研究生基础英语翻译材料

1. Globalization — the shrinking of distance and the increase in interplay and interdependence — has been a theme of the whole century. The acceleration of the process of economic globalization and trade liberalization has made it possible for each country to take full advantage of both international and the domestic markets. However， the pressure imposed by globalization is for the increasing adoption not of American products or ways， but of three American characteristics： freedom， equality and adaptability. Of course， there is a further characteristic which American should do well to learn from this bloody century： humility. 全球化——距离的缩短及互动与相互依靠的增强——已是整个世纪主题。经济全球化和贸易自由化的加快有利于各国充分利用国际国内两个市场。然而全球化所带来的压力不是来自于对美国产品或美国方式的日益接受，而是来自于对自由、平等、适应性这三大美国特征的日益接受。当然美国也应该好好地从这个血雨腥风的世纪学会另一个特征：谦逊。 2. Another sign of the changing season reveals itself when the snow recedes from the grassy meadow I walk through each morning. The earthly scent of early spring emanates from the newly exposed moist soil and tender yellow and brown grass of last season. The call of a male redwing blackbird is the first of this new year. Waterfowl will soon begin to migrate north. Hawks are slowly rising on air currents， and then soaring gracefully down to catch the next one. I will lose myself in daydreaming for a moment. I believe there is the essence of healing in taking the time to slow down and enjoy natural things like water running in the brook. 当我每天早上走过的草地上的积雪消退时，季节变化的另一个信号也就显露出来了。重新暴露的湿土和纤弱的枯黄冬草散发着早春的芬芳。一只红翅膀的雄山鸟（黑鸟）叫了起来，这是今年的第一声鸟啼。水鸟很快就会向北迁徙。老鹰在气流之上缓缓向上飞，优雅地翱翔着，然后俯冲下去，追逐着另一只鹰。我会暂时沉溺于白日梦中，我相信康复的本质在于减缓时间的流逝，享受像溪中的流水一般的自然万物。 3. Manners are the language of all human behavior and the building blocks of a child’s education. Learning to use manners — and， more importantly， learning the underlying values of caring， appreciation， compassion， empathy and respect that manners signify — contributes to children’s developing morality. For one thing， learning to use manners and behave politely are life skills that children can cultivate while they are young. For another， like most of life’s important lessons， parents teach their children manners and civility by their words and by example. Children who see their parents behaving civilly are more likely to do the same in their dealings with others as children and later in life as adults. 礼貌既是全人类行为的共同语言也是儿童教育的基本构件。学会运用礼貌 —— 而且更重要的是，了解礼貌现出来的关爱、感激、怜悯、同情和尊敬所具有的内在价值 —— 有助于使孩子们提高道德品质。一方面，讲文明礼貌是当孩子还小时就应该掌握的人生技巧。另一方面，就像人生中的大部分重要课程一样，父母通过言传身教教会孩子讲究礼仪与礼貌。如果孩子们看到父母的行为有礼貌，他们也更有可能会在与他人的交往中做出同样的行为，无论是在儿童时期还是在将来的成年生活中都会这样。 4. Clearly there have been major changes in the way our society treats children， but it would be very difficult for many of us to agree on the costs and benefits of these trends─ whether from the viewpoint of the child， the parents， or society. While many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family， others lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline. A historical analysis of parents and children can not settle such disputes， but it can provide us with a better appreciation of the flexibility of the family as an institution for raising the young. 很明显，我们的社会在对待孩子的方式上已经发生了重大的改变，至于这些变化的趋势带来了哪些好处，造成了哪些损失，无论我们是站在孩子、父母或者社会的立场来看，我们都很难取得一致的意见。许多人欢呼日益增长的个人主义和孩子在家庭中享有的自由，而另一些人却在哀叹家的责任和纪律性的丧失。 从历史的角度对父母和孩子进行分析虽然不能解决这些争论，却能使我们更好地理解这一点：作为一个培养青年一代的机构，家庭具有相当的弹性。 5. Childhood is less clear to me than to many people： when it ended I turned my face away from it for no reason that I know about， certainly without the usual reason of unhappy memories. For many years that worried me， but then I discovered that the tales of former children are seldom to be trusted. Some people supply too many past victories or pleasures with which to comfort themselves， and other people cling to pains， real and imagined， to excuse what they have become. I think I have always known about my memory. I know when it is to be trusted and when some dream or fantasy entered on the life， and the dream， the need of dream， led to distortion of what happened. And so I knew early that the rampage angers of an only child were distorted nightmares of reality. But I trust absolutely what I remember about Julia. 我小时候的记忆比许多人模糊：不知道为什么，童年一结束，我就别过脸去，但我知道决不是因为有着痛苦回忆这种常见的原因。关于这一点，多年来便困扰着我，但后来我发现，旧时儿事，通常不足以为信。有些人搬出好些昔日的盛事趣事来聊以自慰，有些人则念念不忘或真实或想象而来的痛苦，把它当成自己何以变得如此的口实。 我想我一向清楚自己的记性，知道那一段时间的记忆是可以相信的，明白生活中在何时又掺进了梦想或幻想。做过的梦和对梦想的需要，扭曲了发生的事件。我也很早就了解到，独生子之所以大吵大闹，是做噩梦之后所扭曲的结果。然而，对于茱丽亚的回忆，我百分之百相信是确实无误的。 