BEC中级写作

声明：本资料由 考试吧（Exam8 BEC中级写作电子 第一讲 BEC写作概述 本课程安排简介 写作共6次课，第1次讲概述。 BEC写作简介： 1​ 写作目的与要求 1 Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues. 2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent understanding of the message. 3 Can write a simple report. 写作考试共进行45分钟，占总成绩的25%，小作文占10分，大作文占20分。 更多的报名信息和成绩查询方法请上网了解：www.neea.edu.cn 教育部考试中心 2​ 测试范围与选材 1、身份介绍 (Personal Identification) 2、 工作环境与日常事务 (The office，general business，environment and routine) 3、接待与闲暇活动 (Entertainment of clients，free time，relationships with colleagues and clients) 4、商务旅行 (Travel) 5、健康 (Health) 6、购买与销售 (Buying and selling) 7、公司结构、系统及程序 (Company structures，systems，processes) 8、产品与服务 (Products and services) 9、成果与成就 (Results and achievements) 其外，还会涉及其他的一般商务话题（Business issues）。 3​ 测型分析 An Overview of BEC Vantage Writing PART Functions/Communicative Task Input Response Register 1 Business Correspondence: e.g. giving instructions, explaining a development, asking for comments, requesting information, agreeing to requests Rubric only (plus layout of output text type) Note, message, memo or e-mail (40-50 words) Neutral/ informal 2 Correspondence: e.g. explaining, apologising, reassuring, complaining Report: describing, summarising Proposal: describing, summarising, recommending, persuading One or more pieces of input from: business correspondence (medium may be letter, fax or e-mail), internal communication (medium may be note, memo, or e-mail), notice, advert, graphs, chart, etc. (plus layout if output is fax or e-mail) Business correspondence (medium may be letter, fax or e-mail) or short report or proposal (medium may be memo or e-mail) (120-140 words) Neutral/ formal 题型： 1．商务便条类； 2．商务便函类；3．商务书信类；4. 商务报告类 注意：BEC不是单纯的考试，也不是考察商务知识。 对策：学习、模仿高水平的论文 例题解析： ​ You work for a company which produces laser printers．You are visiting another company，Softcell, to buy some computer software for your department．They have expressed an interest in your company’s printers and you would like to take twenty brochures and three sample printers with you． 相关词汇：laser, inkjet, projector (Barco), photocopier (Xerox), fax machine, scanner, computer, monitor 相关词汇：company literature; brochure; leaflet; flyer; white book; data sheet; prospectus ​ Write a short note to Mr. Jim Asano，the Sales Manager． ​ Asking for his permission to take these items． ​ Explaining why you want them． ​ Mentioning the time and date when you want to collect them． Write 40-50 words on your Answer Sheet. 便函便条类题目的结构 Input: situation description Task: memo, note, email content points Write: internal message (40-50 words) 注意：格式；发挥部分要确切 评分 BEC写作评分方法 级别 第一部分分数 5 全部完成答题要求 ​ 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥 ​ 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。 ​ 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。 ​ 组织效果好，注意前后呼应。 ​ 语域和格式完全适当。 给读者的印象极佳。 9或10分 4 较好的完成答题要求 ​ 所有内容点都处理得不错。 ​ 大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。 ​ 结构合理，用词准确。 ​ 大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。 ​ 语域和格式总体来说适当。 给读者的印象良好。 7或8分 3 尚能达到答题要求 ​ 所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。 ​ 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。 ​ 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。 ​ 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。 ​ 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。 给读者的印象较好。 5或6分 2 不能完全达到答题要求 ​ 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分，可能有些不切题。 ​ 有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读者感到迷惑。 ​ 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。 ​ 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。 ​ 语域和格式不适当。 给读者的印象不佳。 3或4分 1 未能达到答题要求 ​ 显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由于对题目要求的误解。 ​ 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。 ​ 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。 ​ 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。 ​ 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。 给读者的印象极差。 1或2分 0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%，或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。 0分 注意：content; accuracy; conciseness 【例题】 ​ Christmas is coming. Your company is going to hold the annual Christmas party. As the secretary of the general manager, you help arrange the preparation for it. ​ Write a memo to all employees. ​ Announcing the planned party. ​ Welcoming all employees to join it. ​ Introducing the programs of it. ​ Mention the time and place that it takes place. ​ Write 40—50 words on your Answer Sheet． 商务书信类 这一题型要求考生根据所提供的短文，如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等，起草一封书信，字数要求达到120—140词左右。 