英语专业八级写作(

nullnull专业八级写作 nullComponents in a Composition…WordsSentenceParagraphCompositionnull“Words” in TEM-8 Writing 一、善用高级词汇。(汉语是意合语，英语是形合语。写作源于生活，高于生活。所以，在专八写作中，看到一个单词，一定要能看到一个世界，选择最美妙的词，以体现我们的水平与层次…)。如： “认为”: think, assume, suppose, believe, imagine, reckon, feel, consider, sense, reflect, deem … “好”: good, fine, excellent, superior, outstanding, tremendous, marvelous, … “美好的前程”: beautiful future →promising future, … “重要”: important, significant, vital, crucial, imperative, essential, … “必要”: necessary, basic, indispensable, compulsory, fundamental, crucial, … “很多”: many, a lot of, numerous, abundant, a good number of, hordes of, … “越来越多”: more and more, a growing number of, an increasing number of, … “深思”: thinking, thought-provoking “处理”: deal with, cope with, handle, tackle, … “喜欢”: like, be fond of, be devoted to , be keen on, be partial to , be attached to, adore, …nullE.g.：On Global Warming (Title) With the rapid development of world economy, many scientists in the world are realizing the weather is heating up and trying to find ways to solve the problem ... → （专四水平） With the swift expansion of globe economy, a considerable proportion of scientists in the world are realizing the weather is heating up and trying to explore approaches to solve the global warming… （专八水平） ( 其实我们熟悉的 “许多、大量” 有很多的达法: the tremendous amount of practice, a great deal of wisdom, a multitude of things, the vast store of knowledge, the overwhelming majority of the public, a large number of people, the bulk of the language acquisition, an increasing number of, a growing number of …)null二、善用热点词汇。如： 考研热 the craze for graduate school study 大学生创业 the university students’ innovative undertakings 扩招 expand enrollment 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects 解决劳动就业问题 tackle the problem of labor force utilization 造成失业问题 bring about the unemployment problem 给出优惠政策 give preferential treatment 享受失业救济金 enjoy unemployment pension 需要安全感和生活保障 need a sense of security and guarantee of life 扩大内需 expand the domestic demand 婚奴 wedding slave 卧槽族 job-hugging clan 赖校族 campus dwellers 闪孕 quick pregnancy 海投resume flooding 公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open 安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents 自我保护意识 self-protection awareness 装嫩 act young 傍大款 (of a girl) find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybags 包二奶 have a concubine (originally a Cantonese expression)null三、 善用专业词汇。如： swine flu甲流 A (H1N1) flu 甲流 bird flu 禽流感 swine flu symptoms 甲流症状swine flu outbreak甲流爆发 H1N1 virus 甲流病毒 H1N1 vaccine 甲流疫苗 isolation ward 隔离病房 be hospitalized 住院治疗 　surgical/gauze mask 口罩 symptomatic infection 有症状感染 breathing system 呼吸系统 take preventive measures 采取预防措施 transmission of the virus from pigs to humans 病毒传播从猪到人 set up public awareness of swine flu prevention 树立预防甲流的公众意识 confirmed cases of swine flu 甲流确诊病例　 suspected cases of swine flu 甲流疑似病例 null海啸tsunami 自然灾害natural disaster　　 气象学meteorology 大气 atmosphere 气候 climate 温度 temperature 预报forecast 热带的 tropical 冰雹hail 雷 thunder 倾盆大雨 downpour 阵雨 shower 暴风雨storm 股票 stock 股价valuation 股市 equity market 股东shareholder 养老基金 pension fund 国际班机International Flight 班机号码 Flight Number 来回机票 Round-Trip Ticket 外汇Foreign exchange 垃圾邮件 spam 屏幕保护 screen saver 桌面 desktop 黑客 hacker ……null四、 善用特色词汇（平时注意积累一些特色词汇，以便考试之时派上用场，增加文章的亮点）。如： 筒子楼 tube-shaped apartment 退耕还林还草 grain for green 退耕还林还牧 convert the land for forestry and pasture 小康之家 well-off family; comfortably-off family 效益工资 achievements-related wages; wages based on benefits 形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand 选美 beauty contest 学而优则仕 (a Confucian slogan for education) a good scholar can become an official; he who excels in study can follow an official career 自主经营,自负盈亏 make one’s own management decisions and take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses 走后门 get in by the back door 走上良性发展的轨道 going on the track of sound progress ……null五、 作文首段活用词汇： depict / description describe reveal convey imply phenomenon concern handle thought-provoking fact obviously who/that problem ……nullE.g.: As is vividly depicted in the picture given above, … The chart gives us a vivid description of somebody who… The diagram vividly depicts the university students’ innovative undertakings in the West Development in China… What is revealed in the figure is really thought-provoking. The phenomenon should arouse wide concern… The occurrence deserves our wide concern… The depiction aims at revealing a fact that measures must be taken to handle this problem… The issue mirrored by the graph is truly thought-provoking.null六、 作文主体段落活用词汇： 1) achieve: … to achieve the objective of global sustainable development… 2) attain: It goes without saying that confidence plays a vital role in attaining the goals. 