西方心理学史人物时间表（700B.C.——1971）(英文版)

 From: http://psychology.okstate.edu/museum/history/ History of Psychology Homepage History of Psychology Timeline In the beginning....... 700 B.C. Psamtik I conducts the first psychological experiment in Egypt 625 – 546 B.C. Time period of Thales, who invented the idea of Nous. He was the first Greek philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, is credited with writing a book on navigation, and is rumored to have been Anaximander’s teacher. Circa 600 B.C. ”Discovery of mind” in various parts of the world 580 B.C. The Greek philosopher Anaximander, a biologist, geographer, and astronomer, organizes a map of the world 550 B.C. Pythagoras, the first pure mathematician, completes his famous theorem 535 - ~450 B.C. The time Period of Alcmaeon, who proposed four 'powers' of the body: hot, cold, wet, and dry. Also asked the question, "Where does the nous live?" 507 B.C. Cleisthenes makes Athens the world’s first democracy. 500 - 428 B.C. The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras, philosopher, mathematician and teacher of Pericles 490 - 420 B.C. The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Protagoras, who believed that truth and knowledge are created by the mind. 469 - 399 B.C. The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Socrates, teacher of Plato. 460 - 377 B.C. The Time Period of Hippocrates, father of medicine, the Hippocratic oath, and the 4 "humors" (blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile) 460 - 370 B.C. The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Democritus, who came up with the concept of 'atoms.' Atoms struck the body and were translated into perception in the mind. 427 - 348 B.C. The Time Period of the Greek philosopher Plato, teacher of Aristotle 384 - 322 B.C. Aristotle Era of the great philosopher 367 B.C. Plato becomes the founder of the Academia 350 B.C. Aristotle creates The Anima 341 - 270 B.C. Epicurus Time period of the philosopher Epicurus, who based his physics on the theory of a materialistic universe unregulated by divine providence and composed of indestructible atoms moving in a void. Founder of Epicureanism: "Pleasure is the beginning and the end of the blessed life" 336 - 264 B.C. Time period of the philosopher Zeno, cofounder of stoicism (a philosophy that stated that peace could only be found through controlling ones emotions) 335 B.C. Aristotle becomes the founder of the Lyceum 120 - 201 Time period of Galen, whose work influenced the medical community for 1500 years. Galen worked on a theory of personalities, and was the first to classify emotions. 406 Augustine completes Confessions 426 Augustine completes City of God 1247 Bedlam World's first mental hospital opens in London. It was called Bethlehem Royal Hospital, but soon became commonly known as 'Bedlam.' 1264 St.Thomas Aquinas Publishes his famous Summa Theologica 1605 Francis Bacon Biography The Proficience and Advancement of Learning is published 1632 - 1704 Time period of John Locke, a major leader of the British empiricist tradition, and one of the most influential philosophers of post-renaissance Europe. 1637 French philosopher Renê Descartes publishes Discourse on Method. Descartes is famous for the quote "I think, therefore I am" 1649 René Descartes Writes Passions of the Soul which postulates the total separation of body and soul 1651 Thomas Hobbes Publishes the Leviathan 1690 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is published by English philosopher John Locke 1709 George Berkeley An Essay Toward a New Theory of Vision is published 1732 A treatise of empirical psychology is published by Christian von Wolff 1734 A treatise of rational psychology is published by Christian von Wolff 1748 David Hume Publishes the famous An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding 1782 Immanuel Kant, one of the most influential philosophers of the day, publishes Critique of Pure Reason 1834 Johannes Müller publishes Handbüch des Physiologie des Menschen 1838 Elements of Physiology is published by Johannes Müller 1858 Wilhelm Wundt Works with Hermannn von Helmholtz as his assistant 1859 Charles Darwin Publishes The origin of the species 1860 Gustav Theodor Fechner publishes Elements of Psychophysics 1869 Francis Galton Hereditary Genius is published 1871 The descent of man is published by Charles Darwin 1872 Charles Darwin publishes The Expression of the Emotions in the Man and in the Animals 1874 Wundt left Heidelberg for a better position at the University of Zurich 1875 William James Teaches the course The relationships among the Physiology and the Psychology Wundt leaves Zurich and heads toward University of Leipzig 1876 Francis Galton uses method of twin comparisons 1879 Wilhelm Wundt establishes first psychological laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany 1880 Francis Galton makes systematic use of questionaries 1881 Wundt begins to publishes journal Philosophische Studien 1883 Francis Galton publishes Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development The first laboratory of psychology in America is established at Johns Hopkins University by G. Stanley Hall 1885 Hermann Ebbinghaus Ebbinghaus publishes Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (Über das Gedächtnis) 1887 Christine Ladd-Franklin receives an honorary LLD from Vassar, the only Vassar graduate to receive this honor 1888 J. McKeen Cattell Becomes America's first professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania 1890 William James publishes Principles of Psychology J. M. Cattel publishes Mental Tests and measurements. 