现代大学英语精读3 lesson4

nullLesson Four Wisdom of Bear Wood Michael WelzenbachLesson Four Wisdom of Bear Wood Michael WelzenbachThe authorThe authorMichael Welzenbach (1954---2001) was an art critic as well as a poet and a novelist. He wrote some of the most stimulating criticism of art and music for the Washington Post Michael Welzenbach, "Mirrors of Their Souls" Washington Post (July 20, 1991) Friendship; Age / Nationality / Race / Social Ranks / Wealth differenceFriendship; Age / Nationality / Race / Social Ranks / Wealth differenceCan you cite examples or experiences of yourself to illustrate what friendship means to you? What do you think are the essential elements of true friendship? Why is the friendship between the boy and the old lady is true and rewarding? What’s your understanding of “wisdom” in the title?Para 1 subjunctive mood 2-1Para 1 subjunctive mood 2-1Advise/ suggest /Ask/propose/Command/Decree/Decide/Demand/Determine/ insist /maintain/ move(动议，规定) /order/ /recommend/ require Desire direct，prefer，stipulate，It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios (should) not be played after 11 o'clock at night. (表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should经常被省略)。Para 1 subjunctive mood 2-2Para 1 subjunctive mood 2-2important，natural，desirable，possible，astonishing，advisable，anxious，appropriate，compulsory，crucial，eager，essential，fitting，imperative，improper，necessary，obligatory，preferable，proper，urgent，vital，shocked，requested，amazing，strange，odd，ridiculous，surprising，unthinkable，incredibleIt is important that students graduating from universities should have not only theory but also practice. It is surprising that they should kill the time like that. It is/was + 形容词/过去分词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性，即某人对某事的反应。Wrench myself away from(p1): to twist and pull violently away or free from 猛扭；猛拉Wrench myself away from(p1): to twist and pull violently away or free from 猛扭；猛拉She tore at one man’s face as she tried to wrench free. He wrenched his ankle badly from the force of the fall. (扭伤) Many of the things are of great sentimental value and it will be a wrench to part with them. (feel very sad about it 痛苦)nullPara 2 Take/find/have (a)delight in喜爱, 以...为乐 to sb.'s delight令人高兴的是... delight in喜爱, 以...为乐 Cf. pleased delighted 所表现的心理反应在感情上强一些，在理性上弱一些,因此它所表示的心理反应是喜形于色的 My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. I was delighted to hear the news of your success. pleased 所表现的心理反应在理性上强一些，在感情上弱一些， 这个词的含义与符合自己的愿望、爱好或理想有关，因此它的内涵是满足 The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said… 主考人对我所干的一定很满意，因为他微笑着说：… We are very pleased to see you here. 我们在这里见到你很高兴。 Patchwork(p2):sth made of pieces of different materials, shapes or colorsPatchwork(p2):sth made of pieces of different materials, shapes or colorsThe lower mountains were a patchwork of green and brown. This complex republic is a patchwork of cultures, religions and nationalities.Patch (n. & v.)Patch (n. & v.)A small piece,part,or section --- a bean patch一片扁豆地 ---a patch of beans ---a patch of thin ice; ---patches of sunlight 日光斑驳 to make by sewing scraps of material together ---patch a quilt. Verge(p2):border or edgeVerge(p2):border or edgeShe’s been swept by a fury that verged on /upon madness. (=almost the same) The country was on the verge of becoming prosperous and successful. The boy was brought to the verge of bursting into tears.Pheasant 雉（鸟）Pheasant 雉（鸟）Rocket off(p2):go off like rockets similar metaphorsRocket off(p2):go off like rockets similar metaphorsMicrosoft is getting the lion share. Republicans won a landslide victory in the parliament. The newcomer was greeted with an avalanche of publicity. (雪崩n.