英国政党制度

null 孙晶晶 刘洁琼 石青山The political parties of The United KingdomnullTwo party systemGovernmentthe Opposition一、British Political Parties 在地板中央有两排相距2.5米的红线,传说是为了正好超过两柄剑的长度。历史上，此举是为了避免下院的辩论演变为冲突。今天在下院辩发言时两方议员不得超越该线。若有议员在发言时越过该线，将会遭到对方的斥责。这可能也是英文用语“to toe the line”（循规蹈矩）的出处。 有趣的是，下院议事厅只有427个坐位，但议员总数却合共650人，并不能安置所有议员。因此，如果有议员迟到，而议事厅又满座的话，那他就只好站在议事厅的入口处，继续参与会议。null the Conservative Party 保守党 the Labour Party 工党 the Social and Liberal Democrats 自由民主党 The first two parties have been in power by turns since 1945. Britain is one of the world appears the earliest bourgeois parties, and the first to establish and implement two-party system.Three Major Parties in Britain:1、The Conservative Party 保守党1、The Conservative Party 保守党When the lower house parliamentary group composed of all the conservative party, which would organize the cabinet or shadow cabinet.影子内阁 所谓“影子内阁”是指某些资本主义国家的在野党为准备上台执政而设的预备内阁班子。它往往由下议院中最大的反对党领袖，物色下院中有影响的本党议员，按内阁形式组建而成。 这种由英国保守党首创，后为一些英联邦国家所采用。nullDavid William Donald Cameron 戴维·卡梅伦 *Conservative Headquarters 英国伦敦米尔班克30号 SW1P 4DP2005年12月6日就任2、The Labour Party 工党2、The Labour Party 工党It is strong in the heavily-populated industrial areas and particularly associated with the working class. It is a nationwide organization, some resources depends on the trade unions conference.feature:null Ed Miliband 埃德·米利班德 Headquarters 旧皇后街16号 伦敦 SW1H9HP2010年9月25日James Gordon Brown 戈登·布朗James Gordon Brown 戈登·布朗Former leader of The Labour Party and The former British prime minister3、The Liberal Democrats 自由民主党3、The Liberal Democrats 自由民主党More emphasis on domestic economic development and social justice, the balance between the importance assigned areas of "fairness" issues and the environmental and ecological protection. 对内较强调经济发展与社会正义之间的平衡，重视分配领域的“公平”问以及环境、生态的保护。nullexternal opposition to racial discrimination and advocated improved relations with the Third World, emphasizing the maintenance of peace and common development. Has more than 10 million members around the British. 对外反对种族歧视，主张改善与第三世界的关系，强调维护和平，共同发展。有党员约10余万 .Nicholas Clegg 尼古拉斯·克莱格Nicholas Clegg 尼古拉斯·克莱格2007年12月18日上任4、Minor parties 次要政党4、Minor parties 次要政党Political parties have seats in the House of Commons：（在下议院拥有席位的政党） 民主工会党（Democratic Unionist Party，9席） 独立基德明斯特医院和卫生组织（Independent Kidderminster Hospital and Health Concern，1席） 威尔士党（Plaid Cymru，The Party Of Wales，3席） 苏格兰国家党（Scottish National Party，6席） 新芬党（Sinn Féin，5席），因不愿宣誓而不出席 社会民主工党（Social Democratic and Labour Party，3席） 北爱尔兰工会党（Ulster Unionist Party，1席） RESPECT团结联盟（1席） 二、 The general election 大选 二、 The general election 大选The election is held by secret ballot无记名投票. Each voter goes to a particular voting station on the election day to cast his vote. The candidate who wins the most votes in each constituency becomes a Member of Parliament. The party which wins over half of the constituencies is the majority in the House of Commons, therefore it have power to form the new government, and its leader will be the Prime Minister.nullnullThe final result of the 2010 election ： the Conservative Party won 307 seats, Labour Party won 258 seats, the Liberal Democrat Party won 57 seats, other parties got 28 seats.No party won more than half of the seats(326) in lower house of parliament , which produced the "Hung Parliament"悬浮议会. Hung Parliament 悬浮议会 Hung Parliament 悬浮议会The meaning is that no one party to win a majority of the 650 seats in the House of Commons. Such as Britain's general election in 2010 , the Labour party, conservative party and the Liberal Democrats Party are comparable. Conservative Party became the biggest party of the house of Commons(its leader, Mr Cameron). but the Conservative Party did not reach the required 326 seats in parliament.So Britain will be the first "hung parliament" since 1974.nullIn this case, the Liberal Democratic Party will become the key to form coalition. After fierce bargaining,the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party form the first coalition since the second world war, replaced the 13 years ruling of Labour Party. the leader of Conservative Party, David Cameron became the prime minister, the Liberal Democratic Party's leader Nick clegg served as the deputy prime minister .null With the theory of the political spectrum, the Conservative Party in the centre-right, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) belongs to the left. Looking from the policy stance, the two parties have a lot of differences. But, WHY the Liberal Democratic Party choose the Conservative Party to form coalition?nullFirst,please watch a video about it from PhoenixNet null1.the list of the new cabinet2.Both two parties have a concession让步2.Both two parties have a concession让步The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reported the two parties' agreement points, including: The Liberal Democratic Party agreed to give up the plan of levying "property tax" to the real estate that more than 2 million pounds on the market price; the Conservative Party gave up to increase the tax threshold to 1 million pounds. 自民党同意放弃对市价200万英镑以上不动产征收“物业税”的；保守党放弃把遗产税征收门槛提高到100万英镑。nullThe Conservative Party supports the LDP‘s advice that increase difficulties students' education subsidies. 保守党支持自民党所提增加困难学生教育补助的建议。 The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) commits,during a new session of parliament do not offer to join the euro zone; Both sides have agreed that any act that involves to transfer partial of state power to EU need to referendum. 自民党承诺，新一届议会期间不提议加入欧元区；双方同意，任何涉及把部分国家权力转移至欧盟的举动均需经全民公决。nullMr Cameron need give up the power of the early elections. 卡梅伦放弃提前举行大选的权力 The term of new parliament is 5 years, and the next parliamentary election will hold at May 2015. 新一届议会任期5年，下次议会选举定于2015年5月举行。nullIn general,the British general election from the begining to the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party finally form a coalition government, it's always appear complicated conditions. it's widely seen as affected by several factors synthetically: 1.The impact of the international financial crisis. 英国经济和社会问题凸显，任何政党或领袖面对目前的困境都很难开出治国“良方”，各阶层选民的政治期待值普遍不高； null2.工党执政13年，虽在经济领域取得骄人的成绩，但政治和外交领域不断曝光“情报门”、“献金门”及“报销门”等丑闻，布朗在选举的关键时刻又出现“麦克风门”，遭致不少选民的反感，加之对工党产生的“视觉疲劳”，工党败选在所难免； 3.保守党和自民党的领导人虽有年轻的资本，但却缺少从政的经验，这两党和工党一样也存在“补贴门”、“捐款门”、“酗酒门”等丑闻，使不少选民感到失望； 4.本次大选在英国选举历史上首次采用电视辩论的形式，让三党的候选人同台进行“政治秀”，的确收到出人意料的结果，那就是自民党领导人克莱格更加擅于“作秀”，作为一匹政坛“黑马”脱颖而出，分散了英国两大传统政党的选票，在相当程度上左右了英国大选的局面。nullFinally, please watch a video about Britain's general election in 2010nullThank You !