1892 The American Psychological Association is founded, having only 42 members Ladd-Franklin develops the Ladd-Franklin theory, which stated that evolution led to an increased differentiation between color and black and white vision, and assumed a photochemical model of the visual system. This theory enjoyed widespread acceptance for many years. Edward B. Titchener, student of Wundt, comes to the US. 1894 Margaret Floy Washburn Washburn completes her training under Titchener 1896 Mary Whiton Calkins Calkins publishes a paper in the Psychological Review extending Ebbinghaus' memory research. 1900 Sigmund Freud Publishes The Interpretation of Dreams Carl G. Jung Carl G. Jung is appointed Bleuler's assistant 1905 Alfred Binet Publishes New Methods for the Diagnosis of the Intellectual Level of Subnormals. Calkins elected as the first woman president of the American Psychological Association 1906 Ivan Pavlov Publishes his findings regarding classical conditioning 1907 Carl G. Jung publishes The Psychology of Dementia Praecox Alfred Adler Alfred Adler publishes his main work: A Study of Organic Inferiority and Its Psychical Compensation 1908 Kurt Koffka Koffka receives his doctorate under Stumpf at the University of Berlin Alfred Binet and Theodor Simon develop tests for measurement children's intelligence Washburn publishes, "The Animal Mind" 1909 Wolfgang Kohler Kohler receieves his doctorate under Stumpf at the University of Berlin Calkins publishes an introductory psychology textbook, "A First Book in Psychology" 1910 Max Wertheimer Wertheimer discoveres the illusionary movement of light, and calls it the "Phi Phenomenon" Wertheimer, Koffka and Kohler meet 1911 E. L. Thorndike Publishes his famous Animal Intelligence 1912 Wertheimer publishes, "Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement." These findings marked the beginning of Gestalt Psychology 1913 John Watson Publishes Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It Carl G. Jung begins to depart from freudian views and develops his own theories Kohler goes to the Canary Islands to study chimpanzees. He is stranded there until the end of World War I. 1915 Sigmund Freud publishes the metapsychological work on repression 1916 Washburn publishes, "Movement and Mental Imagery" 1917 Kohler writes "The Mentality of Apes" 1918 Calkins elected as the first woman president of the American Philosophical Association 1920 Kohler returns to Germany Watson is forced to leave academia. He enters the advertising business, where he applies psychological methods and principles to advertising. 1921 Washburn elected as the second woman president of the American Psychological Association Koffka publishes "The Growth of the Mind," which deals with child development. 1922 Koffka introduces Gestal Psychology to America with Perception: An Introduction to the Gestalt Theory Kohler succeeds Stumpf at the University of Berlin 1923 Sigmund Freud publishes The Ego and the Id 1925 E. K. Strong publishes The Psychology of Selling and Advertising Ladd-Franklin publishes "The Nature of Color Sensation" 1930 B. F. Skinner Publishes his first experimental paper, On The Conditions of Eliciation of certain Eating Reflexes 1932 Washurn becomes the first woman psychologist and second woman scientist elected to the National Academy of Sciences 1935 Koffka publishes "Principles of Gestalt Psychology" Kohler flees Germany, joins the faculty of Swarthmore College, and becomes the spokesman for Gestalt Psychology 1937 B. F. Skinner uses the term operant for the first time and applies the term respondent to the pavlovian type of reflex 1938 B. F.Skinner publishes The Behavior of the Organisms 1942 Carl Rogers Develops therapy centered on the patient 1954 Abraham Maslow developes a hierarquical theory of human personality in the book Motivation and Personality 1957 B. F. Skinner publishes Verbal behavior Watson receives a citation from the American Psychological Association for his contributions to psychology 1959 Kohler elected as president of the American Psychological Association 1960 Robert Watson publishes article History of Psychology: a Neglected Area 1961 Carl Rogers publishes On becoming a person 1968 Abraham Maslow publishes Toward a Psychology of Being 1971 B. F. Skinner publishes Beyond Freedom and Dignity Information about the History of Psychology Homepage  can be obtained from:  Dr. Charles I. Abramson at (405) 744-7492 via E-Mail: charles.abramson@okstate.edu programmed and created by Brian Goldesberry and Jason Sapp  with special thanks to Craig Satterfield and Charles Abramson. The contents of these pages copyright 2004 by Charles Abramson and Craig Satterfield.  No part of these pages may be reproduced or used in any format without written permission.