好老师在线【自考】自学考试英语(本科段)题目类型和难点分析

http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师！ 自学考试英语(本科段)目类型和难点 好老师在线 资料中心 查资料，比课程，找好老师！ 自学考试英语(本科段)题目类型和难点分析 自考英语重难点 1. 强调句 It was lightening that caused the forest fire last year.正是闪电引起了去年的那场火 灾。 2. 虚拟语气 We hurried back to school lest/ for fear that it (should) rain. 我们匆匆忙忙地赶回 学校，生怕天会下雨。 3. 比较级 the more…the more The more time a person spends on his work, the less time he has to play. 一个人花在工作上的时间越多，花在玩耍上的时间就越少。 4. This subject is far more difficult than everybody has previously expected. 这门课程比每个人 以前预料的还要难得多。 5. more than…/rather than… A political figure's success depends more on external factors than his own characteristics. 一个政治人物的成功与其取决于他个人的特点，不如说取决于外部因 素。 6. 让步状语 Whether you believe him or not， you have to make the decision. 无论你是否相 信他，你都必须做出决定。 7. no matter what/ who/when/how…,No matter how hard he tried, he couldn't persuade his friends to give up the adventure. 无论他怎么努力，都不能说服他的朋友们放弃冒险。 8. despite/in spite of …,He decided to carry out the plan in spite of the protest from his parents. 他决定不顾父母的反对执行他的计划。 9. 结果状语 I broke my glasses so that I couldn't see clearly what happened. 我打破了眼镜，以 至于看不清当时发生了什么事。 10. The density of the star has become so great that it may explode at some time. 这颗恒星的密 度如此之大，以至于它会在某一时刻爆炸。 11. 非限定性定语从句 As we expected正如我们所预料的那样/ As is well known众所周知， the project was finished successfully on time. 项目成功地提前完成。 12. 形式主语 It's no doubt that correct decisions made today will have a good effect on future. 毫无疑问，今天做出的正确决策将对未来有很好的影响。 13. 形式宾语 Many people find it important to keep a good living habit. 很多人认为保持一个 良好的生活习惯非常重要。 http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ 14. 宾语补足语 The new electronic techniques make possible the effect that has never been created before. 新的电子技术使得一种从未有过的音响效果成为可能。 15. 倒装句 Not until recently did we realize that language was closely related to culture. 直到 最近我们才意识到语言与文化密切相关。 16. Under no circumstances should you hesitate to offer your opinion as it is. 在任何情况下你 都应毫不犹豫地说出你真实的想法。 17. 比较状语 such … as … Such people as you described can hardly succeed in nowadays. 像 你描述的那种人在当今社会很难取得成功。 18. 原因状语 be different/ similar … in that…Robots are different from automatic machines in that they can be reprogrammed to do another job. 机器人和自动化机器的不同之处在于它能被重新编程完成其它的任务。 19. 宾语从句 people hold different attitudes as to… 人们对于是否应该用动物做实验持不同 的态度。people hold different attitudes as to whether animals should be used in experiments. 20. 并列句 …not only…but also… Sports can not only benefit our body, but also contribute immensely to mental health. 运动不仅对我们的身体有益，而且还极大地有助于精神健康。 重点语法知识讲解 1.动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态一览表 1.1 现在完成时 发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades 1.2 过去完成时 过去的过去。 1)said， reported， thought 等引导的间接引语中。 He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. 2)hardly…when， no sooner… than 句型中表示先发生的动作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call. 3)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中 If I had tried harder， I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2.非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语 动词不定式：1)目的状语;2)结果状语 I came here to meet you. (目的) He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. (结果) 分词：1) 伴随状语;2)原因状语;3)条件状语 4)让步状语;5)时间状语 Walking along the street， he met his old friend. (时间) Being very tired， my father didn’t go out with us. (原 因) Made by hand， the silk shirt is very expensive. (原因) Seen from the space， the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件) 2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构 1) Having done their homework， the children began to play. (分词作状语) 2) After having done their homework， the children began to play. (连词+分词) 3) After they had done their homework， the children began to play. (状语从句) 4) With homework done， the children began to play. (独立结构) 2.4 非谓语动词作定语 1) If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ (make)。 (to be made) 2) Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing) 3) The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed) 4) The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built) 2.5 动名词和动词不定式 作主语和表语 动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况;动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。 Rising early is good for health. To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me. It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow. My biggest wish is to go abroad. Seeing is believing. 作宾语 接动名词作宾语的动词： admit， acknowledge， avoid， appreciate， consider， delay， enjoy， escape， excuse， forgive， finish， include， involve， mind， put off， postpone， suggest， feel like， look forward to， be used to， be accustomed to， etc. 