自考高级英语II

Lesson One 1. The lower your position is, the more people you are afraid of . (1)—此处采用了”the + 比较级…+ the + 比较级…”结构，示”越…，就越…”，前者是状语从句，后者是主句。E.g. the more, the better 越多越好。The harder she worked, the more progress she made. 她工作越努力，进步越大。 2. And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build the company and now own and direct it. (1)—who found and build the company and now own and direct it为men 的定语从句。另外注意，found 意为”创立、设立”。E.g. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国于1949年成立。这里不要与find 的过去分词found混淆，因常用的搭配形式为help (to) do sth. 3. In the normal course of a business day… (3)—in the course of为固定词组，意为”在…当中”。E.g. In the course of the discussion many constructive opinions were heard.在讨论当中，听到了很多具有建设性的意见。 4. Green is afraid of me because most of the work in my department is done for the Sales Department, which is more important than his department,… (3)—which is more important than his department为the Sales Department的非限时性定语从句。 5. …every now and then…(4)—意为”时时，有时”，也可用every now and again. e.g. The actress still appears on TV ever now and then.这位女演员仍不时地出现在电视上。 6. …he is too busy with his own work to pay that much attention to (for n.) + to do意思是”由于太…以致不能”。E.g. The problem was so complicated that we couldn’t solve.这个问题太复杂，我们无法解决。也可用so…that…替代。 E.g. The problem was so complicated that we couldn’t solve it. 词组be busy with意为”忙于…”，同时注意pay attention to 后接名词（动名词）。 7. Most of the work we do in my department is, in the long run, trivial. (4)—we do in my department为most of the work的定语从句，其中的先行词that已省略。 In the long run为插入部分，意为”终究，到最后”。E.g. He will lose money in the long run. 他终究会把钱赔掉。 8. I have one other person working for me who is not afraid of anyone, not even me, and I would fire him quickly, but I’m afraid of him…(5)—who is not afraid of anyone为one other person的定语从句。Fire在此做动词，意为”解雇”。E.g. At the end of a month he was fired for incompetence.到月底时，他由于能力不够而被解雇了。 9. The people in the company who are most afraid of most people are the salesman.(6)—The people in the company who are most afraid of most people为主语部分，而who are most afraid of most people为定语从句，修饰people. 10. They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary. (6)—under pressure为固定的搭配形式，意为”被迫，迫不得已”。that is extraordinary为定语从句，修饰pressure. 11. on the verge of(7)—濒于，濒临，即将。注意该词组通常用于不好的事情。 E.g. He was on the verge of (committing) suicide. 他濒临自杀的边缘。 12. …a record of the sales results of the preceding week for each sales office and for the Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company is kept and compared to the sales results for the corresponding week of the year before.(7)—a record of the sales results of the preceding week for each sales office and for the Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company为该句的主语部分，a record为主语，而其他为其定语。 13. The results of this photocopying and distributing is that there is almost continuous public scrutiny…(7)—that there is almost continuous public scrutiny为该句的表语从句。 14. …for fear they may start doing worse. (8)—for fear(that)意为”以免…，以防…”。 E.g. She hid her jewelry for fear that it would be stolen.她把宝石藏起来，以防被偷。 15. It might even be canceled before it is filled, in which case no one is certain if anything was gained or lost.(8)—in which case no one is certain if anything was gained or lost为该句的状语从句，修饰全句。 16. Each of them can name at least one superior in the company… (9)—name在此做动词，意为”说出…的姓名”。 E.g. How many countries can you name?你能举出几个国家的名称？ 17. The company encourages this. (10)—encourage鼓励。由前缀en-与courage（勇气）结合而成。前缀en-:1)置于名词或形容词前，构成动词，表示”使得…”。E.g. enlarge”放大”；2)置于名词前，表示”放进，赋予”。 E.g. endanger”使陷入危险”。 18. …and rewards salesman who make a good impression on the golf course. (10)—who make a good impression on the golf course为宾语salesman的定语从句。 reward此处做动词，意为”奖赏”，该词还常用做名词。E.g. HE worked hard without any hope of reward.他还辛勤工作却丝毫不期待报酬。 