沈阳初三英语家教综合阅读_指代主旨修饰及翻译技巧吴军讲义

沈阳吴军高分英语家教www.sypeterwu.com 024-31688948 沈阳吴军高分英语家教 地址：铁西区启工街地铁口旁第一城D组团5号27层 网址: www.sypeterwu.com 电话： 2014综合阅读(指代/主旨/修饰词/翻译真题)精讲教案 指代题 指代题作为词义题的一种，也是常见题型之一。解这类题，要注意代词批代总的原则——就近指代：代词指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，如上所述，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中；就数而言，单数代词指代单数名词，复数代词指代复数名词： 2008年后一直到2012年,沈阳中考英语有了指代题,其指代的一般是前句的名词，要找对应关系，主语找找语，宾语找宾语，还要看指代词是it,this,that,one(单数名词，不可数名词)，还是those,these,ones(复数名词)? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ◆they指代复数名词主格； We hope that green buildings will become common in the future, because (E) they are good for the environment. 划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________ ◆them指代复数名词宾格: The Green Singapore 2050(GS2050) is a community platform(社区平台) for young people to express their great worries about environmental problems, and think of solutions (解决方法)for (E) them. (2012年沈阳中考) 92.文中划线部分（E）指代的是：_____________ They also gave us signs with numbers on( C) them for competitions during the show. (2008沈阳中考) 划线部分C在文中指代的是_____________ ◆数(单数)：it 指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词)，也可指代一个句子. The boy looked at me closely. Then he took a second piece of my chocolate. I could hardly believe it.（B）Still I didn’t say anything to him. When he took a third piece, I felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, “Well, I shall have the last piece.” And I got (C) it. (2007年沈阳中考) 83.文中能替代划线部分C 的短语是 ________________ It also says that the idea that we need less sleep as we get older is completely untrue(D)‘‘People have no idea how important sleep is to their lives，”Dr Thomas Roth，director of the Foundation says．“Good health needs good sleep’’. “But not too much of (E) it，”says Professor Jim Home of Loughborough University．(2009沈阳中考) 划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________ “Many teachers are under greater pressure (压力) than ever before,” says Kylene Beers, President of the National Council for teachers of English, “Some of (E) it comes from parents, some from the wish for high scores on tests.” Teachers who are under pressure feel the need to assign more homework. (2011沈阳中考) 91.文中划线部分（E）指代的是: An e-reader has the memory space to hold hundreds of books．So people want to (A)扔掉沉书包 and read with small, light e-readers．For example，Cushing Academy，a high school in Massachusetts，USA，replaced(替换)most of the 20，000 books in (B) its library last summer．Teachers and students will use e-readers instead．(2010沈阳中考) 90.文中划线部分(B)指代的是: 9 The next day a picture of a black horse was on the door of the bar instead of (E) that of the white horse. (2009沈阳中考模拟) 划线部分E在文中指代的是_____________ ◆性、数: Max pulled bill’s trousers,as if (E) he was trying to pull him along. (2008沈阳中考) 划线部分E在文中指代的是__________ One day, I couldn’t do it any longer and I suddenly (D) started crying, “Great!” said the director. “I like it. She is crying with true feelings!” I called my mum to tell (E) her about it but my mobile phone (手机) wouldn’t work in the village. (2011沈阳中考) 87.文中划线部分（E）指代的是: ◆one指代单可数名词等。 Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( =a present ) that I have never seen. He gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents ) that I have never seen. 除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外，逻辑和意义也是衡量的标准，也就是说，正确的答案应该从意义(主要指语法搭配)上和逻辑(主要指思想内容)上而言都通顺。 找修饰或描写词语(一般是指形容词或副词) 描写人首先找到表示人的名词或代词,看其表语或修饰定语用了什么形容词; 描写物首先找到表示物的名词或代词,看其表语或修饰定语用了什么形容词;找整体的描述词则需看每一段的首尾句,看一看用了哪些形容词? There was once a woman who wanted a little child. But (A) she did not know where she could get one. So she went to an old woman who knew about magic. The old woman asked her to plant some magic grass in a small pot and wait. The woman went home (B) the magic grass and planted it in a pot. (C) At once a large, beautiful flower grew in the pot. “That is a beautiful flower,” said the woman, and the woman, and she kissed it. Just as she kissed it the flower opened. A little girl was sitting inside the flower. (D)She was a lovely girl, but she was so small! She was smaller than a thumb, so she was (E) named Tumbling. 90 找出文中描写小女孩的词语： ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The little mermaid (美人鱼) lived in a castle in the sea. She was a beautiful girl with no feet. Because her body ended in a fish’s tail. (2013沈阳中考模拟) One fine day, she saw the ship of a handsome prince. Suddenly the sea started to get rough (汹涌). A huge wave capsized (倾覆) the ship but the prince did not know how to swim. The little mermaid saved him. She took him to a beach and returned to the sea. When the prince woke up, he saw a girl. He thought the girl saved his life. He wanted to thank the girl, but (A) he was too weak to speak. The little mermaid fell in love with the prince and wanted to be human. She went to see a witch to (B) _____ her fish’s tail into legs, so she could be with the prince. The mermaid had a beautiful voice. The witch made her exchange