3) acquire: … acquire the basis survival skills so as to … 4) attention: The problem of global warming has drawn worldwide attention… 5) attitude: Different people take different attitudes towards failure. 6) bring: The growing popularity of the Internet has brought about numerous changes in our daily life. 7) carry: The reform and opening policy has been successfully carried out in China during the past three decades, which has greatly accelerated the economic growth of China. 8) according to: According to the latest statistics, we can come to the conclusion that heart disease is closely linked to drinking. null9) adapt / adjust: As far as young generation is concerned , we need to learn how to adapt ourselves to the modern society. 10) example: Let’s take the example of … to illustrate … of … 11) attach: As society develops, more and more people begin to attach great importance to environmental protection. 12) combine: Those who can combine these two things harmoniously have better chance of success in the future. 13) compare: Compared with the children in the big cities, those coming from the rural areas will be more likely to endure hardships in the future life. 14) increase: The number of the students applying for Masters’ degree is on the rise. 15) dramatic: The emergence of modern medicine ha led to a dramatic increase in world’s population. 16) reason: The chief reasons for something are as follows: ……null七、 作文总结段落活用词汇： 1) consequently: Consequently, we can draw a conclusion that … 2) view / opinion: In my view, … 3) situation: Faced with such a grim situation of ..., 4) measure: The substantial measures must be taken to … 5) awareness: to aware people’s awareness of … 6) cope: To cope with this complicated problems, … 7) only: Only in this way can we … …… null八、写出以下单词的同义词(近义词、上义词或下义词)： 网购 吃皇粮 公务员 传销 春运 大开眼界 待岗 待业 自谋生路 世界上有10亿人营养不良 严重急性呼吸道综合症 AA制 大家一致认为2009年的金融海啸对大学生就业形势可谓“雪上加霜” 哥本哈根气候会议要求全世界减少一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物 、氮氧合物 、微粒等排放量,以确保环境得到保护…… 提高公众意识 “蜗居”大城市 2008年夏天百年一遇的大洪水给中国人民带来了不可估量的损失 培养责任感 官二代/富二代/星二代….nullKey for references: 网购shopping online；E-shopping; Shopping through Internet 吃皇粮 receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government 公务员a public servant; a public official; a person with official function; a civil service worker; (Am.) an office holder 传销pyramid selling; multi-level marketing；network marketing or matrix marketing 春运(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival; passenger transport around the Chinese lunar new year 大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 待岗 await job assignment, post-waiting 待业 job-waiting; unemployed 自谋生路 be self-employed; making a living by oneself; support oneself 营养不良 malnourished; skinny; half-starved; undernourished; underfed; starving…nullSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome: SARS AA制：Dutch treatment; go Dutch /going Dutch; AA treat Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: AIDS (a kind of serious venereal disease ) 认为: think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, hold, suggest, view…as, regard…as, consider…as, deem, opine, acknowledge, suppose, reckon, feel, imagine… “一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物 、氮氧合物 、微粒”可以统称为poisonous gases （一氧化碳：carbon oxide /CO，二氧化 碳：carbon dioxide /Co2，碳氢化合物:HC, 氮氧合物:NOx, 微粒:PM) Financial tsunami:金融海啸；Financial storm:金融风暴 Financial Crisis: 金融危机null雪上加霜：one disaster after another; add to the misfortunes of a man who is already unfortunate; calamities come in succession.; disasters pile up on one another; heap calamities on sb. who is already oppressed; one disaster after another; the worst came to the worst; make more worse;… 2008年夏天百年一遇的大洪水给中国人民带来了不可估量的损失: In 2008, big floods occurred in both the south and north of China. They were the most serious ones in this century. They caused great loses. Fields were ruined, houses were washed away and many people became homeless. … (请自行改写为一句话……) 培养强烈责任感：Develop a strong sense of responsibility ； 提高社会意识：Enhance social awareness 蜗居：a tiny living space; poky room; dwelling narrowness; too small room; humble abodenull九、英语专业八级写作摆脱垃圾词汇的经验(仅举例说明) 1、垃圾词汇: help 典型例句: I’ll help you . 替代语 accommodate E.g.: I’ll endeavor to accommodate you. 2、垃圾词汇: helpful 典型例句:Something is helpful (to somebody). 