19. …and salesman who get divorced, or whose wives die, know they had better remarry or begin looking ahead toward a different job. (11)—who get divorced和whose wives die都是定语从句，用来修饰salesman, they had better remarry or begin looking ahead toward a different job为该句的宾语从句，其先行词that已省略。begin的用法有两种，即begin to do sth.或begin doing sth. 20. …the salesman react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected. (12)—该句中采用了react to这一固定搭配，注意其后接名词，意为”对…产生反应”。 E.g. The eye reacts to light.眼对光会起反应。而to which they are subjected为修饰supervision的定语从句。 21. The salesmen are proud of their position and of the status and importance they enjoy within the company, for the function of my department, and of most other departments, is to help the salesmen sell.(13)—be proud of为固定搭配，意为”对…感到自豪”。 they enjoy within the company为定语从句，修饰status and importance。介词for引导原因状语从句，从句中的主干为…the function is to help the salesmen sell. Help sb. (to) do为另一种搭配形式，其中的to常省略，意为”帮助某人做某事”。E.g. I helped him look for his key.我帮他找钥匙。 22. The people in the company who are least afraid are the few in our small Market Research Department, who believe in nothing and are concerned with collecting, organizing, interpreting, and reorganizing statistical information about the public, the market, the country, and the world.(14)—who are least afraid为people的定语从句。而who believe in nothing and are concerned with collecting, organizing, interpreting, and reorganizing statistical information about the public, the market, the country, and the world为the few的定语从句。词组be concerned with意为”与…有关系”。E.g. He is concerned with the new project.他参与了那项新计划。 23. …and they know they will not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if they lose their jobs here.(14)—they will not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if they lose their jobs here为该句的宾语从句，其先行词that已省略。从句中的固定搭配have trouble doing sth.意为”做某事很费事”，口语中常用have trouble in doing sth.。e.g. I had no trouble (in) finding his office.我毫不费力就找到了他的办公室。 24. Their budget, too, is small, for they are no longer permitted to undertake large projects.(14)—too此处意为”也，而且”，通常置于句尾，但为避免意思的模糊不清，有时置于被修饰词的后面。E.g. She, too, like traveling. 她也喜欢旅行。因She likes traveling, too既可解释为”她对旅行也喜欢”，又可解释为”她也喜欢旅行”。意义不清楚。表前者之意时重读traveling，表后者之意时重读she。Undertake意为”承担”，该词由前缀under-与take构成，前缀under-意为1）“不足够的”。E.g. undervalue“低估”；2）“…之下的，…的下方”。E.g. underline“在…下划线”。 25. …and there is no way of knowing anymore whether the information on which we base our own information for distribution is true or false.（15）--这个句子分为几个层次，whether the information on which we base our own information for distribution is true or false为know的宾语，而the information on which we base our own information for distribution为该从句中的主语，而on which we base our own information for distribution为该从句中的主语the information的定语从句。 26. to a great extent…（15）--大大地，大部分，与to a large extent意同。E.g. It was to a great extent composed of intellectuals.它主要都是由知识分子组成的。 27. I am very good at these techniques of deception… （16）--be good at为固定的搭配形式，意为“擅长于…” e.g. He is good at (playing) tennis.他很擅长打网球。 28. There are so many now who actually believe that what we do is really important. (16)-- who actually believe that what we do is really important为many的定语从句，而who为该从句中的主语，that what we do is really important为believe的宾语从句，what we do又为该宾语从句中的主语从句。 29. This happens not only to salesmen…(16)—happen to sb.意为“发生于…身上”。E.g. She hoped nothing bad would happen to him.她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。注意如happen to后接动词时，则意为“偶然，碰巧。E.g. I happened to see him on the street.我碰巧在街上看见他。 30. about(16)—此处做副词，意为“大概，约”，与approximately意同。 E.g. About fifty people were present.大约有50人出席。 31. It’s wise person, I guess, who knows he’s dumb, and an honest person who knows he’s a liar.(17)—I guess为插入部分。该主句采用了it is…who…的强调句型，而an honest person who knows he’s a liar为该强调句型的省略形式，其完整形式为and it is an honest person who knows he’s a liar. 32. …depending on how well or poorly things are going at the office or at home with my wife, or with my retarded son, or with my other son, or my daughter, or the colored maid, or the nurse for my retarded son…(17)—该句为状语部分，其中多处由or with my retarded son, or with my other son为with my wife的并列结构，而or my daughter, or the colored maid, or the nurse for my retarded son与my other son为并列结构。 