&v.) Factories mushroomed. He tried to worm into that organization. It could snowball into a serious conflict. He was wolfing it down as if he had not eaten for days.nulllaurel---a small tree with smooth shiny dark green leaves that don’t fall in winter Laurel leaves are also used in the Olympic symbol, and laurel leaves were once woven into wreaths by the ancient Greeks to crown victors in various contests. This is also the origin of the term "laurels", which is used to indicate fame, honor and victory. win one's laurels赢得声望, 获得荣誉, 获得冠军 rest on one’s laurels安于小成；不思进取 Sweet-scented osmanthus木犀属植物Robin HoodRobin HoodnullThe Robin Hood --- A legendary English outlaw of the 12th century, hero of many ballads, who robbed the rich to give to the poor; a popular model of courage, generosity and justice, as well as of skill in archery, he lived and presided over his band of followers chiefly in Sherwood Forest。 nullEveryone has heard of Robin Hood, Nottinghamshire's诺丁汉郡(英国英格兰郡名) most famous son and the world's favourite folk hero. His adventures have been told and retold down the generations, from medieval ballad to Hollywood movie. A famous outlaw and romantic hero of the Middle Ages. Whether he was a living man or only a legend is uncertain. Old ballads relate that Robin Hood and his followers roamed the green depths of Sherwood Forest, near Nottingham, in the center of England. There they lived a carefree life, passing the time playing games of archery, hunting the king's deer, and robbing the rich. They shared their spoils with the poor and never injured women or children. Robin Hood represents the ideal of the common people of England in the later Middle Ages. He stands for liberty and the rights of the people against unjust laws and the tyranny of the nobles. Robin Hood in BalladsRobin Hood in BalladsRobin Hood and Allin-a-Dale Come listen to me, you gallants so free, All you that love mirth for to hear, And I will tell you of a bold outlaw That lived in Nottinghamshire. As Robin Hood in the forest stood, All under the greenwood tree, There he was aware of a brave young man As fine as fine might be. (Here Robin Hood helped the young man get back his bride who’s been taken away by an old knight. He often robbed the rich to help the poor.)Attachment(p3):the sense of being fond of or loyal to sbAttachment(p3):the sense of being fond of or loyal to sbThey often have a feeling of attachment to the land where their ancestors have lived. During her course she worked on attachment to Kew Gardens for six months. (work temporarily 临时配属) Some models come with attachments for dusting.（物品） Use of “attach”Use of “attach”Do you attach importance to what he said? They bought a house with garage attached. (附带车房的房子） He is foolishly attached to old customs. 他愚昧地执着于旧习俗。 She is deeply attached to her grandma. 她深爱祖母。 No blame attaches to him. 他无可指责。Abandon(p3): give up completely, forsake, desertAbandon(p3): give up completely, forsake, desertThe authorities have abandoned any attempt at relief effort due to the severe conditions. The order was given to abandon the ship. He abandoned himself to despair after so many failures.（沉溺，纵情，肆意） He has splashed dollars around with abandon. (放纵；放任；纵情) Stand:p4 growing crop or tree in a certain area (某地)正在生长的作物或树Stand:p4 growing crop or tree in a certain area (某地)正在生长的作物或树A good stand of timber 生长茂盛的树木 I took my stand upon sound precedents. 我的立场基于有利的先例. Music stand / hat stand 乐谱;帽架 A news stand / stall 报摊 Taxi stand Will the next witness please take the stand. 