非谓语动词

年高考语法复习系列八非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；2、非谓语动词作定语；3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；4、非谓语动词作宾语；5、非谓语动词作宾补；6、非谓语动词作状语；7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。二、非谓语动词的句法功能状语定语宾补表语分词定语表语宾语主语动名词状语定语宾补表语宾语主语不定式三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考点击：1.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_____tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing..,disappearedB.seized..,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用and连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。seized和took是并列谓语，disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，则三个动词并列。AD四、非谓语动词作主语和表语高考题点击：1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_____.(01上海)A.he’dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.(05北京卷)A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having在and连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词fishing和collectingcoins分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”DD非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.第二需要注意一些结构：A)在It’snouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名词作主语。如：It’snousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比较：There’snoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在It’s+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：It’seasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,　comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,　thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加forsb.todoIt’skind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,　thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,　selfish(自私的))后加ofsb.todo3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_____itmoredifficult.(99N)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmakeB动词不定式短语tomakelifeeasier及nottomakeitmoredifficult都作purpose的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。五、非谓语动词作定语高考题点击：1.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt2.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe________murderlastnight.（04江苏）A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted该题的谓语动词是attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰主语flowers。BC“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。3.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(00北京春季)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung4.Therearefivepairs_____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.(99上海)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingBBhang作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的hang为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。动词不定式tochoosefrom和tochoose都可以作定语，问题是tochoose作定语时该名词是choose的对象；tochoosefrom作定语时，该名词是choose的范围。该题指的是范围.非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在time,chance,right等名词后；在序数词后；在wish,need,demand,requirement…等词后。D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done表示已经完成的动作tobedone表示尚未开始的动作beingdone表示正在进行之中的动作六、非谓语动词作宾补高考题点击：Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(95N)A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donottoA为了避免重复，常用省略形式to来代替前面的动作。如：Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,I’dliketo.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell外，常见的还有：advise　allow　cause　consider　encourageforbid　　forceintend　order　permit　　persuade　remind　　request　require　urgewarnaskwishwant等特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest等没有宾补。2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople___.(99上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone使役动词make/have/letsb.dosth.但改为被动语态后，则应为：bemade/lettodo。注意其它不带to的动词不定式的用法。此句中的it指代的是acomputer，what在从句中作do的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用…peoplehaveacomputerdo…这一结构。需要注意的是have的几个常用结构：havesb./sth.do…;havesb./sth.done…;havesb./sth.doing…;havesb./sth.todoBA4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.(00N)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen___neartheriver.(94N)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplaythat引导的是定语从句，修饰plan，在从句中作see的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为seetheplancarriedout。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。CA七、非谓语动词作宾语高考题点击：1.Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.(95N)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____tomynewjob.(00N)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsCB注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend,等；注意2：动词know,show等常带疑问词加todo作宾语。3.Ireallyappreciate_____torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(01上海)A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtimeB仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit　appreciate　avoiddelayenjoy　escape　excuse　preventfinishimaginemindpractiseresistrisksuggeststand　forgivekeepallowadvisepermitforbid但如果在allowadvisepermitforbid后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词want,need,require,demand等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于tobedone。4.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret_____that.(95N)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5.---Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.---Don’tyouremember_____methestoryyesterday?(99上海)A.toldB.tellingC.totelltohavetold6.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.(02上海春季)A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaitingDBA特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop7.Howaboutthetwoofus___awalkdownthegarden?(93N)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking8.---Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(94N)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Sandycoulddonothingbut_____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(01上海春季)A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmitCBA介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词but(except)/than/beabout后要接不定式作宾语。10.Ratherthan____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(94N)A.ride…rideB.riding…rideC.ride…torideD.toride…riding注意prefer的几个常用句型：prefertodosth.thandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.prefer+n.to+n.C11.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_____someschoolsforpoorchildren.(01上海春季)A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup12.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey_____theproblemistomeetthedemand_____bythecustomers.(02北京)A.tosolving…makingB.tosolving…madeC.tosolve…makingD.tosolve…madeBB要特别注意to的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。admitto，beaccustomedto习惯于，beusedto，stickto，turnto，devoteoneselfto，bedevotedto，lookforwardto，payattentionto,getdownto等八、非谓语动词作状语高考题点击：1.---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting2._____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(01北京春季)A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_____.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretreesCAD4._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96N)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose5._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven6.HesentmeanE-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hopeloseoneselfinsth.表示“陷入…”，主语he为lose的宾语。given作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于considering。注意hoping为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的toget…。CAB7.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02N)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun8.Findinghercarstolen,_____.(01上海).A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelponce在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，故该用过去分词。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。DD九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动高考题点击：Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(97N)A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(99N)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingDAwouldlovetohavedone表示本想去做，但没做成。本题的关键是“whatcountryhestudiedin”，由此可知事情发生在过去。3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.(01上海)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.(02N)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。remain后接todo，此处it指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。DB5._____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.(02上海)A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed6._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01N)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered7.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_____totheparty.(00上海)A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。CAD8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(02上海春季)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledwith+n./pron.+O.C.构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用settled表示已经解决了的问题；用beingsettled表示正在被解决的问题；用tobesettled表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的tosettle是用来作定语修饰前面的problems。另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。C