her voice for the medicine that would give her legs. The witch told the little mermaid that she must win the prince’s love, (C) or she would die. The next night she swam to the beach. Her legs grew and she walked to the prince’s palace. She danced for the prince but she could not talk to him. To her surprise, the prince told her, he would get married to the woman who saved his life.” The little mermaid was very sad. That night, she dreamed about the witch. The witch told her to kill the prince so she could live and become a mermaid again. The little mermaid decided that she could not kill the prince, so she (D) 跳入大海 to kill herself. The gods of the air saved her, because her heart was pure (纯洁的) and today she lives in the wind with her friends. 80. 在文中找出描写美人鱼的两个形容词: May 20 is National Student Nutrition Day(营养日). Why is student nutrition important? Just as a cell phone needs energy from charging(充电), we humans need energy from food. While eating food is the only way to (A) 使我们强壮， what we eat and the way we eat it are also very important, because they decide (B) whether we can get good nutrition. Many of us have bad eating habits. For example, some don’t eat breakfast. Others eat too (C) _____ fast food. These bad habits may cause nutrition problems, which are bad for the growth of our bodies. A study by the government in 2005 showed that (D) over 20 percent of people aged 13 to 20 have nutrition problems, such as obesity(肥胖) and high blood pressure. More students of Chinese middle and primary schools are (E) ____ having nutritious meals, such as milk and fruit. This year, the theme(主题) of National student Nutrition Day is “improve the nutrition of students in the countryside”. (F) The government will spend quite a lot helping students get nutritious meals. (2012沈阳中考) 88.从文中找出一个有关营养不良的症状的词语: _________。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What is it like being an actor? Many people think it must be wonderful because we travel to exciting places, wear beautiful clothes and (A)挣钱多. This is only one aspect(方面) of our lives though. We also work very hard. (2011沈阳中考) I played a country girl in my last (B) movie. I had to live in a small village with the other actors for part of the winter. (C)It was really hard for me as I grew up in a city. To help me play a country girl better, I cooked for myself and the others every day. I even walked a few miles sometimes to get water, as there was none in the houses. I wanted to understand how a real village girl lived. I thought it was fun at first. I felt different after a week or two, though. I did wear some beautiful traditional clothes, but they were not thick enough. I was very cold but I had to keep smiling all the time! One day, I couldn’t do it any longer and I suddenly (D) started crying, “Great!” said the director. “I like it. She is crying with true feelings!” I called my mum to tell (E) Her about it but my mobile phone (手机) wouldn’t work in the village. I think it is worth doing all this, though. I like it when people tell me they enjoy my plays and ask me to sign a picture. It is also fun to be someone else for a while. I’m very lucky to be an actor. 88.从文中找出有关赞美方面的两个形容词: Do you carry too much on the way to school or home? Don’t worry．Try e-readers(电子阅读器)and say goodbye to your heavy schoolbag． An e-reader has the memory space to hold hundreds of books．So people want to(A)扔掉沉书包 and read with small, light e-readers．For example，Cushing Academy，a high school in Massachusetts，USA，replaced(替换)most of the 20，000 books in (B) its library last summer．Teachers and students will use e-readers instead． Most e-readers are thin and weigh less than 500g．They can download(下载)an e-book in 60 seconds.“It's (C) so easy．You can have a lot of books right at your fingers!” said Meghan Chensusky． Chinese schoolchildren are also trying e-readers．At the Shanghai World Expo(世博会)，an e-schoolbag is now on show．It is a special e-reader．Students can use it to download textbooks from the school servers(服务器).(D)It can also send and receive homework．Some Schools in Beijing and Shanghai have tried this e-schoolbag for a few years．“It’s excellent．I (E) don't have to carry a heaw schoolbag anymore,”said Xiao Qi，15，Beijing． New e-readers are not just for reading．They have Wi-Fi and multimedia(无线电视和多媒体)．Parents worry that these may hurt their children's study habits． “I think Wi-Fi is not necessary for kids，”said Zeng Wenwen,43,Beijing．(2010沈阳中考) 93．