接动词不定式作宾语的动词： want， tend， intend， pretend， hope， plan， expect， be supposed to， seem， be likely to， used to， be willing to， desire， force， prefer， start， begin 接动名词和动词不 定式有不同含义的动词： 1) forget， remember， regret http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ 2) stop， continue 3) need/ want 4) allow doing/ allow sb to do (1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time? Sorry， I forgot to lock the door. (2) I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand? (3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut. (4) We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here. 3.虚拟语气 第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气 If I were you， I would be happy to do it. If we had got the news， we could have prepared earlier. If the job were to succeed， you should work harder. 第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气 1) would rather + 从句 2) wish + 从句 3) if only + 从句 4) as if/ as though + 从句 5) It’s time + 从句 I would rather you didn’t tell me the story now. I would rather you had told me the story yesterday. 第三大类：从句中用 should 加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中 should 可省略。 1) suggest， propose， advise， move(动议)， ask， order， require， request， desire， insist， prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句; 2) suggestion， proposal， advice， motion， order， requirement， request， desire， preference 等名词后的同位语从句; 3) important， necessary， essential， imperative， desirable， advisable， preferable 等 形容词用在 it is … that…句型中; 4) lest， in case， for fear that 等引导的从句中。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off. He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting. 4.定语从句和名词性从句 4.1 定语从句：限制性和非限制性定语从句 引导定语从句 1)关系代词(在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)：which， that， who， whom， whose 2)关系副词(在定语从句中作状语)：when， where， why， how http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ 名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 引导名词性从句： 1)主从连词(不在从句中作任何成分)：that， whether， if 2)连接代词(在从句中作主语、宾语、表语)：what， which， who， whom， whose， whatever， whoever… 3)连接副词(在从句中作状语)：when， where， why， how 4.2 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 定语从句对名词进行修饰限制，而同位语从句阐述的是名词的具体内容。从语法上看，that， which 在定语从句中做主语或宾语，而同位语的引导词 that不在从句中担任任何成分。 1) The story (that) he told me may not be true. 定语从句 2) The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 同位语从句 4.3 什么时候用介词+which 的形式? 如果定语从句缺主语或宾语，用 that/ which 形式。如果定语从句缺状语，用介词+which 形 式。 1) The place which I visited last week is very beautiful. 2) The place in which I used to live is very beautiful. 4.4 which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句 which 和 as 都能引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个一句话。as有“正如”的意思，而 which 没有。 1) He is easy to get angry， which is well known. 他很容易生气，这一点大家都知道。 2) He is easy to get angry， as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那样，他很容易生气。 2.1 强化练习 1.动词时态强化练习 1. I was hired (hire) by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989. 解析：过去时的被动语态，标志语：1989. 2. However， many people doubt whether this will reduce (reduce) the incidence of abuse. 解析：一般将来时，表示“会减少”的意思。 3. Up to that time， the blues had been (be) an essentially black medium. 解析：过去完成时，标志语：up to that time，表示“过去的过去”。 4. Of these 20，000， just under 2000 are being physically， sexually and psychologically abused (abuse)。 解析：现在进行时的被动。 5. If you do not (not， control) it， it will control you. 解析：一般现在时。主讲从现：主句用将来时，但是时间状语、条件状语和让步状语从句中 用现在时。 6. You will enjoy your fun time more after you have completed (complete) your study responsibilities. 解析：现在完成时，表示“已经完成”。 7. Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is (be) a challenge that continues throughout life. 解析： 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 8. The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. 解析：一般过去时，标志语：the second half of the nineteenth century. http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ 9. All the worries they might have felt for him were driven (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face. 解析：一般过去时的被动 10. Attempts to break up this old system have been made (make) in every presidential election in the past one hundred years. 解析：现在完成时的被动，标志语：in the past one hundred years. 2.非谓语动词强化练习 1. The mother didn’t know who to blame (blame) for the broken glass. 解析：who+动词不定式做 know的宾语 2. The children brought (bring) up in this way tend to be healthier. 解析：过去分词作定语，表被动。 3. It reminded the president to keep the campaign focused (focus) on the economy. 解析：过 去分词做宾补。 4. Putting (put) food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock. 解析：动名词 作主语。 5. It seems reasonable to assume that， other things being (be) equal， they would prefer single to shared rooms. 解析：现在分词用在独立结构中 6. This poem， if translated (translate) word for word into Chinese， will make no sense. 