33. I am bored with my work very often now. (19)—be bored with对…感到厌烦。 E.g. He was bored with the same story.重复同样的故事使他觉得厌烦。 34. …but I usually perform at my best under under this stimulating kind of pressure and enjoy my job the most. (20)—at one’s best为固定搭配形式，意为“处于最佳状态”。E.g. The cherry blossoms are at their best.樱花盛开。 35. I handle all of these important projects myself,…(20)—handle在此做动词，意为“处理，应付。该词的其他常用意为：1）“把手”，e.g. The handle of the suitcase.手提箱的把手；2）“触摸”，e.g. Handle the glassware with care.玻璃制品请小心轻放。 36. I frequently feel I’m being taken advantage of merely because I’m asked to do the work I’m paid to do.(20)—I’m…do.为宾语从句。I’m paid to do为the work的定语从句。而take advantage of在此意为“利用（人或人的弱点等）”，其常用意为“利用”。E.g. I hope that this library is fully taken advantage of.我希望这座图书馆能被充分利用。 37. for a while(21)—意为“一会儿”，while还可与形容词搭配。 E.g. We had to wait a little while for the bus.我们只好等了一会儿公共汽车。I haven’t seen him for a long while.我已经好久没见过他了。 38. At the very top, of course, are those people, mostly young and without dependents, to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work, and who regard their present association with it as something temporary.(21)-- of course为插入部分。因该句的主语部分(those people, mostly young and without dependents, to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work, and who regard their present association with it as something temporary)过长，为保持句子的平衡，故该句采用了倒装形式。mostly young and without dependents为those people的同位语，而to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work, and who regard their present association with it as something temporary则为其定语从句。 39. regardless of(21)—意为“不顾，不管”。E.g. He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’s feelings.他想到什么就说什么，毫不考虑别人的感受。 40. I have the feeling now that there is no place left for me to go. (24)-- that there is no place left for me to go为feeling的定语从句。 Lesson Two 1. She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. (1)—本句中，现在分词短语watching the evening invade the avenue作动词sat的伴随状语。 2. …in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne.(1)—本句为倒装句，正常语序为The odour of dusty cretonne was in her nostrils. 3. …she heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses. (2)—本句中，clacking…and…crunching为并列结构，作heard的宾语补足语。介词短语before the new red houses作定语修饰path。 4. One time there used to be a field there in which they used to play every evening with other people’s children. (2)—one time表示“曾经，一度”。 E.g. At one time we used to go skiing every winter. 我一度每个冬天都去滑雪。In which引导一个表示地点的定语从句修饰field。 Used to be表示“过去经常”。 E.g. Life here is much easier than it used to be.如今这里的生活比从前可舒服多了。请注意它与be used to (doing) sth.的区别，后者意为“习惯，适应”。 E.g. The food in England is strange at first but you will soon get used to it.英国食物一开始吃不惯，但不久你就会适应。 5. …built houses in it—not like their little brown houses, but bright brick house with shining roofs. (2)—本句中，not…but…为一个常用结构，表示“不是…而是…”。 6. little Keogh the cripple(2)—the cripple为little Keogh的同位语。 7. Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick;… (2)—hunt本意为“打猎”，这里是“驱赶；赶走”的意思。 E.g. Hunt the neighbor’s cat out of the garden! 把邻居的猫赶出花园！in这里是副词，hunt in这里可译为“赶回家去”。 8. keep nix (2) –这里是俚语，意为“监视；站岗”；相当于”keep watch”。 9. Still they seem to have been rather happy then. (2)—still表示“尽管这样”，相当于”in spite of this”。E.g. He has treated you badly; still, he’s your brother and you should help him.他待你不好，但他终究是你的兄弟，你应该帮助他。 10. She looked round the room, reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years, wondering where on earth all the dust came from. (3)—现在分词短语reviewing…和wondering…作looked的伴随状语。Which引导一个定语从句，修饰objects。On earth通常用来加强语气，意为“到底，究竟”。E.g. What on earth are you doing?你到底在做什么？ 