题目结构： Input: 1 situation description 2 task 3 target reader Reading: texts in note, letter, fax, memo + content points (handwritten notes; second letter) Write: business letter (120-140 words) 注意英美拼写问题 【例题】 ​ You have organised a production conference for your company which will be held on 10 October 2005. The following is the letter of confirmation you received from the Conference Centre. ​ Read the letter and fax below, which gives details of the conference. ​ Then, using all information from the fax, write your letter to John Smith at the Nuffield Conference Centre, explaining the changes to the arrangements. ​ Do not include postal addresses. ​ Write 120-140 words on separate sheet. Dear Conference Organiser, I am writing to confirm the arrangements for the conference. DATE AND TIME: 10th October-10 a.m. to 5 p.m. NUMBER OF GUESTS: 50 ROOMS RESERVED 10 a. m. to 12: 30 p.m. CONFERENCE HALL 3 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. SEMINAR ROOMS 1, 2, and 3 CATERING: Coffee--11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Lunch-12:30p.m. to 2p.m. Conference Centre Restaurant Tea-4 p.m. We look forward to welcoming your company to the Nuffield Conference Centre. Yours faithfully, John Smith Today your Production Manager has sent you the fax below with changes he would like to make to the conference arrangements FAX I’m afraid we have to make some last-minute changes to the arrangements for our production conference. 1.​ Ten more guests have accepted. 2.​ The President wants only one hour for lunch, and just a simple buffet-not seated in the restaurant. The Conference Speaker（Tom Moors）can’t come until 2 pm. So he will give his presentation in the afternoon. Can we move the seminars to the morning? Sorry about this! Sam 注意：1 不要跑题 2 适当发挥 3 目标读者 4 不要抄袭 三种对策： a 换句型 e.g. This rule applies in every case. There are no exceptions to the rule. (肯定句变否定句) b 换同义词 e.g. The arguments put forward by these two authors are nearly the same. The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical. c 改词性 e.g. The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages. Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in their developments. 商务报告类 【例题】 ​ You recently attended a one-day course on office management. Below is the course programme, with the comments you wrote on it. ​ Write a short report about the course for your Manager. Include all your comments and say whether your company should send other staff on this course. Write 120-140 words. ​ Write on your Answer Sheet. Do not write in capital letters. OFFICE MANAGEMENT SEMINAR Field House, London 26 May 1999 PROGRAMME 9.00-10.45 Managing people and developing productive Working relationships 10.45-11.00 Coffee 11.00-12.45 Planning the day, work-flow, prioritising 12.45-1.30 Lunch 1.30-3.15 Problem-solving and decision-making 3.15-3.30 Tea 3.30-5.00 Staff appraisal and staff development 第二讲 BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体 评分标准： 级别 第一部分分数 第二部分分数 5 全部完成答题要求 ​ 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥 ​ 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。 ​ 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。 ​ 组织效果好，注意前后呼应。 ​ 语域和格式完全适当。 给读者的印象极佳。 9或10分 18或20分 4 较好的完成答题要求 ​ 所有内容点都处理得不错。 ​ 大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。 ​ 结构合理，用词准确。 ​ 大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。 ​ 语域和格式总体来说适当。 给读者的印象良好。 7或8分 14或16分 3 尚能达到答题要求 ​ 所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。 ​ 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。 ​ 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。 ​ 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。 ​ 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。 给读者的印象较好。 5或6分 10或12分 2 不能完全达到答题要求 ​ 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分，可能有些不切题。 ​ 有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读者感到迷惑。 ​ 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。 ​ 内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。 ​ 语域和格式不适当。 给读者的印象不佳。 3或4分 6或8分 1 未能达到答题要求 ​ 显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由于对题目要求的误解。 ​ 严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。 ​ 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。 ​ 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。 ​ 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。 给读者的印象极差。 1或2分 2或4分 0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%，或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。 0分 0分 评分五个方面： 1 content 2 language 3 structure & vocabulary 4 organisation 展开论述上面的5个方面 1 内容的完整性 2 语言 6C原则 1．准确(correctness) 包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正确地使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确。 (1)恰当的语言风格 请比较下面两组例词： Formal Informal approximately inquire ascertain obtain assist participate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult utilize About Ask find out receive help share build buy give enough hard use (2)准确的措词和信息 下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分： a lot / allot all right / alright cannot / can not different from / different than . due to / because of effect / affect fewer / less lie / lay principal / principle that /which their / them / they' re wait for / wait on who / whom (3)正确的语法和标点符号 (4)正确的拼写 2．清楚(Clarity) (1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization) 常用的逻辑布局方法包括： ①因果关系(Cause & Effect) ②时间顺序(Chronological Development) ③序列顺序(Sequential Development) ④比较(Comparison) ⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific) ⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General) (2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs) 例句： 修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals. 