从文中找出两个修饰或描写e-reader的形容词：________ ________ Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in town, I wanted to have a rest before catching the train. I bought a newspaper and some chocolate and went into the station coffee shop. It was a cheap self-service place with long tables to sit at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, put the newspaper and chocolate on the table and then (A) 去要一杯咖啡. When I came back with the coffee, there was someone sitting in the next seat. It was a boy, with dark glasses and old clothes, and his hair was coloured bright red at the front. He had started to eat my chocolate! Naturally, I was rather uneasy about him, but I didn’t want to have any trouble. I just looked down at the front page of the newspaper, tasted my coffee and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me closely. Then he took a second piece of my chocolate. I could hardly believe it. （B）Still I didn’t say anything to him. When he took a third piece, I felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, “Well, I shall have the last piece.” And I got (C) it. The boy gave me a strange look, then stood up. As he left he shouted out, “There’s something wrong with that woman!” Everyone looked at me, but I did not want to quarrel with the boy, so I kept quiet. I did not realize that I had made mistake until I finished my coffee and was ready to leave. My face turned red when I saw my unopened chocolate (D) _______ the newspaper. The chocolate that I had been eating was the boy’s! (2007沈阳中考) 85. 文中描写男孩目光神情的词语是 ____________ One of the strangest jobs at the Oscars is that of a seat-filler. When one of the stars needs to go to the bathroom, a seat-filler sits in the star's seat. That way, the TV cameras won't show any empty seats. Kathy Muller talks about her night as a seat-filler. (A) I was told to reach the theater in the middle of the day, wearing my dress for the evening. There were about 200 of us seat-fillers, all very excited. We were told what we should and shouldn't do (for example, "Don't talk to the stars") , and then ( B) 我们一直等到五点钟。 That's when the stars started coming. The show started at six o'clock. We had to stand outside the doors. Then, when someone came put to go to the bathroom or have a cigarette( 香烟) , we were told to go and sit in their seat. ( C) The show was three hours long, and I only sat down five times. By the end, I was really tired, but I was happy because, during the evening, I sat behind Jim Carrey ( he's very tall !) and close to Denzel Washington, Nicole Kidman and Julia Roberts. It was an exciting night, but I think ( D )_______ year I'll watch the Oscars on TV at home like everyone else ! (2006沈阳中考) 85.从短文中找出两个描写心情的形容词 主旨题(中心思想题/主题句) 秘诀一: 文章每一段的首尾句反复出现的名词或名词词组就是主旨大意的中心词! Singapore is not just a clean and tidy city in the world, it’s also the greenest. There are (A) 三个原因 why it is so. (2012年沈阳中考) Say “No” to waste Singaporeans do not waste a single drop of water. They recycle(再循环) water and save (B) almost all rainfall. The water can be used for industry and even drinking. Many “green” buildings. The Duke-NNs Graduate Medical School is one of the great examples of ( C) pretty green design. It uses sustainable design elements(可持续发展的设计元素) in its school building. ( D) Singapore has many green buildings like this. Get them while they’re young The Green Singapore 2050(GS2050) is a community platform(社区平台) for young people to express their great worries about environmental problems, and think of solutions (解决方法)for (E) them. Why 2050? It’s because these young people will be the ones to run the country in 2050, and hopefully they will solve the world’s problems. 93. 从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词： 。 A young girl sits at her desk, reviewing her homework for the evening. English: Read three chapters and write a report. Math: Complete 30 problems. Science: Do a worksheet, front and back. French: (A) Study new words for tomorrow’s test. It’s going to be a long night. This happens to students in America. Now it’s time to start a homework revolution(变革). Do students in the United States receive too much homework? According to the National Education Association, a student should be assigned (布置) no more than 10 minutes per grade level per night. For example, a first grader should only have 10 minutes of homework, a (B) grader, 20 minutes, and so on. This means that a student in my grade—seventh—should have no more than 70 minutes of work (C) each night. Yet this is often doubled, sometimes even worse! It’s no good giving students too much homework. According to research, kids are developing more illness at school, such as stomachaches, headaches and sleep problems than before. Everybody (D) that teachers are the ones who assign homework, but they are not the only ones to blame (受责备). “Many teachers are under greater pressure (压力) than ever before,” says Kylene Beers, President of the National Council for teachers of English, “Some of (E) it comes from parents, some from the wish for high scores on tests.” Teachers who are under pressure feel the need to assign more homework. Some people have different ideas, saying that homework prepares kids for doing better in high school, better in college, and (F) 今后找到更好的工作. But too much homework is sapping students’ strength, curiosity（削弱学生的个性和好奇心), and most importantly, their love of learning, is that really what teachers and parents want? (2011沈阳中考) 93.