解析：连词加过去分词作状语 7. They may have their passports removed (remove)， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. 解析：过去分词作宾补 8. Her body， with hands and feet bound (bind)， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. 解析：过去分词用在独立结构中 9. I couldn’t help but feel (feel) this is a very strange life. 解析：couldn’t help but 后接动词原形 10. Let us consider the earth as a planet revolving (revolve) round the sun. 解析：现在分词作定语 3.虚拟语气强化练习 1. If it hadn’t been for your help， we would have been (be) in real trouble. 解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句 2. He would have given you more help， if he had not been (not be) so busy. 解析：与过去事 实相反的虚拟语气的从句 3. It is high time that we took (take) firm measures to protect our environment. 解析：It is high time +过去式的虚拟形式 4. It was imperative that students finish (finish) their papers before July 1st. 解析：It was imperative that+动词原形的虚拟形式 5. They demanded that the right to vote be given (give) to every adult person. 解析：demand 所接宾语从句用动词原形的虚拟形式 6. There was a mistake on my paycheck. I should have received (receive) $10 more. 解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示“本应该收到”而实际上没有。 http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ 7. I would rather he bought ( buy) the house next year. 解析：would rather 后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。 8. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we had met (meet)them before. 解析：as if 所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。 9. Should she come tomorrow， I _________ take her to the museum. × 正确答案为 C [A] can [B] will [C] would [D] must 解析：与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。 10. If we _________ everything ready by now， we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. 正确答案为 A [A] hadn’t got [B] didn’t get [C] wouldn’t have got [D] wouldn’t get 解析：从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时(从 by now 可以看出)，所以变为过 去完成时。 4.定语从句和名词性从句强化练习 1. Studies have shown _________ teenagers often suffer from depression. 正确答案为 A 解 析：that 引导宾语从句 [A] that [B] which [C] in which [D] in that 2. It is a well-known fact _________ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction. 正确答案为 A [A] that [B] if [C] when [D] whether 解析：that 引导同位语从句 3. On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order_________ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices. 正确答案为 C [A] which [B] what [C] that [D] in that 解析：that 引导同位语从句 4. It is not yet known _________ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision. 正确答案为 A [A] whether http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ [B] if [C] that [D] how 解析：it为形式主语，whether 引导真正的主语从句 5. Such attitudes amount to a belief _________ leisure can and should be put to good use. 正确 答案为 D [A] which [B] if [C] whether [D] that 解析：that 引导同位语从句 6. The reason for making a decision is _________ a problem exists， goals are wrong， or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. 正确答案为 D [A] why [B] because [C] where [D] that 解析：that 引导表语从句 7. _________ developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression. 正确答案为 A [A] What [B] Whether [C] That [D] Which 解析：what 引导主语从句，并在主语从句中做主语 8. Very few people understood this contract， _________ was very obscure. 正确答案为 B [A] the language [B] the language of which [C] all it said [D] which it had said 解析：the language of which 引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中做主语 9. Often music was played out of doors， _________ nature provided the environment. 正确答 案为 D [A] which [B] that [C] in which [D] where 解析：where 引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语 10. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition， _________， to our disappointment， we saw very few high-tech products. 正确答案为 A [A] where [B] which [C] as http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ [D] that 解析：where 引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语 语法题答题要诀： 1)牢记上述; 2)分清楚题目属于哪种具体情况; 3)熟练套用正确形式; 4)最后再检查一下是否应作必要的改动：如是否被动，三人称动词后加 s，动词的不规则变 化等。 复习指南： 在理解上述表格的适用条件后，再通过大量作题来巩固，及时纠正出现的错误，我们一定能 攻克语法难题，在语法部分得到一个理想的分数! 参考： 1.《全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)模拟试卷与应试指导》(高远主编)，高等教育出版社。 2.历年。 4、解题思路及答题技巧 两大原则： (1)先做主观题，再做客观题。 (2)按分值合理分配时间。 1.完型填空： (1)上看下看，左看右看，充分利用上下文。 (2)熟记固定搭配。