11. Perhaps she would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never dreamed of being divided. (3)—from which引导一个从句修饰objects，其中介词from是与divide连用，表示“与…分开”。Not dream of sth./doing sth.是固定短语，意为“无论如何也不做某事”。 E.g. I should never have dreamt of saying such a thing. 我无论任何也不会说出这样的话来。表示“梦见某事物”时，常用”dream of/about sth./doing sth.”结构。 E.g. I dreamt about flying last night.昨晚我梦见自己在飞翔。 12. And yet during all those years she had never found out the name of the priest whose yellowing photograph hung on the wall above the broken harmonium beside the coloured print of the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque. (3)—本句中，whose引导的定语从句修饰the priest,其中yellow是动词，意为“变黄，发黄”。 E.g. The manuscript had yellowed with age.手稿因年久而发黄了。介词短语on the wall, above the broken harmonium, beside the coloured print of the promises均为表示地点的状语；过去分词短语made…作定语修饰promises. 13. consent to do (4)—意为“同意”。E.g. They finally consented to go with us.他们最终同意跟我们一起走。还可以说：“consent to sth.”。E.g. She made the proposal, and I readily consented to it.她提出建议，我欣然同意。 14. She tried to weigh each side of the question. (4)—weigh本意为“称重”。E.g. This piece of meat weighs four pounds. 这片肉重四磅。在这里是“衡量”的意思。E.g. to weight the pros and cons权衡正反两方面的意见。 15. …she had those whom she had known all her life about her. (4)—这里about相当于around，意为“在身边”。这个句子的主句为She had those about her.其中含有一定语从句，其关联词whom在从句中作宾语。 16. …and her place would be filled up by advertisement. (4)—fill本意为“添满”，这里意为“派某人担任某职”。E.g. The vacancy has already been filled.空缺已有人补上。 17. She had always had an edge on her, especially whenever there were people listening. (4)—have edge on/over sb.意为“略胜过”。E.g. The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his folder opponent.年轻的网球选手显然要比年长的那个对手略胜一筹。在本文中可理解为“总想压她一头”。 18. She would not be treated as her mother had been. (8)—本句中省略了一些成分，原句应为”She would not be treated (in a way) as her mother had been treated.” 19. She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations. (8)—本句中，第一个that指代上文中提到的“她担心挨父亲的打”这件事，第二个that为强调句”it was…that”结构中的that. 20. go far(8)—在本文中意为“攻击；打”。E.g. The newspaper really went for him over his defense of terrorism.报纸对他偏袒恐怖主义的行为大肆攻击。另外，go for还有以下常见的意思：1)适用于。What I said about Smith goes for you, too.我说的有关史密斯的话也适用于你。2)去找来。Shall I go for a doctor? 我去请医生来好吗？3)喜欢。I don’t go much for modern art.我不太喜欢现代艺术。4)选择。I think I’ll go for the fruit salad.我想我还是要水果沙拉吧。 21. …but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother’s sake. (8)—本句中，latterly是“近来”的意思，相当于“lately; nowadays”。For the sake of sb./for sb.’s sake，意为“为了某人起见”。E.g. I’ll help you for your sister’s sake.看在你姐姐的面子上，我会帮助你。Only这里是“要不然；要不是”的意思。E.g. He would probably do well in the examination only he gets very nervous.他要不是考试时太紧张，成绩可能会不错。这句话可译为“要不是看在她死在的母亲的面上，他会怎样对待他。” 22. In the end he would give her money and ask her had she any intention of buying Sunday’s dinner. (8)—该句的这种说法不太普遍，通常我们会说”ask her if she had any intention of buying Sunday’s dinner”。 23. Then she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing, holding her black leather purse tightly in her hand in her hand as she elbowed her way through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions. (8)—本句中，现在分词短语holding…和returning…为并列成分修饰动词do，前者作伴随状语，后者表示结果。As连接同时发生的两个动作hold和elbow。Elbow one’s way through用肘朝一方向强行开路，e.g. He elbowed his way through the crowd.他用肘开路，从人群中挤过。 24. She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school regularly and got their meals regularly. (8)—本句中，charge译为“照管，监护”。E.g. to leave a child in a friend’s charge把孩子留给朋友照顾。That引导的宾语从句中，who引导的定语从句修饰children。 25. She was to go away with him by the night-boat to be his wife and to live with him in Buenos Ayres, where he had a home waiting for her. (9)—本句中，不定式to be his wife和to live with him作目的状语。Where引导的非限定性定语从句修饰Buenos Ayres。 26. He was standing at the gate, his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbled forward over a face of bronze. (9)-- his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tumbled…为独立结构，逻辑主语分别为his peaked cap和his hair。