非谓语动词课件

nullnull非谓语动词 -- （修订版）——人大附中201203null非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbsnull非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式null1.谓语动词：概述：2. 非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.null1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.null4.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. 5.I want to see you. 6.I want him to see you. 7.My hope is to see you. 8.He is the man to see you. 9.I’m glad to see you. 10.I went to see you. 11.He went so early as to see you（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）null12.Swimming is his favourite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favourite sport is swimming. 16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.(作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作状语）(作定语）null动词不定式（The Infinitive）一. 动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done二. 动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。null动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语 宾语表语 定语 状语 宾补null(1)作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe． Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour ___ get there by bus.句型2：It’s + n. + to doIt’s our duty __ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment __ spend our holiday in the mountainsnull句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的） （ Kind/nice/good/clever…）（是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.＝You are very kind to give me some help.　＝you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.　null常见动词有：(2)作宾语 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等I don’t expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做宾语1. They wanted ____( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? 2. He said he wished ______( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed______ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred ______ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised ______ ( give ) me a hand.nullB. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope you’ll advise me what to do.I don't know how to get there.I haven't decided whether to go or stay. nullbegin start continue +to do doing注意下列动词①begin,start,continue+to do/doing 没有区别null②like love hate +to do doing+doing...表示一种习惯（always） +to do....表示某一次性的行为(now)null③remember forget regret+to do doingremember/forget/regret+to do : 记得/忘记/后悔去做某事 (未做) remember/forget/regret+ doing : 记得/忘记/后悔做过某事 (已做)null④try mean stop go on+to do doing+to do 做另一件事情（已经完成一件工作） +doing 做同一件事（还没完成) mean to do 打算，想 mean doing 意味着null1. Boys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing　B. closed　C. to closing　D. to close 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock. A. to have rested　B. resting　C. to rest　D. rest 4. Remember _______ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off　B. turning off　C. turn off　D. to turning offnull(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1. Mother told me ___ come back before  10 o’clock. 2. I’ll get someone ___ repair the recorder  for you. 3. What caused him ___ change his mind? 4.I wish you ___ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me ___do the work with himnulladvise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wish oblige want warn remind promise permit persuade request…sb. to donullsee watch look at hear listen to feel notice+sb. +do doing donemake let havenullsb. beseen watched looked at heard listened to felt noticed+to do made letnull2).I often hear them (sing) this song. Did you notice anyone (come )in ? I would have him (wait) for me for a long time. Look at the horse jump. 注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式则要加上“ to” 如： He is often heard ________ the song· He was seen _______ the room. to singto enternull4. it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting ．I find/feel it interesting to work with him．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it +adj/n + to do sth. 1.We thought ___ better ___ start early. 2.Do you consider ___ better not __ go? 3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that. 4.We think __ important __ obey the law. 5.I know __ impossible __ finish so much homework in a day.null用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me ______(help) you _______ (water) the flowers. 2.Little Sandy would love _______(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate ______(cry), today he was made _______(cry) by his deskmate. 4. I saw him _______ into the small store. A. went　B. going　C. to go　D. has gone 5. Tell the boy _______ out of the window. not to look B. to not look　C. don't look　D. not look help(to)waterto takecryto crynull 5. I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? (区别主被动） 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there. 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave the room. 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in. null1.The house is not big enough for us all_______. A. to live in　B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _______? A. to cut the fruit with　B. to cut the fruit  C. cutting the fruit　D. cutting the fruit with 3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？ I have no pen （写）to write onto write with动词不定式做定语null注意： 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如： He is looking for a room to live in ． Please give me a knife to cut with．(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see you． We were very excited to hear the news． He hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him．(目的) (原因)(结果) (条件)null动名词（gerund）一. 动名词的基本构成二. 动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰I hope you don’t mind my saying it.null2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Are you for or against having the meeting. I insisted on leaving at once.