猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择

null猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择先灵葆雅动物保健市场技术部 荣 强Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 猪支原体肺炎Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 猪支原体肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine MPS) Enzootic Pneumonia (EP)M. hyo Disease猪支原体肺炎M. hyo Disease猪支原体肺炎First isolated from pig lungs in 1965 1965年首次在猪肺脏中分离 One of the most common and economically important diseases 最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一 A complex interaction between M. hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation. 主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。M. hyo DiseaseM. hyo DiseaseOne of the primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) 引起PRDC 的原发病原之一 Affects as many as 99% of U.S. herds 99％的美国猪群都有感染 World-wide significance 世界范围内养猪生产中流行M. hyo diseaseM. hyo diseaseEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds. 不同猪群的经济影响差异较大 Dependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases, etc. 取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。 A MOVING TARGET.M. hyo DiseaseM. hyo DiseaseReduced average daily gain (ADG) 降低日增重 Reduced feed efficiency (FE) 降低饲料报酬 Increased medication costs 增加药物成本 Increased cull or light-weight pigs 增加淘汰或低体重的猪 Etc.nullM. hyo Economic LossesM. hyo Economic LossesM. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,1985) 肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7%和饲料报酬13.8%M. hyo diseaseM. hyo diseaseTransmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contact 猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触 Transmission between farms: movement of infected pigs 猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动 Aerosol between farms: Britain ~3.2 km 猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里M. hyo DiseaseM. hyo DiseaseClinical signs include:临床症状 chronic cough (often dry or nonproductive) 慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳） high morbidity and low mortality 高发病率和低死亡率 uneven groups of pigs 猪群内生长不整齐M. hyo diseaseM. hyo diseasePeak prevalence in Finisher because of: 在育肥期多发的原因： Long incubation period：潜伏期长 Slow spread传播缓慢 Increased animal density养殖密度加大 Presence of other organisms其他致病菌的出现M. hyo PathogenesisM. hyo PathogenesisM. hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi….paralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia….reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus. 支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。A mucosal pathogenOnly attaches to tracheobronchial ciliaA mucosal pathogennullnullM. hyo PathogenesisM. hyo PathogenesisThere is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990) 破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能 nullM. hyo DiseaseM. hyo DiseaseSecondary bacterial infections:继发细菌感染 Pasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 Streptococcus suis链球菌 Haemophilus parasuis副嗜血杆菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping”M.hyo DiseaseM.hyo DiseaseThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabies (PRV), PRRS，PCVII 还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型nullnullMycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control and Prevention 猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治Mycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control and Prevention 猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治M. hyo Control and PreventionM. hyo Control and PreventionMedication药物 Management管理 Vaccination免疫M. hyo MedicationM. hyo MedicationAntibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections. 田间条件下，抗生素的效果现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。M. hyo MedicationM. hyo MedicationLincomycin: results inconsistent 林可霉素 Tiamulin: results inconsistent 支原净 Quinolones: show some promise 喹喏酮类 Florfenicol: shows some promise 纽弗罗 Aivlosin: results are good 爱乐新M. hyo MedicationM. hyo MedicationOne problem with any medication program is that once the medication is removed…the disease can begin to cause problems again. 一旦停药，疾病复发M. hyo Prevention and ControlM. hyo Prevention and ControlManagement factors are important 管理十分重要 All-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management technique 全进全出是最好的管理方式 No more than 3 weeks spread in age 年龄差距不要超过3周 Medicated Early Weaning (MEW) has been shown to help control the MPS disease 早期药物断奶有一定帮助M. hyo Prevention and ControlM. hyo Prevention and ControlManagement factors (continued) Segregated Early Weaning (SEW) has shown merit 早期隔离断奶也有一定好处 Vaccination免疫 Optimize density and proper ventilation 合理化密度，保持良好通风M. hyo Prevention and ControlM. hyo Prevention and ControlKey to an effective program to control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine 控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗M. hyo VaccinesM. hyo VaccinesBecause the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity are not well understood, whole-cell vaccines are best. 因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。Western Blot Analysis 免疫印记分析Western Blot Analysis 免疫印记分析M+Pac preserves 15 proteins 安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白 Product A preserves 11 proteins A产品保留了11种抗原蛋白 Products B and C preserve 8 proteins B和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋白M+PAC 安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原M+PAC 安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原 Pfizer Intervet Fort Dodge M+PAC M. hyo VaccinesM. hyo VaccinesAlso, because long-lasting immunity is important, it is our belief that an effective M. hyo vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant….. 