虚拟语气c

1.I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept 　　B. slept　　C. might have slept 　　D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句，达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是 2.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night. A. were not played 　　B. not be played C. not to play 　　　　D. did not play 全句意思是：“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request（请求）所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气，即动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。本句的主语从句中，主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体，谓语应当用被动语态。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气，所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式，不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式，同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且，它是主动语态形式，而本题要用被动语态。 3.The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time. A. hasn't watered 　　　　B. didn't water C. hadn't bee watered 　　D. wasn't watered 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。（答案是c） 4.The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实） 5. The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。 6The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself. a. injure　　b. injured 　　c. had injure　　d. would injure 这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。（答案是a） 7、Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice. A. follow 　　B. had followed 　　C. would follow 　　D. have followed if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。 题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。 1.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 解析：这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答案。 2. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 解析：这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。 3. If you ______ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted 解析：until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。 4. ______ he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday . A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 解析：假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选（B）But for为正确答案。 5. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice . A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 解析：题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。 6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 解析：句意为：“要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。”should there be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式, if省略,所以should与there倒装。因此B. should there be 就是本题答案 。 7、 When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _______ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man. A. turn off　B. turned off　C. would turn off　D. had turned off 解析： propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。选择（A）. turn off 8、 I apologize if I _______ you,but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend　B. had offended C. should have offended　D. might have offended 解析： B. had offended 。本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was 暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。 9、 The board deemed it urgent that these files _______ right away. A. had to be printed　B. should have been printed C. must be printed　D. should be printed 解析： D. should be printed 。因为urgent是欲望形容词,在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。 10、 The board deemed it urgent that these files_______ right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed 解析：it是形式宾语，urgent是宾语补足语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语从句，该从句的内容被认为是urgent（急迫的），这样从句的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气形式，即should（可以省略）+动词原形。因此，本题正确答案是（D）。 11、 Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed 解析：（C）在表示要求、愿望、、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。 12、 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 解析：（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。 13. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended 解析：（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。 14. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d there by now. A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 解析：该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。 15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 解析：if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。 16. If the Watergate Incident______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling 解析：（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。 17. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ______ . A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me 解析：（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。 18. George would certainly have attended the proceedings ______ . A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 解析：表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。 19. The teacher suggested that her students ______experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his 解析：（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。 20. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 解析：（A）．表示与现在相反的虚拟。 21. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip______ a great success. A. had been B. has been C. were D. was 解析：A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 22. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 解析：D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 23. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______ as elephant. A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift 解析：D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。 24. He described the town as if he ______ it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees 解析：A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 25. Most insurance agents would rather you______ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do 解析：（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。 26. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they ______ the experience of meeting. A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have 解析：（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。 27. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology ______ . A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 解析：（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。 28. He told her to return the book in time so that others ______ a chance to read it . A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have 解析：（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。 29. It is time that the government ______ measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking 解析：（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。 30. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ______ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 解析：（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。 31. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he ______ acting for a living one day. A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up 解析：（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。 32. If I had seen the movie, I ______ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 解析：（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。 33. I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t 解析：B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。 34. Mary ______ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received 解析：C．注意otherwise引导虚拟语气。 35. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him. ( 1995年6月四级第46题) A) would have telephoned 　　B) must have telephoned C) would telephone 　　　　　D) had telephoned 解析：本题是与过去时相反的虚拟句，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用would have done。本句相当于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。答案是（A） would have telephoned。 36. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题) A. has to get 　　B. had got 　　C. were to get 　　D. could have got 解析：本句的意思是：“琼不想马上就工作，她认为要是找了工作，就不能经常探访她的朋友了”。这说明，琼目前没有工作。句中假设的情况在近期内并不会存在。该条件句应当用表示将来情况的虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语用should或were to引出。因此C. were to get 是本题答案。选项A. has to get是陈述语气的现在时，不能用于虚拟条件句中。选项B. had got是虚拟语气的过去时，不能表示将来时间。选项D. could have got不能用于虚拟语气的条件从句中。 37. Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.(1993年6月四级第70题) A. follow 　　B. had followed 　　C. would follow 　　D. have followed 解析：if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。 38 .That tree looked as if it _____ for a long time. a.hasn't watered b.had not been watered c.didn't water d.wasn't watered 解析：本题测试as if 从句的虚拟语气。一般来说，as if 从句所表达的内容完全与实际情况相反或纯粹是一种假设时，通常使用虚拟语气。 39. I'd rather you ____ anything about it for the time being. a. don't do b.did c.didn't do d.would do 解析：would rather 表示愿望，后接从句用虚拟语气，用过去时。 40. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ____ your advice a.follow b.would follow c.had followed d.have followed 解析：本题测试if only 引起的感叹句的虚拟语气。if only 引起的感叹句，相当于“how I wish +宾语从句”。其谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句形式相同。 41. We are all for your proposal that discussion _____.(1998年6月四级第68题) a. be put off 　　b. was put off 　　c. should put off 　　d. is to put off 解析：全句意思是：我们都赞成你的建议，把讨论推迟。答案是A。虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用 在It's (high) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。 42. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ?(1995年6月四级第43题) A. we are going home 　　B. if she leaves C. we went home 　　　　D. if she had left 解析：“现在已经十六点钟了，难道你不认为该回家了吗？”句中的“it's about time …”引起虚拟。因此答案是C。 43. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.(1998年1月四级第38题) a. injure　　b. injured 　　c. had injure　　d. would injure 解析：“这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。”在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。答案是a。 44. Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though _____ out of the office. A. went　B. gone　C. to go　D. would go 解析：答案为：C. to go 。 as though或as if引导的状语从句中,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省略主语和部分谓语,如：1) She paused, as if to let the painful memories pass. (省略she wanted) 2) From time to time Jason turned round as though searching for someone. (省略he were) 3) The boy started, as if awakened from some dream. (省略he were) 由此可见,本题中省略she wanted。 45. I'd rather you _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather. A. would go　B. should go　C. went　D. had gone 解析：“我宁愿你乘火车去，因为我无法想像在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞机里。”主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选答案为 C. went。 46. _____ for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is. A. Had it not been　B. Were it not　C. Be it not　D. Should it not be 解析：“要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。”本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件，if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样：If it had nor been for the timely investment from the general public。这是重点句型，在各类测试中常考。答案： A. Had it not been 47. A safety analysis _____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. A. would identify 　B. will identify C. would have identified　D. will have identified 解析：“一次安全隐患本来会确认这个目标是潜在的危险。不幸的是，这样的分析从未做过。”这是对过去时间的虚拟，表示过去要做而没有做的事。因而答案选 C. would have identified 48. In the past men generally preferred that their wives _____ in the home. A. worked　B. would work　C. work　D. were working 解析：“过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。”因为prefer(宁愿)是欲望动词,其后所接的宾语从句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。 答案：C. work 49. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams. A. must have got through 　　　 B. would have got through C. would get through 　　　　　D. could get through 解析：本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。相当于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本题的答案是B. would have got through。选项A. must have got through（肯定通过）表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去事情相反的情况。另外，must不能用在虚拟条件句中。选项C. would get through（就会通过）是虚拟语气现在时的一种表示方法，表示与现在事实相反。选项D. could get through（可能通过），could也可以用于非真实条件句里，表示与事实相反的情况，但这里，它只表示与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反。 50. I'd rather you _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather. A. would go　B. should go　C. went　D. had gone 解析：主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选C. went。