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语①Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun ② It`s + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous ③ There is no + doing...①It is no use crying. ②It is no good objecting ③Looking after the patients is a nurse`s job. ④It`s dangerous playing with fire. ⑤It`s a waste of time copying other`s homework. ⑥There is no joking about the matter. null2.可作宾语① S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book? I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise 喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/can`t help 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在动词advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如 We don’t allow people to fish here. 我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。 People are not allowed to fish here. 人们不准在这儿钓鱼。null prefer…..to….. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in can`t help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) ②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S. + v. + prep. + doinge.g. ①She sat there without (speak) ②I look forward to (see) him again. ③Are you used to (live) there alone? ④When my father heard the news, he couldn't help (laugh). ⑤I don`t feel like (go) to see the film. ⑥He was busy (prepare) his lessons.null③主动表被动: want (需要) 　　　 need (需要) 　　　　 require (需要) Sth. + + doing 　　　 be worth (值得) 使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义to be done使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义① The room wants (clean). ② The method needs (improve). ③ This pair of shoes require (mend). ④ The problem needs (work out). ⑤ The question is well worth (discuss)nulld）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。What would you like to eat tonight? 你今晚上想吃什么？null五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语 1).物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语: Mary`s coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Rose’s going won’t be of much help. 2).人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: I`m sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I don’t mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking. null分词：Participles 一 分词的概述1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现 在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）。 2. 现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词 3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。null现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled waternull二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语He is a promising young man.   Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child.   We only sell used books.  我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.  现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。nullThe bridge built last month needs repairing.  上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如：Those who wish to join the club should sign here(Those wishing to join this club should sign here.    )想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The man,  who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. null（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题  （既表示被动也表示完成）the fallen leaves 落下的树叶  (只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring.   你所说的真令从鼓舞。null3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。nullA）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. nullHearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.When they heard the bad newsnullGiven more attention, the trees could have grown better.If they had been given more attentionnullBeing so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.Because he was so angrynullThey came into the classroom, singing and laughing.nullTo serve the people well, I study hard.null将下列状语从句改为非谓语 短语作状语： 1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.null2. When he found the door locked, he went home.nullHe started early in order that he could get there on time.null将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her. 2. Entering the room, I saw a strange sight. 3, Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.null4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman . 5. Hearing her friend was bad- ly hurt, she burst into tears. 6. Knowing his team had won, he became happy at once.null不定式时态、语态的用法1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态 He wanted to see you 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态 When I came in ,he pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时 He is said to have written a novel . I’m so glad to have seen you . The ground is so wet ,It must have rained last night 不定式被动语态的用法. A, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态 She asked to be sent to work in Tibet (宾语) The book is said to have been translated into English It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here (主 语)null句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被 动关系，也还要用主动语态 1, Give him some book to read \Do you have any clothes to wash ? “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid 2, S +be+easy \difficult \hard \pleasant \interesting \exciting \ comfortable +to do This question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach 3, The house is to let \The manager is to blame .\The reason is not far to seek . 4There be句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同 There is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now )现在没事干 There is nothing to be done now (we can do nothing now )现在没什 么 There is nothing to see (nothing is worth seeing )没有东西值得看 There is nothing to be seen 看不见有什么东西null分词时态、语态的用法 如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。 Not having finished his homework ,Tom was made to stay at school . Having closed all the windows ,I went home Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy . 分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关 系时被动的，要用被动语态 1.Looking out of the window, I can see many cars and buses. 