非谓语动词

非谓语动词 非谓语动词 定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式 第一节 现在分词 第1节现在分词 现在分词示主动和进行 时态 现在分词主动 现在分词被动 一般式 Doing Being done 完成式 Having done Having been done 现在分词的时态： 一般式： V+ing； 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 完成式：Having + P.P过去分词 表示动作在谓语动作之前发生 Opening the door, he saw a little dog. Having lived in Guangzhou for ten years, she knows it well. 现在分词的语态： 主语是分词动作的承受者 Being guided by the customer service manager, the man still filled the wrong blanks. Having been told many times, the naught boy still has not finished his homework. 否定式： 在分词前面加上not Not having finished his homework, he feels worried. 现在分词充当语法成分 1.​ 现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语表达主语的性质或特征 The book is very interesting. The argument is convincing. 2.​ 现在分词充当定语 现在分词作定语修饰主语，并与主语形成主动关系 1)​ 单个现在分词修饰名词时，一般放在名词前 2)​ 现在分词短语修饰名词时，放在名词后面 This is an embarrassing question. China is a developing country. The children playing on the river bank are my students. 3.​ 现在分词充当状语 1)​ 做时间状语:相当于when/as等引导的时间状语从句 Walking out of the room, he saw the boy still there. = when he walked out of the room, he... Having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. = After we have made full preparations, we... 2)​ 作原因状语：相当于because/as等引导的原因状语从句 Not mastering the way of studying, I didn’t get a good result. =As I didn’t master the way of studying, i ... 3)​ 作结果状语：表示顺势得到的结果 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = his father died and left him ... 4)​ 作伴随状语：表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生，做陪衬 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = He lay on the grass and stared at the ... The girl came into the classroom, singing and dancing. = The girl came into the classroom and they sang and danced. 5)​ 作条件状语:相当于if条件状语从句 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =if you work hard at your lessons, you... If you don’t make use of time, you will regret. =Not making use of the time, you will regret. 6)​ 作让步状语：相当于由although/though 引导的让步状语从句 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = Although they knew all this, they... Studying from morning till night, i didn’t pass the exam. = Although i studied from morning till night, i ... 4.​ 现在分词充当补语 现在分词作宾语补语常用在：see/ hear/ notice/ keep/ find/ feel等动词后补充说明宾语的行者或特征和正在进行的动作 I saw him talking with his professor. I heard someone singing. 第2节过去分词 基本结构：（not）done 含义：表示被动和完成 用法： 1.​ 过去分词作表语：表示主语所处的状态 He is interested in french. He is worried about his future. 2.​ 过去分词作定语 1)​ 单个过去分词修饰名词时，一般放在名词前 2)​ 过去分词短语修饰名词时，放在名词后面 We all know that the lost time can not be found again. The book written in Germany belongs to Mark. 3.​ 过去分词作状语 1)​ 作时间状语 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. = when it is seen from the top of the hill, the city... Asked what had happened, he lowered his head. =when he was asked what had happened, he... 2)​ 作原因状语 Greatly touched by the teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. =Because the boy was greatly touched by the teacher’s words, he... 3)​ 作条件状语 Given more time, we could do it better. = if we were given more time, we... 4)​ 作让步状语 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. = Although he was laughed at by many people, he... 5)​ 作伴随状语 He turned away, disappointed. He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. 4.​ 过去分词作补语 I found myself lost. 第3节动名词 结构： 时态 现在分词主动 现在分词被动 一般式 Doing Being done 完成式 Having done Having been done I like playing tennis. He denies having stolen the lady’s purse. I hate being teased. 用法： 1.​ 作主语：抽象、习惯性的动 Learning English is very interesting. Climbing mountains is my hobby. 固定句型： 句型一：it is no good / no use doing sth “干什么没有用” Is it any good trying to explain? It is no use crying over split milk. 句型二：There is no point /use /good (in ) doing something “干某事没有必要，没有意义，没用” There is no point in explain it again and again. 2.​ 作宾语 常跟在以下动词或者动词短语后：like/ enjoy /avoid /resist/ finish /keep/permit /admit /mind /appreciate/regret /consider /give up /keep on /feel like / can’t help 等 She can’t help laughing. Would you mind opening the window? 3.​ 作表语 Seeing is believing. 4.​ 动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途，常常放在所修饰名词之前 These passages may be used as listening materials Mr Wang suffers from insomnia, he has to take a sleeping tablets before going to bed. 第4节不定式 1)​ 作主语:表示具体的，将要进行的动作 To smoke so much is not good for you. 2)​ 作表语： Their work is to build another bridge across the river. My dream is to travel around the world. 3)​ 作宾语 常用动词如下：ask/try /plan/fail/manage /decide/continue/ promise 等 She wanted to buy this dress but she could not afford to buy it. 4)​ 作定语: 动词不定式作定语表未发生的动作，常常放在所修饰名词之后 His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again. We have various kinds of clothes for you to choose from. 5)​ 作状语 a)​ 目的状语 To learn English well, he went to England. In order to achieve the aim, we must learn from other countries. b)​ 结果状语 He ran to the station only to find the train had left. He is old enough to go to school. c)​ 条件状语 To turn to the left, you could find a post office.