.Weallknowpeoplewhohavehadarelativelyeasylifeyetareessentiallyunhappy.Andweknowpeoplewhohavesufferedagreatdealbutgenerallyremainhappy.Thefirstsecretisgratitude.Allhappypeoplearegrateful.Ungratefulpeoplecannotbehappy.Wetendtothinkthatbeingunhappyleadspeopletocomplain，butit’struertosaythatcomplainingleadspeopletounhappiness.Thesecondsecretisrealizingthathappinessisabyproductofsomethingelse.Themostobvioussourcesarethosepursuitsthatgiveourlivespurposes-anythingfromstudyinginsectstoplayingbaseball.Themorepassionswehave，themorehappinesswe’relikelytoexperience.我花了几年的时间来研究快乐，我得出的一个最重要的结论是：人们的生活状况和他们有多快乐没有多少相关性。片刻的思考就会把这点弄明白。我们都认识一些生活相对轻松但根本不快乐的人，我们也认识一些吃了很多苦但仍能总的保持快乐的人。第一个秘诀就是感激。所有快乐的人都心怀感激，没有感激心情的人不可能快乐。我们往往认为不快乐使得人们抱怨，但是更准确地说应该是抱怨导致人们不快乐。第二个秘诀是认识到快乐是其他事物的副产品。快乐最显而易见的来源是那些使得我们的生活具有目的性的活动——从研究昆虫到打棒球。我们越有激情，我们就越可能体验快乐。2.阅读理解：(1)根据问题来看文章。(2)围绕中心思想答题。(3)灵活运用各种猜题技巧。(4)充分发挥有关背景知识的作用。例2：(2004下)NASA，theU.S.spaceagency，believesthere’sagoodchancethatwe’renotaloneintheuniverse.Lastfall，NASAbegananewprojectcalledtheHighResolutionMicrowaveSurvey(HRMS)。Itsaim：tofindevidenceoflifeinoneofthebillionsofgalaxiesintheuniverse.Thesearchforintelligentlifeonotherplanetsisn’tnew.Itbeganalmost100yearsago.That’swhenscientistsbuiltahugetransmittertosendradiowavesintospace.Scientiststhoughtsmartbeingsonotherplanetsmightpickupthesignals.Scientistsalsohavesentamessageabouthumansandoursolarsystemtoanearbyconstellation(星座)。Butbecausetheconstellationis25，000lightyearsaway，areturnmessagewouldn’treachEarthfor50，000years!Sodon’twaitupforananswer.Sofar，noextraterrestrial(地球外的)beingsthatweknowofhavereturnedour“calls.”ButaccordingtoDr.JillTarter，anHRMSscientist，wehaven’texactlyhadourearswideopen.“Now，however，”saysDr.Tarter，“we’vebuiltthetoolsweneedtolistenwell.”LastOctober，Dr.Tarterswitchedonthelargestradioreceiverintheworld.It’sanenormousmetalbowlstretching1，000feetacrossavalleyinPuertoRico.Meanwhile，anotherNASAscientistturnedonahugeradioreceiverinCalifornia’sMojaveDesert.NASAhopesthesebigdishes-andothersaroundtheworld-willpickupradiosignalsfromnewworld.Dr.FrankDrakehasbeensearchingforlifeinouterspaceforyears.HeexplainstheHRMSprojectthisway：Tolistentoyourradio，youmovethetuneronthedialuntilthechannelscomeinloudandclear：Nowimagineradioreceiversthatscanourgalaxy“listening”to14millionchannelseverysecond.That’swhatNASA’sradioreceiversinPuertoRicoandCaliforniaaredoing.Butthat’snotall.Powerfulcomputershookedtothereceiversexamineeverysignalcarefully.Thecomputerstrytomatchthesignalstoonesthatscientistsalreadyrecognize，suchashuman-madesignals.Iftheycan’t，DrakeandTartercheckonthem.“Itcouldprovethereisradiotechnologyelsewhereintheuniverse，”saysDr.Tarter.“Andthatwouldmeanwe’renotalone.”26.NASAscientistsstartedanewprojectinorderto_________.A.discoverlifeinothergalaxiesB.sendhumanbeingsintospaceC.findevidenceofanewgalaxyD.confirmthenumberofgalaxies27.AccordingtoDr.JillTarter，thereasonwhywehaven’treceivedanyreturnanyreturnmessagesfromouterspaceisthat_________.A.ourearsarenotsharpenoughtohearthemB.ourequipmenthasn’tbeengoodenoughC.ittakesmillionsofyearsforthemtoreachusD.ittakesquitealongtimetosendthem28.Dr.JillTartercomparesthelargereceiverto_________.A.thehumanearB.theuniverseC.ametalbowlD.ahugedish29.AccordingtoDr.FrankDrake，NASA’sradioreceiversinPuertoRicoandCaliforniaare_________.A.tryingtocheckoneverychannelcarefullyB.movingthetuneronthedialforclearchannelsC.scanningtheuniverseforpossiblesignalsD.pickingupradiosignalsfromnewworld30.Thebesttitleofthispassageis_________.A.SignalsfromtheSpaceB.TheInventionofNewRadioReceiversC.TheIntelligentLifeinOuterSpaceD.NASAListensforSpaceNeighbors答案：26ABACD3.英译汉先看懂全文大意，再用比较通顺的汉语翻译，不必拘泥于原来英文句内的顺序，在不损害原意的基础上适当地增词和减词。例3：I’vespentyearsstudyinghappiness，andoneofthemostsignificantconclusionsI’vedrawnisthis：thereislittlecorrelationbetweenthecircumstancesofpeople’slivesandhowhappytheyare.Amoment’sreflectionshouldmakethisobvious.Weallknowpeoplewhohavehadarelativelyea