替代语 conducive E.g.: Something is conducive to somebody. null3、垃圾词汇: show 典型例句: as it shows in the picture… 替代语 betray 4、垃圾词汇: think 典型例句: I think …… 替代语：deem 5、垃圾词汇: ugly 典型例句: × × × is ugly… 替代语: hideous 6、垃圾词汇: by the way 典型例句: by the way, .... 替代语 incidentally, .... 7、垃圾词汇: because 典型例句: × × × because × × × 替代语: in that / in as much asnull8、垃圾词汇: consider 典型例句: We must consider × × × 替代语: allow for… E.g.: We must allow for × × × 9、垃圾词汇: much 典型例句: There has been a much increase in the world population. 替代语: There has been a drastic increase in the … 10、垃圾词汇: about 典型例句: it is about 250 times of that… 替代语: it is approximately… 11、垃圾词汇: buy 替代语: purchase (Back to Beginning)null“Sentences” in TEM-8 Writing 一、专业八级写作中对句子的要求 在英语专业八级写作中，除了词汇的运用要求，句子 处理也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短，同一件事，可以 用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定 很单调乏味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很 费力。 　　最好的是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和 复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分 词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及 节缩成分。总之，可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵 活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但是句式不 同，内容重点也有些差别： null1） The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句) 2） Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句) 3） In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句) 4） There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语) 5） As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)null　 二、 增强英语语句表现力的有效方法 　　（一）避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。 1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如： 　　Weak： The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab. 　　Revision：The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. （转换为前置定语） 　　Or： The landscape， bare and brown， begged for spring green. （转换为并列结构作后置定 语） 2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如： 　　1） Weak： The team members are good players. 　　Revision： The team members play well. 　　2） Weak： One worker‘s plan is the elimination of tardiness. 　　Revision： One worker‘s plan eliminates tardiness.null 3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例 如： 　　1） Weak： There is no opportunity for promotion. 　　Revision： No opportunity for promotion exists. 　　2） Weak： Here are the books you ordered. 　　Revision： The books you ordered have arrived. 　　（二）多用语意具体的动词，保持句意简洁明了。 例如： 　　1、Poor： My supervisor went past my desk. 　 Better： My supervisor sauntered （=walked slowly） past my desk. 　　2、Poor： She is a careful shopper. 　　 Better： She compares prices and quality.null （三）尽量运用主动语态。例如： 　　1、Weak： The organization has been supported by charity. 　　Better： Charity has supported the organization. 　　2、Weak： The biscuits were stacked on a plate. 　　Better： Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate. 　　（四）防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如： 　　1、Wordy： My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk. 　　Improved： My little sister prefers chocolate milk. 　　2、Wordy： We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations. 　　Improved： We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.null　3、Redundant： We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire. 　　Improved： We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire. 　　4、Redundant： My sister and I bought the same， identical dress in different stores. 　　Improved： My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores. 　　（五）杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如： 　　1、Weak： They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form. 　　Improved： They will not agree to any of his proposals. 　　2、Weak： I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall. 　　Improved： I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.null三、熟悉专业八级写作基本句型 1. When asked about..., most people say... But many other people regard...as... I personally think... 当被问及对......有什么看法时，大多数人认为......但是，还有很多人认为......我个人认为...... 2. When it comes to..., some people think that... Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but... 涉及......这一问题，有的人认为应该......另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是...... 3. It is widely acknowledged that...contributed to... Experts argue that China must introduce... But I doubt whether...alone will solve the problem。 人们普遍认为......专家认为中国必须推行......但我对仅仅......就能解决问题表示怀疑。null4. An increasing number of people are joining... In reaction to the phenomenon, some say... But do they realize that...can also lead to... 　　