6. China will unswervingly observe the independent and peaceful foreign policy. It will continue to reinforce its solidarity and cooperation with the developing countries in the world and， together with them， to safeguard the just and reasonable rights of the developing countries. At the same time， we will be further committed to stabilizing our peripheral areas and to consolidating the harmonious friendship with our neighboring countries. We will also make continued efforts to enrich the implications of the framework of the future relations that have been established or that are being established with all the major countries of the world. We will take more positive steps to participate in international affairs and in various kinds of multilateral diplomatic activities. China will remain firm in its opposition to hegemonism， power politics and will endeavor to promote the establishment of a new international political and economic order that is fair， reasonable， equal and reciprocally beneficial. 中国将坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，继续加强同发展中国家的团结合作，同它们一道维护发展中国家正当合理的权益。同时，我们要进一步致力于稳定周边、巩固睦邻友好。我们还将不断地充实与各个大国已经建立或正在建立的未来关系框架的内涵。我们将更积极地参与国际事务和各种多边外交活动，坚决反对霸权主义、强权政治，推动在世界上建立公平合理、平等互利的国际政治、经济新秩序。 7 中国发展体育运动的目的是在人民中普及体育运动，增强他们的体质，提高整个国家的体育技能，创造新纪录，以促进经济，道德和文化的发展。在中国政府的一贯鼓励和支持下，中国的群众性体育活动有约3亿人参加，进行经常性的体育活动。由于体育运动的发展，以及生活水平的提高，人民的健康状况大有改善，人民的平均预期寿命得到延长。 The purpose of developing physical culture and sports in china is to spread sports among the people, enhance their physique, improve the sporting skill of the country as a whole and chalk up new records, thus helping to promote the country’s economic, ethical and cultural development. With the consistent encouragement and support from the Government, Chinese mass participation in sports activities involves approximately 300 million people doing physical exercises regularly. Thanks to the development of sports and the raising standards of living, the health condition of the Chinese people has greatly improved. The average life expectancy of the people is prolonged. 8 随着工农业的技术进步，污染正成为一个焏待解决的严重问题。许多任务厂把大量烟雾排入空中。许多未经处理的工业废液流入河流和湖泊。成千上万吨垃圾倾倒在大地上。因而空气，河流和陆地受到严重污染。 As technological advances have been made in industry and agriculture, pollution has become a serious problem to be solved. Factories pour a great deal of smoke and soot into the air. Large amounts of untreated industrial waste liquids find their way into rivers and lakes. Millions upon millions of tons of rubbish are dumped on the ground. As a result, our air, rivers and land are polluted seriously. 9 科学的进步和生活条件的改善使世界人口迅速增长。例如，现代医学能使婴儿健康成长，使人民寿命延长。随着生活条件的改善，尤其是在发展中国家，人们希望多子女。因此，世界人口已突破60亿。 Progress in science and improvement in living conditions have caused the rapid growth of the world population. Modern medicine, for example, has made it possible for babies to grow up healthily and for people to live longer. With the improvement in living condition, some people, especially the people in developing countries, tend to have larger families. As a result, the world population has exceeded 6 billion. 10 自从实行计划生育政策以后，在中国这个世界人口最多的国家里，儿童的教育，尤其是独生子女的教育，已成为人们的一大话题。中国期待着更加健康的一代，但不少幼儿园和小学教师不满意地说，今天的孩子比过去难对付多了。 The education of children, especially only children, has become a topical issue in China, the world’s most populous country, since the introduction of the family planning program. China is anticipating a healthier generation. But quite a few kindergarten and primary school teachers complain that children nowadays are far more difficult to cope with. 11 近年来中国发生了巨大变化。首先，城乡人民的生活水平已显着提高。其次，文化教育事业发展迅速。此外，政府十分注意环境和生态问题。最后，全国的人口出生率已得到控制。 In recent years, great changes have taken place in China. First, the people’s living standard both in the city and in the country has been raised remarkably. Second, there have been rapid developments in cultural and educational undertakings. In addition, the government has been paying much attention to the environmental and ecological problems. Finally, the birth rate all over the country has been put under control. 12. 坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点。全面深化改革的总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。紧紧围绕使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用深化经济体制改革。紧紧围绕坚持党的领导、加快推进社会主义民主政治制度化。紧紧围绕建设社会主义核心价值体系深化文化体制改革。紧紧围绕更好保障和改善民生、促进社会公平正义深化社会体制改革。紧紧围绕建设美丽中国深化生态文明体制改革。紧紧围绕提高科学执政、民主执政、依法执政水平深化党的建设制度改革。 China must stick to the socialist market economy as the orientation of its reform, must promote social fairness and justice and must seek to advance the well-being of the people. The general purpose of deepening its all-round reform is to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, to advance modernization in the State governance system and governance capability. The basic economic system should evolve on the decisive role of the market in resource allocation. Political reform must evolve around the leadership of the Communist Party of China and advance the institutionalization of socialist democracy. Cultural reform must evolve around the socialist core value system. Social reform must evolve around the protection and improvement of the people's livelihood and advance fairness and justice. The development of an eco-conscious civilization must evolve around the building of a beautiful China. The reform of Party building must evolve on the effort to raise the level of governance to be scientific, democratic and according to the law.