此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。。。Vaccine Adjuvants 疫苗佐剂Vaccine Adjuvants 疫苗佐剂Vaccine Adjuvants 疫苗佐剂Vaccine Adjuvants 疫苗佐剂 Aluminum Hydroxide (AH)氢氧化铝 Water-in-oil (W/O)油包水 Oil-in-water (O/W)水包油Aluminum Hydroxide 氢氧化铝Aluminum Hydroxide 氢氧化铝Low viscosity粘度低 Mild to no reactions温和无刺激 Immediate response免疫反应迅速 Short-lived immunity免疫期短Water-in-Oil (W/O)油包水Water-in-Oil (W/O)油包水More oil = more viscosity粘度高 More irritation刺激大 More pain疼痛 More stress应激大Oil-in-Water (O/W)水包油Oil-in-Water (O/W)水包油More modern最新型 At least as effective as W/O与油包水效果相同 Less oil = lower viscosity低粘度 Less irritation刺激小 Less pain疼痛少 Less stress (pigs and people)应激小 M. hyo Vaccine Adjuvants M. hyo Vaccine AdjuvantsM+PAC® SPAH O/W+AH Respisure® Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂 Respifend® Fort Dodge AH Ingelvac MH Nobl/BI W/O Porcilis Intervet AH Hyoresp Merial AH Introducing new M+PacÒIntroducing new M+PacÒCheck other mycoplasma vaccines against the advantages of M+Pac:Check other mycoplasma vaccines against the advantages of M+Pac:Reduced lung lesions Less coughing Higher antibody titers Higher cell-mediated immunity Exclusive Emunade™ adjuvant 1 ml administrationEmunade, a revolutionary new dual-action adjuvant 革命性的双相佐剂Emunade, a revolutionary new dual-action adjuvant 革命性的双相佐剂The key to M+Pac’s superior performance 安百克优良性能的关键 Faster acting, longer lasting 速效、长效 Excellent syringeability 良好的通针性Emunade, Emunade, Aluminum Hydroxide plus Oil-in water 氢氧化铝＋水包油 Fast acting速效 Long lasting长效 Stimulates strong cell-mediated immunity 刺激坚强的细胞介导免疫力Oil globules in Emunade contain antigen both inside droplet and on droplet surface. Surface antigen prompts rapid immune response. Oil globules in Emunade contain antigen both inside droplet and on droplet surface. Surface antigen prompts rapid immune response. nullAntigen inside is released gradually as oil droplets break down over time. This gradual release allows Emunade to deliver prolonged immunity. Antigen inside is released gradually as oil droplets break down over time. This gradual release allows Emunade to deliver prolonged immunity. nullVaccination Schedules 免疫程序Vaccination Schedules 免疫程序Timing (Later is better?)时机 One-dose vs. Two-dose一针还是二针 Sow Vaccination母猪免疫Vaccination Timing 免疫时机Vaccination Timing 免疫时机Later is Better…….Why? 越晚越好 Maternal Antibody Interference 母源抗体干扰 Protection needs to last for entire finishing period 保护力需要持续整个育肥期Lung Scores After Vaccination of Maternal Antibody Pigs At 4 And 6 Weeks of Age Lung Scores After Vaccination of Maternal Antibody Pigs At 4 And 6 Weeks of Age 5.95.818.8005101520% of lung lesions4 weeks6 weeksNonvaccNon-Chall* Significantly lower than nonvaccinated, P < 0.02**Efficacy of Vaccination of 1, 3, and 6 week old Pigs Efficacy of Vaccination of 1, 3, and 6 week old Pigs 3.22.80.9*5.000123456Mean pourcentage ofLung Consolidation1 week3 weeks6 weeksNonvaccNon-ChallAge when vaccinated* Significantly lower than nonvaccinates, p = 0.0026One-dose vs.. Two-dose 一针免疫还是二针免疫One-dose vs.. Two-dose 一针免疫还是二针免疫Theoretical immunology tells us that with an inactivated vaccine, two doses are necessary to achieve peak immunity. This is very important with M. hyo since we want long-lasting immunity. 根据免疫学理论，灭活苗二针免疫才能达到免疫力高峰。这对于肺炎支原体免疫极为重要，因为我们希望支原体的免疫力持久（直到出栏）One-dose vs. Two-doses 一针免疫还是二针免疫One-dose vs. Two-doses 一针免疫还是二针免疫Products initially well-received, however in most cases, did not provide adequate protection in face of M. hyo field challenge. 即使初次免疫应答良好，但大多数情况下，当面对田间野毒挑战时，还是不能提供足够的保护力。 Laboratory vs. “Real World”One-dose vs. Two-doses 一针免疫还是二针免疫One-dose vs. Two-doses 一针免疫还是二针免疫The first “one-dose” product has had a problem with syringability and local reactions due to the Water-in-oil adjuvant used. 早期的一针免疫疫苗，由于使用了油包水佐剂，存在通针性和局部反应的问Sow Vaccination??? 母猪免疫？？？Sow Vaccination??? 母猪免疫？？？Controversial 有争议的话题 Dr. Kirk Clark work on loss of antibody titers in > 3rd Parity sows 经产3次的母猪抗体滴度下降。 Decreased Sow to Pig Shedding? 能减少母猪对仔猪的散毒吗？Sow Vaccination 母猪免疫Sow Vaccination 母猪免疫If sow herd is vaccinated, especially pre-farrowing, then it is even more important to vaccinate pigs later. 如果母猪免疫，尤其在产前免疫，仔猪则免疫更嘉推迟。M+Pac安百克M+Pac安百克Convenient dosage schedule 方便的剂量 1 ml dose at 7-to-10 days of age or older. 首免1毫升7－10日龄以上 Revaccinate with 1 ml dose 2 weeks after initial vaccination. 在首免2周后，二免1毫升 Revaccinate with a single 1 ml dose annually. 每年加强免疫1毫升M+PACTM Vaccination program(con’t) 安百克免疫程序M+PACTM Vaccination program(con’t) 安百克免疫程序Vaccination schedule also can be done according to farm’s M. hyo situation: 免疫程序也需根据猪场的肺炎支原体发生状况来决定。 stage of M. hyo outbreaks and time for vaccination: 肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机 nursery/grower pre-fattener post-fattener 保育期/育成期 育肥前期 育肥后期 1wk & 3wk 3wk & 6wk 6wk & 9wkM+PACTMM+PACTMCheck your Mycoplasma vaccine against these advantages: Higher antibody titers Reduced lung lesion Less coughing Higher cell-mediated immunity Exclusive Emunade® adjuvant 1ml SQ/IM administrationM+PACTM 安百克M+PACTM 安百克Raising the standard in Mycoplasma Vaccines 提高了支原体疫苗的