2.Seen from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful. 3.The teacher came in, _______many students.(follow) 4.The teacher came in, _______by many students.(follow)followingfollowed 如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。 1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter. 2. The house being built now is a Hope Project School. 3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried onto an ambulance. nullTask: complete the following sentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗）?the maid asked. 2.________________(没有完成作业),Tom was forbidden to watch TV. 3.________________(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter. 4.________________(被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited. 5.The difficult maths problem ____________________(很难算出）. 6.She was angry for __________________(没有被邀请）to the ball. 7.The thief stole into the store_________________(没人看到） 8.The flat _________________(出租） 9.The man who was on duty that day _________________(应受谴责） 10.They were proud of ____________________(被派往西藏去工作） 11.When the teacher came in, Tom _________________(假装再看书） 12.Ni Ping is said ____________________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书） 13.Song Dandan is said _______________(在写一本叫“月子”的书） 14._________________(从窗户往外看), I can see many tall buildings. 15._________________(从山顶往下看), the city looks more beautiful. 16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’t bother him. 17._________________(他有很多活要干) and you can go ,too. Do you have any clothes to be washed Not having finished his homework, Being painted Not having been invited to the ball,is difficult to work outnot having been invitedwithout being seenis to letis to blamehaving been sent to work in Tibetpretended to be reading to have written a book called “The Days”to be writing a book named “ The Months”Looking out of the window, Seen from top of the hill, He has a lot of work to do He has a lot of work to be donenull分词的时态和语态构成（以study和go为例）null动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。null选出下面习题正确1 -I’m hungry, and I want to eat the cake. -What! it is not good_______ A. for eating B. to be eaten C. to eat D.at eating 2 It’s important_____ and helpful. A. to kind B. be kind C. kind D.to be kind 3.It took Alice and me an hour ______out the problem. A. to work B. working C.work D.for working. 4.I found it very important ______ English well. A. learning B. learn C. to learn D.learned 5.It’s very nice _____you to ______me about it. A. for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D.of; tellnull非谓语动词 (训练时间：50分钟　分值：50分) null一、单项选择(42分) 1．(2011·扬州)We can make a fire ________the room warm so that we can chat for a while. A．to keep B．keeping C．keep D．kept 【解析】由句意“我们可以生火让房间暖和起来，以便我们能闲聊一会儿”知此处应为动词不定式作目的状语，故选A。 【答案】A null2．(2011·广东)Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting ________a foreign language. A．learning B．learns C．learn D．to learn 【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。find it＋adj.＋to do sth.“发现做某事怎么样”是一种固定句式，故选D。 【答案】D null3．(2011·兰州)We can't work out the physics problem.Can you tell us ________？ A．how to do B．what to do it C．how to do it D．what should to do 【解析】本题考查“疑问词＋不定式”的用法。句意为“我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样做吗？”how to do sth.“怎样做某事”，do后的宾语不能省略。故选C。 【答案】C null4．(2011·广州)May I have a rest? I have already finished ________the report. A．write B．writing C．to write D．written 【解析】finish后若跟动词，要用v.­ing形式，故选B。 【答案】B null5．(2011·广州)—I feel a bit hungry now. —Why not ________for dinner with us? A．go B．did you go C．to go D．do you go 【解析】本题考查why not的用法。why not与why don't you同义，其后要接动词原形，故选A。 【答案】A null6．(2011·盐城)Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time ________what you like every day. A．do B．to do C．doing D．done 【解析】have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”是固定短语，故选B。 【答案】B null7．(2011·怀化)—Don't forget ________your homework，John. —OK.I'll do right now. A．doing B．do C．to do 【解析】forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事(还没做)”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事(已经做了)”。由句意“约翰，别忘了做作业。”知选C。 【答案】C null8．(2011·呼和浩特)At last the boy was made ________and began to laugh. A．stop crying B．to stop to cry C．to stop crying D．stop to cry 【解析】make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役动词make变为被动式时，后面省略的to要补充出来。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。由题意知选C。 【答案】C null9．(2011·临沂)If prices rise too high, the government has to do something ________it. A．stop B．stopped C．stopping D．to stop 【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。由句意“如果价格涨得过高，政府必须做一些事情来阻止它。”可知用动词不定式作目的状语。 【答案】D null10．(2011·潍坊)The new treatments ________by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers. A．invent B．invents C．inventing D．invented 【解析】句意为“由诺曼·白求恩发明的新的治疗帮助了许多士兵”。由句意可知用过去分词短语invented by Norman Bethune作后置定语修饰名词treatments。故选D。 【答案】D null11．(2011·芜湖)—I often have hamburgers for lunch. —You'd better not.It's bad for you ________too much junk food. A．eat B．to eat C．eating D．ate 【解析】“It's＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。句中it作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。 【答案】B null12．(2011·河北)Whenever you have a chance ________English，you should take it. A．speak B．to speak C．spoke D．speaks 【解析】本题考查动词不定式。由句意“无论什么时候你有一个说的机会，你应该抓住它。”可知用不定式短语作后置定语。 【答案】B null13．(2011·铜仁)—It's a fine day today.How about ________？ —Sounds great! A．go hiking B．go to hike C．going hiking D．to go to hike 【解析】How about...？意为“……怎么样？”about是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式，故排除A、B、D三项。go hiking“去徒步旅行”。 【答案】C null14．(2011·乌鲁木齐)Water Park is a good place ______. A．to have fun B．have fun C．having fun D．to have a fun 【解析】have fun是固定短语，意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”。由句意“水上公园是一个游玩的好地方”可知用动词不定式作后置定语。 【答案】A null15．(2011·烟台)When I was walking past the window