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate _________11 by the fact that most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’ s _________12 has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large， so that _________13 to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides， Japan’s work force was disciplined， so it was capable _________14 applying the information it acquired. Finally， American and European companies， who were _________15 licensers， felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market _________16 they were not limited by licensing agreement. Conditions of this sort， _________17 together in one nation， may well be unique， and the case of Japan may therefore not actually demonstrate that licensing is just as efficient as multinational ownership for the _________18 of technology. In fact， Japan may be finding this method of operation _________19 effective than in the past ， as her needs for outside technology now require information which _________20 only a few companies and is more closely held. 11.A. was strengthened B. will be strengthened C. will have been strengthened D. has been strengthened 12.A. position B. location C. place http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ D. point 13.A. entry B. access C. presence D. acceptance 14.A. at B. in C. for D. of 15.A. potential B. feasible C. liable D. inevitable 16.A. until B. before C. if D. after 17.A. came B. come C. will come D. coming 18.A. transformation B. transfer C. transmission D. shift 19.A. much B. little C. less D. more 20.A. sticks to B. belongs to C. draws on D. takes on 答案：11D A B D A 16C D B C B 2.阅读理解： (1)根据问题来看文章。 (2)围绕中心思想答题。 (3)灵活运用各种猜题技巧。 (4)充分发挥有关背景知识的作用。 例 2：(2004 下) NASA， the U.S. space agency， believes there’s a good chance that we’re not alone in the universe. Last fall， NASA began a new project called the High Resolution Microwave Survey (HRMS)。 Its aim： to find evidence of life in one of the billions of galaxies in the universe. http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ The search for intelligent life on other planets isn’t new. It began almost 100 years ago. That’s when scientists built a huge transmitter to send radio waves into space. Scientists thought smart beings on other planets might pick up the signals. Scientists also have sent a message about humans and our solar system to a nearby constellation (星座)。 But because the constellation is 25，000 light years away， a return message wouldn’ t reach Earth for 50，000 years! So don’t wait up for an answer. So far， no extraterrestrial (地球外的) beings that we know of have returned our “calls.” But according to Dr. Jill Tarter， an HRMS scientist， we haven’t exactly had our ears wide open. “Now， however，” says Dr. Tarter， “we’ve built the tools we need to listen well.” Last October， Dr. Tarter switched on the largest radio receiver in the world. It’s an enormous metal bowl stretching 1，000 feet across a valley in Puerto Rico. Meanwhile， another NASA scientist turned on a huge radio receiver in California’s Mojave Desert. NASA hopes these big dishes-and others around the world-will pick up radio signals from new world. Dr. Frank Drake has been searching for life in outer space for years. He explains the HRMS project this way： To listen to your radio， you move the tuner on the dial until the channels come in loud and clear： Now imagine radio receivers that scan our galaxy “listening” to 14 million channels every second. That’s what NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are doing. But that’s not all. Powerful computers hooked to the receivers examine every signal carefully. The computers try to match the signals to ones that scientists already recognize， such as human-made signals. If they can’t， Drake and Tarter check on them. “It could prove there is radio technology elsewhere in the universe，” says Dr. Tarter. “And that would mean we’re not alone.” 26.NASA scientists started a new project in order to _________. A. discover life in other galaxies B. send human beings into space C. find evidence of a new galaxy D. confirm the number of galaxies 27.According to Dr. Jill Tarter， the reason why we haven’t received any return any return messages from outer space is that _________. A. our ears are not sharp enough to hear them B. our equipment hasn’t been good enough C. it takes millions of years for them to reach us D. it takes quite a long time to send them 28.Dr. Jill Tarter compares the large receiver to _________. A. the human ear B. the universe C. a metal bowl D. a huge dish 29.According to Dr. Frank Drake， NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are _________. A. trying to check on every channel carefully http://www.ihaols.com 好老师在线，省钱好教育 找资料，查课程，好老师 好老师在线 查资料，找课程，好老师！ B. moving the tuner on the dial for clear channels C. scanning the universe for possible signals D. picking up radio signals from new world 30.The best title of this passage is _________. A. Signals from the Space B. The Invention of New Radio Receivers C. The Intelligent Life in Outer Space D. NASA Listens for Space Neighbors 答案：26A B A C D 3. 英译汉 先看懂全文大意，再用比较通顺的汉语翻译，不必拘泥于原来英文句内的顺序，在不损害原 意的基础上适当地增词和减词。 例 3： I’ve spent years studying happiness， and one of the most