请下一个证人作证. (证人席)Twitter and rustle(p4):onomatopoeia象声词Twitter and rustle(p4):onomatopoeia象声词The giggle of laughter; the clink of kettles; the slap on the face; The twitter of birds; the rustle of clothes; the hiss of a snake; the gurgle of the water; the cracking of the fire; the banging of the door; the fluttering of the flag; the rumbling of the waves; the tick-tock of the clock; Metaphorical QuantifiersMetaphorical Quantifiersa giggle of girls 嘻嘻哈哈的姑娘们 an eloquence of lawyers 口若悬河的律师们 an obeisance of servants 唯唯诺诺的仆人们 a skulk of thieves 一伙贼头贼脑的小偷 a lamentation of swans 一群哀鸣的天鹅 a smother of spiders 令人毛骨悚然的蜘蛛群 an exaltation of larks 一行欢歌飞腾的云雀 a blunder of boys 莽莽撞撞的一群男孩 a consternation of mothers 大惊小怪的妈妈们 a pack of hoodlums 一伙流氓（贬义） a swarm of people 一群人 a crowd of people 拥挤的人群 a multitude of people 散落的人群 a gang of people 乌合之众 Creep(p4) & crawlCreep(p4) & crawlCreep: crawl quietly and slowly; move slowly, quietly and secretly 蠕动;爬行;缓慢/无声/偷偷地移动 The cat crept silently towards the bird. The thief crept along the corridor. to feel as though insects were crawling on the skin; 有虫爬的感觉,起鸡皮疙瘩 The sight of the cold, damp prison cell, with rats running about, made her flesh creep. to grow over a surface or reach a point gradually like ivy; 象常春藤一样蔓延;攀爬 Ivy had crept over the ruined castle walls. sth occurs or become part of another without people realizing or wanting it 不知不觉而来 A feeling of drowsiness crept over him. 一种昏昏欲睡的感觉袭击着他.nullCreepy: having or producing a nervous shivery fear 毛骨悚然 Give sb. the creeps (口)使人有虫爬的感觉(不寒而栗);厌恶 Crawl: to advance feebly, cautiously or slowly often along the ground; 爬行,匍匐 to be swarming with, or feel as if so, insects like ants爬满虫子(的感觉), 起鸡皮疙瘩 Fill the blanks with “creep” or “crawl” in their proper forms Fill the blanks with “creep” or “crawl” in their proper forms He had lost both his legs. Nobody knew how he managed to ___ home. The boy ___ out of bed and went to the kitchen to fetch ice-cream from the fridge. When we finished all the repair and ___ into bed, it was already 3 o’clock in the morning. The murdered man looked hideous. It makes her flesh ___. There’s a bug ___ up your leg.Canterbury Cathedral(p4): pilgrimage destination in the Medieval TimesCanterbury Cathedral(p4): pilgrimage destination in the Medieval TimesThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)Chaucer was the founder of English Realist literature, the earliest humanistic writer in Britain and “the Father of English Poetry.” The Canterbury Tales is a collection of tales told by a group of pilgrims. They include knights, landlords, merchants, scholars, lawyers, priests, nuns and doctors, a panorama of the 14th Century England. The Tales, vivid and humorous, mirrored the rise of capitalism and the corruption of religion and feudal rule.Rosslyn Chapel A place of worship in an institution, such as a prison, college, or hospital.Rosslyn Chapel A place of worship in an institution, such as a prison, college, or hospital.Egypt Aswan Mosque 埃及阿斯旺清真寺Egypt Aswan Mosque 埃及阿斯旺清真寺Synagogue: a Jewish congregation or the house of worship for that purpose, a Jewish institution for prayer, study, and socializing 犹太会堂;犹太教堂Synagogue: a Jewish congregation or the house of worship for that purpose, a Jewish institution for prayer, study, and socializing 犹太会堂;犹太教堂Touro SynagogueTouro Synagoguenullsanctuary: a consecrated place such as the part of a church in which the alter is placed temple pagoda Echo & Narcissus Echo & Narcissus Echo. Nymph condemned by Hera to speak only when echoing the words of others. She fell hopelessly in love with Narcissus and pined away in unrequited passion until only her voice was left. Narcissus does not care about nymphs. The spurned Echo can be seen behind turned into stone. nullproceed （Pa5）proceed （Pa5）1.[(+to/with)] continue: The old man took a drink from his cup and proceeded with his story. 2. To begin to carry on an action or a process[+to-v] After everyone was seated the chairman proceeded to announce his plan. 3. To move on in an orderly manner The project is proceeding as planned. He got off the bus and proceeded home on foot. 他下了汽车,步行回家。(沿特定路线)行进[Q] 4. To institute and conduct legal action [(+against)] The district attorney proceeded against the defaulting debtor. 地方检察官起诉不履行债务的债务人。 