越来越多的人......进入了......针对这一现象，一些人认为......但是，他们有没有意识到......也能导致...... 5. A growing number of people are beginning to realize that...is not the sole prerequisite for happiness。 　　越来越多的人开始意识到......并不是幸福的唯一条件。 6. There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards... A recent survey showed that...percent of respondents ranked...as their top priority, compared to...percent only a few years ago. Why do people fail to realize that...? 　　近年来出现了对社会有害的......倾向。最近的一项调查表明，......的调查对象把......作为他们的首选，相比之下，就在几年前，只有......的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到......不一定带来幸福呢？null7. I recently read a newspaper article on... The deplorable problem of...has aroused public concern nationwide。 最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于......的文章。......的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。 8. Judging from the reams of evidence presented, we can safely conclude that... 根据现有的大量证据，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：...... 9. The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that... 提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：...... 10. With the fantastic spur both in industry and its economy in China, the number of...is on the rise 随着中国工业经济的迅猛发展，......的数目不断上升。 11. It is commonly believed that the rise in...is the inevitable result of economic development。 人们普遍认为，......的增长是经济发展的必然结果。null四、落段扩展中的常用词语 1、总结关系过渡词语 generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude 2、比较对比关系过渡词语 similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless…null3、列举关系过渡词语 for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition （to that）, first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another 4、因果关系过渡词语 because （of）, as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in （from）, consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, if follows that, accordingly, therefore, hencenull5、让步关系过渡词语 although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that 6、强调关系过渡词语 anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, in deed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubtnull五、练习（按要求改写或扩写下列句子） 1) 国内外有很多人来张家界旅游观光。(用英语写成20词以上的复杂句) → 2) TV is also harmful to us.(改写成30词以上的段落句) → 3) Books helps us great. (扩写成30词以上的段落句) → 4) Bicycles are better than cars. (扩写成40词以上的段落句) → nullWhether the weather being fine or not, a great number of people from home and abroad are always crowded into Zhangjiajie, the world famous scenic spot, to have a sightseeing. (30 words) However, everything divides into two parts (Every coin has two sides). Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television. (33 words) Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us. (33 words) Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum. Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise. (46 words)null“Paragraph” in TEM-8 Writing 一、英语专业八级写作的段落布局 （一） 段落模式：“三段式” 第1段：提出问题(60-100词) 第2段：分析问题或解决问题（分三点进行阐述，250-300词） 第3段：总结（40-50词） （二）段落内容：“总——分——总”式 第1段：入题自然，引出文章主题（观点），为下文铺垫。 第2段：提炼3个论据进行论证，先讲道理，然后摆事实。 第3段：作出结论，与首段呼应。null二、文章开头段、中间段和结尾段写作经典句型 （一）开头段 开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。 开头段的常用核心句型： 1．The arguer may be right about…, but he seems to neglect （fail） to mention （takes into account） the fact that…. 2．As opposed to （Contrary to） widely （commonly / generally） held （accepted） belief （ideas / views）, I believe （argue） that… 3．Although a great number of people believe that…, I doubt （wonder）whether the argument bears much analysis （close examination）. 4．The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from （carry more weight than those of / are much greater than）A.null5．Although it is commonly （widely / generally） held （felt / accepted / agreed） that…, it is unlikely to be true that…. 6．There is an element of truth in this argument （statement）, but it ignores a deeper and more basic （important / essential） fact （reason） that…. 7．It is true that （True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,）…, but this is not to say （it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case） that…. 8．The main （obvious / great） problem （flaw / drawback） with （in） this argument （view / remark） is that it is ignorant of （blind to） the basic （bare） fact that….null9．In all the discussion and debate over…, one important （basic） fact is generally overlooked （neglected）. 10．Logical （Valid / Sound） as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant （absurd） when…is taken into consideration（account）. 11．On the surface （At first thought）, it （this） may seem a sound （an attractive）