修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals. (3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence) (4)强调(Emphasis) ①位置 ②重复 ③数量 ④技巧 (5) 将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。 比较下面三对句子： A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00. They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing. B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled. He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled. C. Those who work rapidly get ill in these conditions. Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill. (6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。 We shall take a firm line with the firm． We shall take a strong line with the film． 3．简洁(Conciseness) A. We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad. We have begun to export our machines. B. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule. If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule. C .We require furniture which is of the new type. We require new-type furniture. (1)​ 使用简洁的语言(Use simple language) 尽量使用 避免使用 please will you be good enough to prefer express a preference for because for the reason that (2) 少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions) as the case may be it has come to my attention at an early age avail yourself of this opportunity previous to crack of dawn pursuant to your request take the liberty to due to the fact that thanking you in advance enclosed herein this is to inform you under separate cover with kindest regards I wish to state (3)​ 避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)。 Wordy Concise 1. We would like to please 2. For the month of August for August 3. Pursuant to the end of this week now 4. A long period of time a long time 5. At this time now 6. Is at this time is 7. The weight was higher than the weight was greater than 8. I expected it to be expected 9. During the year of 1995 during 1995 10. For the development of for developing 11. In the city of Dallas in Dallas 12. The problem was that the car would not the car would not start start 13. Square in shape square 14. in accordance with your request you requested 15. Sign on the front of this form sign this form 16. During the time that while 17. Consensus of opinion we agree 18. Remember the fact that remember 19, Held a meeting met 20. this is the situation at this time now (4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts) A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do, B. For your information we enclose a catalogue. C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice. 1. as soon as possible by July 10 2. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated 3. at all times always 4. at this time now 5. continue to utilize the old form until start using the new form on February such time as the new form is available 6. despite the fact that despite 7. for the month of April for April 8. for obvious reason that because 9. I would ask that you please I0. in conjunction with with 11. in the mere recent past recently 12. in the unlikely event that if 13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting be on time, please delay the meeting 14. in view of the fact that because 15. it will be greatly appreciated if you please 16. our production of the new product will production will begin on July 1 commence on July 1 17. please be advised that we expect you to please review the contract review the enclosed contract (5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。 Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week． Johnsons will pay their accounts next week． 4．具体(Concreteness) (1)​ 尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。 A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance. These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet. B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible. Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday. C. She is a fast typist. She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute. (2) 使用具体词汇 A. We have no hesitation in advising you… We advise you… B. The preparation of new price scale is in hand. New price scales are being prepared this week. C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,… As the request is unusual,… a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less 5．完整(Completeness) 自查：谁(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么时候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 为什么(Why)? 怎么样(How)? 6．礼貌(Courtesy) 例如： Dear Mrs. Walters, Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on hand Yours truly, 修改： Dear Mrs. Walters If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock. The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word. Yours sincerely (1)​ 使用礼貌友好的词汇 A. 说“Thank you" , 例如: Thank you for your letter of yesterday. Thank you for your prompt reply. Thank you for helping us in this respect. Thank you for your information. (2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude) Writer emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday. Reader emphasis: You will receive your order by Monday, October 10. Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system. Reader emphasis: To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system. Writer emphasis: I was pleased to hear that the project was completed. Reader emphasis: Congratulations on successfully completing the project Writer emphasis: We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers. Reader emphasis: A week ago you closed your account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. You are cordially invited to use our 'other services as occasion may require. (3) 措辞得体(Appropriate Wording) a．避免采用消极性的词汇或句式 Negative Wording: The office is closed after four O'clock, Positive Wording: The office is open until four O'clock. Negative Wording: When I received your complaint, I checked our records. Positive Wording: When I received your letter, I checked our records. Negative Wording: Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred. Positive Wording: The picture was blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal. Negative Wording: You did not read my recent letter. Positive Wording: Please refer to my June 10th letter. Negative Wording: The Executive Board did not receive notification. Positive Wording: Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up? Negative Wording: Your letter was not clear. Positive Wording: I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter. b.有失礼貌的言词 We deny your claim complaint We do not believe confusion We are not sure contrary We find it difficult to understand contrivance We expect delinquent We insist deny We are forced disagreeable We take issue exasperate You forgot failure You neglected ignorance You failed to impatience You misunderstood incompetent You must incredible You should know inexcusable You do not have inference You are delinquent insincere You insist that insinuate You did not say insulting Your ignoring intolerable Your credit refusal irresponsible Your recent complaint irritated Your failure to lack Your misunderstanding neglect Your neglectful attitude objection Your disregard for obnoxious Your insinuation offensive Your lack of communication unbelievable Your delinquent account uncooperative (4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语 A．用“person”代替第三人称单数。 例如: Instead of: Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting. Say: Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting. B．有一些常用的商务英语词汇有性别歧视之嫌，应该稍加改变。 Instead of Say Businessman workmen Chairman Foremen Salesman Spokesman Stockboy Workman business person employees/worker chairperson supervisors sales representative / sales person spokesperson stock clerk employee / worker (5) 及时答复(Timely Response) 例：We will examine your camera to determine the shutter-response problem and have it back to you within three weeks, if repairs axe needed, I will call you for approval to make the repairs. 例：Mr. Smith is out of the office until the end of the month. I am sure he will be able to provide you with all of the information you requested when he returns. 连贯和衔接 （一）连贯 (coherence) 常见连接词有： 1表示罗列增加 　　First, second, third, 　　First, then / next, after that / next, finally 　　For one thing … for another…, 　　On (the) one hand…on the other hand, 　　Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, 　　Especially / In particular, 2表示时间顺序 　　now, at present, recently, 　　after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, 　　at first, in the beginning, to begin with, 　　later, next, finally, 　　immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment 　　form now on, from then on, 　　at the same time, meanwhile, 　　till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during, 3表示解释说明 　　now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover 　　furthermore, in fact, actually 4表示转折关系 　　but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other 　　hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all, 5表示并列关系 　　or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor 6表示因果关系 　　because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that 7表示条件关系 　　as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 8表示让步关系 　　though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, 　　whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom) 9表示举例 　　for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example 10表示比较 　　be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as, 11表示目的 　　for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to, 12表示强调 　　in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, 　　obviously, above all, 13表示概括归纳 　　in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion, （二）衔接 (cohesion) 1返指（referring back） 例：Davis opened a door. “Here is your room. I am afraid it is a bit untidy.” He picked a dirty handkerchief off the floor and stuffed it in a drawer. The keeper came loping softly up the lane with the dog padding at his heels and we watched them through the hedge as they went by. I held her very close. My cheek was against hers. 例：The women were asked to leave. Some of them refused. The earthquake killed 24,000 people and insured 77,000. 例：A man and a woman were struggling up the dune. The man wore shorts. The woman wore a print dress. 2预指（referring forward） 有多种方法可用来指代将要提及的事务。 例如：This chapter will follow the same pattern as the previous one.