5. originate or issue:[(+from)] The whole trouble processed from a misunderstanding.Greek and Roman mythologyGreek and Roman mythologyChaos Erebus (darkness)=Nox (night) Aether(light)=Hemera(day) Eros (Amor)(love) Uranus Saturn (the titans, children of earth & heaven) Jupiter(Zeus) Ceres(Demeter) Juno(Hera) Pluto(Hades) Neptune (Poseidon) Vesta (Hestia) Jupiter’s children: Mars(Ares) Apollo Diana(Artemis) Venus(Aphrodite) Mercury Nine Muses Three Graces HerculesnullThe earth: flat and circular, the center: Mount Olympus or Delphi (for oracles) Hebe passes the drink Apollo plays the lyre and the Muses sing Minerva智慧女神 and the Graces weave the clothes Vulcan was architect, smith, armourer and artist of all work, who married Venus(爱与美之神)Cupid(Eros) the son of Venus Mercury the messenger of Jupiter Ceres, the wife of Pluto, presides over agriculture Bacchus (Dionysus) /bækəs/, the god of wine, the promoter of civilization, and a lawgiver and lover of peace nullThe Muses preside over song and prompt memory The Graces preside over the banquet, the dance, and all social enjoyments and elegant arts The Fates(3) spin the thread of human destiny and will cut it off when they pleaseThe Furies(3) punish the crimes of those who escape or defy public justice. Nemesis is an avenging goddess, esp against pride and insolence Pan, the god of flocks and shepherds Prometheus Pandora, first woman on earthThe ages of the worldThe ages of the worldThe Golden Age: an age of innocence and happiness, perpetual spring, the river flowed with milk and wine, honey distilled from the oaks The Silver Age:seasons, grow crops, The Brazen Age: more savage of temper, readier to the strife of arms, not altogether wicked The Iron Age: crimes, fraud and cunning, violence, land is divided into possessions, dig ores of metals, war springs out The Flooding of the earth only one man and one woman left, the race of Prometheus, “cast behind you the bones of your mother(stones)” Creatures(p5)Creatures(p5)wild fowl poultry water fowl wild beast livestock sea creatures reptile insect mollusc amphibian flora and fauna猎鸟 家禽 水鸟；水禽 野兽 家畜 海洋生物 爬行动物;爬虫 昆虫 软体动物 两栖动物 动植物null Para 6 frail--- thin and weak, esp because you have become old eg: At 85, Doris, single, diabetic and living alone, was Becoming increasingly forgetful and frail. run into--- meet sb by chance eg: 1) I ran into a good friend of mine in the street the other day. 2) (fig.) We’ve run into bad weather/debt/trouble/difficulties. instinctively touching her throat with her hand instinctively--- based on instinct; based on natural tendency eg: Instinctively, he flung up his hand to protect his eyes. ease---freedom from difficulty, effort, pain etc eg: 1) He immediately felt completely at ease (=relaxed and able to talk freely) 2) She soon put/set me at ease (=made me relaxed and able to talk freely) powerful-looking binoculars---高倍望远镜 ocular demonstration 直观演示 an ocular witness 目击者, 见证人 dangle--- hang or swing loosely eg: 1) She had big earrings dangling from her ear. 2) A loose electric wire was dangling from the wall. nullAlbatross Woodpecker Quail Robin VulturenullHeron Sparrow Hawk owlPara 11 waryPara 11 waryOn guard; watchful I’m a bit wary of/about giving people my address when I don’t know them very well. She’s been a bit wary of dogs ever since one bit her as a child. Some children are wary of strangers. 有些小孩怕/提防陌生人。 他提防泄漏秘密。 He is wary of telling secrets. 2. Cautious a wary glance at the black clouds 谨慎地瞥了一眼乌云 Para 11Para 11gamekeeper--- someone whose job is to look after birds and animals that are kept to be hunted on private land. Notice the use of the word “game” to refer to the animals, birds, and fish that are hunted for food or as a sport. to be introduced--- to be brought into this place from somewhere else for the first time eg: 1) When we introduced this system, no one believed it would work. 2) Such unpopular legislation is unlikely to be introduced before the next election.Trespass(p12) on:intrude, enter unlawfully Trespass(p12) on:intrude, enter unlawfully They were trespassing on