试比较：1)Turning to the right, you will see the church.向右转，你会看到教堂。2)John arriving home, Mary asked him to dine.约翰回到家里，玛丽要他去吃饭。第一句中分句的主语是you与主句的主语的一致，可改写为”If you turn to the right, you will see the church.”。第二句中分词的主语为John，跟主句的主语从句不一致，可改写为”When John arrived home, Mary asked him to dine.”。 27. He had started as a deck boy at a month on a ship of the Allan Line going out of Canada. (9)—at指比率、价格、速度等。E.g. I bought this coat at half-price.我用半价买了这件衣服。Line这里指“运输公司”。E.g. a shipping line轮船公司, an air line航空公司。分词短语going out to Canada作定语修饰ship。 28. He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Ayres. (9)—fall on one’s feet 表示“迅速恢复”，这里可译为“站稳脚跟”。 29. The white of two letters in her lap grew indistinct. (12)—white这里是名词“白色”的意思。E.g. be dressed in white穿一身白色的衣服。 30. …when she had been laid up for a day…(12)这里lay up表示“卧床不起”。E.g. I have been laid up with flu for a week.我患流感已在家休息了一个星期了。 31. Her time was running out, but she continued to sit by the window, leaning her head against the window curtain, inhaling the odour of dusty cretonne. (13)—run out表示“耗尽，用光”的意思。E.g. We are running out of petrol.我们的汽油快用光了。分词短语leaning…和inhaling…为并列结构，作伴随状语修饰sit。 32. She knew the air. (13)—air这里意为“曲子”。 33. Strange that it should come that very night to remind her of the promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home together as long as she could. (13)—strange前省略了It is…，这种结构后面的宾语从句通常要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气结构。her promise to keep the home together as long as she could为前面the promise的同位语，进一步说明promise的内容。Keep the home together这里意为“维持这个家”。 34. As she mused the pitiful vision of her mother’s life laid its spell on the very quick of her being—that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness. (15)—本句中的主句的主语为the pitiful vision of her mother’s life。Spell本意为“魔力、威势”，这里可理解为“触动；震动”的意思。that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness为her mother’s life的同位语。现在分词短语closing in final craziness表示结果，可译为“最后却死于精神失常”。 35. Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat, lying in beside the quay wall, with illumined portholes. (18)—现在分词短语lying…和介词短语with illuminated portholes作伴随状语。Catch a glimpse of意为“一眼瞥见”。E.g. He caught a glimpse of her before she banished into the crowd.他看见她一闪就在人群中消失了。 Lesson Three 1. Newspapers have two great advantages over television. (1)—句子中have two great advantages over意为“胜于，优于”。E.g. You have an advantage over me. You can make dress.你比我强，你会做衣服。Advantage还可用在其他短语中：give sb an advantage over意为“使某人比较有利”。E.g. John’s university education gave him advantage over other boys.约翰所受的大学教育使他比其他男孩处于更有利的地位。Take advantage of的意思为“利用”。E.g. I took advantage of the moment to leave the room.我利用那一刻离开了房间。To sb’s advantage意为“对某人有利”。E.g. It is to our advantage to recognize this characteristic.认清这一特点对我们有利。 2. against (1)—介词，这里意思是“预防，防备”。它还有其他不同的译法。We have saved some money against old age.我们积攒了一些钱以备养老。还可表示反对关系。E.g. We are going to call a general strike against armed intervention.我们准备号召一次大罢工以反对武装干涉。英语中常用介词来表示动作，意思相当于汉语中的某些动词，翻译时应注意词类转换。 3. But here are some interesting statistics from a little, and little known, survey… (2)—这是一个以here引起的倒装句。由here引起谓语是be的句子常使用倒装结构，e.g. Here is your book.这是你的书。但如果主语过短，就仍用正常语序。E.g. Here we are. This is the railway station.咱们到了，这就是车站。句中第一个little为形容词，意思为“小的”，直接修饰后面的名词survey；第二个little是副词，意思为“很少”，修饰形容词known。 4. In it he asks everybody but me this question:… (2)—代词it指上文中的survey。But为介词，意思是“除去，除了”，多和nothing, anything, nobody, nowhere, who, all等连用。E.g. There was nothing to be seen but a few lights.除了几盏灯，什么也看不见。No one can do it but him.除了他，谁也做不了这件事。It was anything but bad.这并不是什么坏事。Put it anywhere but on the floor.放哪儿都行，就是别放地上。I had no alternative but to walk out.除了走出来，我别无选择。The whole day long I hear nothing else but that I am an insufferable boy.我整天听到的话全都是说我是个不可容忍的孩子。 5. … as against nineteen per cent for radio. (3)—这里as against表示对比关系，意思是“而…是”。For radio是介词短语，作定语修饰nineteen per cent (people)，介词for表示“赞成或主张”的意思。E.g. Are you for the gover