从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词: 93. homework Is there a chocolate-powered racing car in the world? Hey!You have read too (A)________ children's books! But wait!Now，there is really such a racing car in the world．A team from a British university made it． The chocolate-powered racing car's engine(发动机) uses waste from chocolate factories or vegetable oil as fuel (燃料)．Its body (B)用土豆制成，its steering wheel is made from carrots，its seat is made of soybeans，(C)________its brake pads(刹车片)are made from nuts!Well，can this car run very fast? (D) Certainly!It can go from zero to 60 miles per hour in 2.5 seconds，and go as fast as 135 miles per hour．When the racing car is running，it cleans itself and lets out oxygen． “It took us more than nine months to (E) complete the racing car，”said a team member．“The car is really green． You can find many of the car's parts at a farmer's market or even in a litter bin because most of the materials(材料) are waste in most people’s eyes．It’s fun．” However，(F)this eco-friendly (环保的) car cannot be driven in the official(正式的)race because of the engine's unusual fue. (2010沈阳中考) 88．从文中找出能说明本文中心大意的短语：________ Operation Smile was started by a doctor and his wife，a nurse．In 1982 they (A)_________ to the Philippines，with a group of volunteers(志愿者)to help children who had problems with their faces．These children had holes in their lips or inside their mouths．It was very (B)difficult for these children to eat． They helped many children in the Philippines，but they were sad，because (C)他们没有足够的钱to help all the children. They decided to start a charity(慈善机构)So that they could help them．They called it Operation Smile． Now Operation Smile helps children in ( D )more than twenty developing countries and has cured(治愈)about ten thousand children．Operation Smile has won many prizes for its work and in 1999，another special activity was started，which was called“The World Journey of Hope”．During this activity， more than five thousand chiIdren with holes in their mouths and lips were cured in eighteen different countries around the world． Operation Smile also trains doctors in developing countries SO that they can continue to help children even(E)________ the Operation Smile team has left the country．Children with serious problems are brought to the USA for treatment(治疗)．(F)All of this costs a lot，so please give as much as possible．Many thanks from the children who can now smile. (2009沈阳中考) 82.找出能说明本文中心大意的主题短语: 秘诀二: 看文章每段首尾句都含有什么中心词,然后判断这几句含有中心词的短语哪句更概括, 如：the best(first,only…)way to do…;They were making e-mails on the internet at home) , 最全的就是说明主题的短语;有时或再多看一下第一段的第二句和第二段的第二句,看一看还有没有更全面的中心短语,从而突破! In July 2001，Zhang Jian, a 37-year-old swimmer landed in Calais, France after swimming for twelve hours. He became the first Chinese ever to cross the English Channel. The 33.8-kilometre channel has attracted many swimmers because it is one of the most difficult to cross. Zhang Jian (A)______ at 1:30 p.m. (Beijing time) on July 29, 2001. After putting some oil on his skin to help keep warm, he (B) stepped into the sea from Shakespeare Beach, Dover. Most of the time, (C) Zhang swam freestyle to save energy. But he had to change his style along the way because the ocean currents changed every six hours and the water was so cold. During the crossing, he ate some food and had some drinks. About three hours before he landed in Calais, a British guide jumped into the sea and (D) 和他一起游泳. At 1:25 a. m. on July 30, 2001, Zhang walked onto the beach at last. (E) A lot of people were waiting for him on the beach. Among them were his family and friends. They were very proud of him. A foreign reporter spoke highly of him, “He has shown us what is courage and what is strength.” (2007沈阳中考) 90．在文中找出最能解释主题的语句 _________________________ Is it hard for you to get up early and get ready for classes ? Some students at Winter Park High School just quickly get up and go to class in their own bedrooms. Of course, their teachers and classmates do not see them because all their class work is on the computer. The Florida High School, the state’s only on-line school, has 250 students who are taking classes at home by computers. “I’m a lot more comfortable at home,” said Luke Levesque, a 16-year-old who is taking a computer class on line. He thinks (A) the school’s computer lab is so noisy that he can’t study well.” Home is much better,” he says. Students in this first on-line program take classes in math, American government, chemistry, computer, and Web-page design. They also have to go to regular( 正规的) school to attend other classes. When a student is ready to begin in class, he or she (B) _______the computer, reads the teacher’s instructions, and begins working on the lesson for the day. What happens if a student has a question for the teacher ? Or the teacher wants to say something about the work a students is doing ? The student and the teacher talk