private property. In language, rhythm and imagination Naomi Wallace is trespassing on traditional male preserves动植物保护区. (involving oneself in an area of activity where one is not wanted because it is someone else’s concern.)Warn (p14) to make sb aware of a possible danger or problem, esp one in the future Warn (p14) to make sb aware of a possible danger or problem, esp one in the future 1) Scientists have warned that further extremely high winds are likely. [ + that clause] 2) We were warned not to eat the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset. [ T+obj+to infinitive] 3) Have you warned them that there will be an extra person for dinner? [ T+obj+that clause] 4) I was warned against/off going to the east coast because it was so full of tourists. [+against] extend (P15)extend (P15)1. To open or straighten (something) out; unbend: extended the legs of the folding table. 2. To cause (something) to be or last longer Can‘t you extend your visit for a few days? 你们访问的时间不能延长几天吗？ 3. To offer: I would like to extend a warm welcome to our visitors. 我想对我们的来访者表示热烈的欢迎。 extend one's greetings. Euphemisms for Death and DyingEuphemisms for Death and DyingDecease/perish/expire/pass away cash in your chips - another reference to viewing life as a loan   kick the bucket - hanging  (go to/be in)Abraham's bosom answer the last call breathe one's last debt we all must pay go home feet first join one's ancestors  join the angels  join the majority Wistful (p17)Wistful (p17)1.Pensively sad; melancholy. a wistful expression渴望的表情 wistful response to beauty对美的沉思 2.Full of wishful yearning. She had a last wistful look at the house.她留戀地最後朝那房子看了一眼。 The boy looked with wistful eyes at the toys on display. 那男孩看著展出的玩具,眼中流露出渴望的神情。null stuffed--- having the skin of a dead animal filled to make it look real Run(p20):to flow rapidlyRun(p20):to flow rapidlyRun water into a glass. Run the hose over the lawn The street ran oil after an oil truck overturned. Her eyes ran hot tears. The wound ran blood. The well ran 500 barrels of oil daily.Brim over(p24):overflow, burst withBrim over(p24):overflow, burst withTears were brimming in her eyes. He was brimming with ideas and excitement. 他主意层出不穷跃跃欲试。 Her laughter brimmed with mirth. a truck brimming over with new cotton 兴高采烈 brimming over with high spiritsBully(P24) n.&v. a rough and threatening man, esp one paid by sb to hurt or frighten other peopleBully(P24) n.&v. a rough and threatening man, esp one paid by sb to hurt or frighten other peopleOur survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school. Don’t let anyone bully you into doing something you don’t want to do. Incline (p26)to think that a particular belief or opinion is most likely to be rightIncline (p26)to think that a particular belief or opinion is most likely to be right 1) Most people incline to the belief that globalization is a good thing to have. 2) She is easily taken in. She inclines to take everything people say at face value. to be inclined to do sth--- tending to eg: Young people are often inclined to think that old people are stupid. to be musically ( artistically, linguistically, mathematically inclined--- to be naturally interested in or good at music ( art, language, mathematics)To eye sb/sth:P28 to observe narrowly, often in suspicion, jealousy, or in longing To eye sb/sth:P28 to observe narrowly, often in suspicion, jealousy, or in longing 1) The policeman eyed me in suspicion. I think he thought I was drunk. 2) She eyed (up) (=looked closely at ) the other passengers warily/suspiciously. 她警惕/怀疑地注视着其他乘客。Sting(p31): prick painfully叮，蛰Sting(p31): prick painfully叮，蛰The cold wind stung their cheeks. Peppers stings my tongue. The smoke is stinging my eyes. The mixture of industrial pollution and dust stung her eyes.In time(p36):after some time, finallyIn time(p36):after some time, finallyIn time you’ll learn everything. Tim