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大学英语6级考试:改错总结

2010-05-31 3页 doc 39KB 17阅读

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大学英语6级考试:改错总结www.topsage.com 大学英语6级考试:改错总结 总体而言,六级考试的综合改错题的命题内容有如下三大方面:⑴词汇用法 ⑵语法知识 ⑶篇章理解。以下摘录历年六级考试综合改错题中出现的这三大类错误进行具体的分析: 词汇错误 1.固定搭配错误 主要是一些常用介词短语、动词短语、形容词短语的误用,另外,一些固定句型中词汇的搭配也容易出错。应付此类错误的方法是大量记忆,熟悉这些固定的搭配。 例1: …about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at o...
大学英语6级考试:改错总结
www.topsage.com 大学6级考试:改错总结 总体而言,六级考试的综合改错的命题内容有如下三大方面:⑴词汇用法 ⑵语法知识 ⑶篇章理解。以下摘录历年六级考试综合改错题中出现的这三大类错误进行具体的分析: 词汇错误 1.固定搭配错误 主要是一些常用介词短语、动词短语、形容词短语的误用,另外,一些固定句型中词汇的搭配也容易出错。应付此类错误的方法是大量记忆,熟悉这些固定的搭配。 例1: …about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East.(2000年6 月第75题)   at应改为in,in the country为固定介词短语搭配。 例2:…,but such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients.(1993年6月第75题)  in应改为on,dependent on为固定的动词短语搭配。 例3:However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners.(2000年6月第73题)        as应改为than, more … than …为固定句型搭配,示“与其说……不如说……。 2. 词类错误 此类错误多是形容词形式与副词形式的误用, 系动词后须用形容词, 副词才能修饰另一个形容词(或作用相当于形容词的现在分词、过去分词)与副词。 例1:In every case, the influential person may unconsciously notice the imitation but he will feel comfortably in its presence. (1995 年1月第77题) comfortably应改为comfortable, 系动词feel后应为形容词形式。 例2: Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passing jet. (1995年6月第78题) careful应改为carefully, 修饰过去分词protected应用副词,而不是形容词。 3. 单词的混用 这种错误是指误用了某个在形式与意义上与正确的单词近似的单词。 例1:Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses and trucks. (1995年6月第73题)    本文讲述噪音污染,所以,此处的voice应改为noise。 例2:Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin. (2000年6月第78题)此处as应改为like,as与like都可做介词用,表示“象……”时,应用like,而as表示“作为……”。 语法错误 1. 时态与语态的错误 例1:Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously only indirectly. (2000年1月第71题)此处的had应改为has,原文第一段都用一般现在时叙述事实,而且本句有标志词“now”,所以,此处不宜用过去时had,而应用一般现在时的has 例2:There were no public schools, and besides, the few pennies which the children could earn needed to help support the family. (1994年1月第75题)   后半句的主语 a few pennies 与谓语动词needed之间为被动关系,所以此处应在needed之前加上were 2. 主谓一致的错误 当主语的修饰部分较长时,或主语为不可数名词、集合名词、不定代词、并列名词,对谓语动词的数有特定的要求时,极易造成主语与谓语在人称与数上的不一致的错误。考生要善于分析句子、抓句子的主干部分。例1:Perhaps one in every seven deaths in Europes crowded cities were caused by the disease. (2001年6月第73题)were 应改为was,因为主语为one in every seven deaths, 所以谓语动词必须用单数形式。 例2:Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. (1996年1月第73题)此处rest应改为rests,因为此处的主语为主语从句Whether women who … pay equality with men, 而非women,因而,谓语动词须用单数的形式 3. 非谓语动词的误用 不定式、分词、动名词等非谓语动词形式的误用也较常见,这其中尤以现在分词、过去分词的混淆更为普遍,考生应掌握非谓语动词的一般性用法,还应熟悉一些特殊动词,如感官动词、使役动词等特殊动词后宾语补语的形式。 例1:So a sportsman's individual way of walking with raised shoulders is imitated by an admired fan. (1995年1月第74题)过去分词有“被动”的含义,此处admired应改为admiring,admiring fan才表示“羡慕别人的体育迷”。 例2:… make them to work as hard as they could and, … (1994年1月第80题)make作使役动词时,宾语补语须为省to的不定式形式,所以to应删去。 4. 名词单复数形式的误用 最常见的错误为,该用名词复数形式,却用单数形式,此类错误极易发现。 例如:Sensitive people have been mirroring their friend and acquaintances all their lives. (1995年1月第79题)毫无疑问,friend应改为friends。 5. 及物与不及物动词的混淆 及物动词与不及物动词的区别在于,前者可直接接宾语,后者须加上介词后才能接宾语,此类错误主要表现为介词的冗余与遗漏。在学习词汇时,还应注意动词是否为及物动词。 例1:But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions.(2000年1月第80题)  arrive为不及物动词,因此其后须加上介词at,arrive at a conclusion /conclusions“得出结论”,当然,此处也可以直接把arriving改为及物动词reaching或drawing。 例2:You may have noticed about how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. (1995年1月第72题)     notice为及物动词,后面不必用介词about,所以必须省去about 6. 冠词的误用 常见错误为,定冠词the与不定冠词a、an的误用及冠词的冗余 例1:Day or night, the sound of the work fills the air. (1995年6月第77题)此处的the应去掉,此处并未特指某一项工作,所以不必用定冠词the,work为抽象名词,泛指一切工作 例2:Most of the dollar differences stem from fact that women tend to bemore recently employed and have more years on the jobs. (1996年1月第71题)       fact后有同位语从句修饰,所以,fact之前应加上定冠词the。 7. 缺失主语 当句子较长或结构较复杂时,往往容易缺失主语或形式主语 例1:They believed that was good business to hire men、women and children as cheaply as possible … (1994年1月第79题)在此句中,宾语从句的形式主语it缺失,所以,应在that与was之间加上it。 例2:If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. (2002年1月第73题)主句的主语同样也缺失,根据上下文,enjoys前应加上主语he。 8.平行结构的错误 句子的并列对等的部分要保持形式上的一致,但往往出现宾语不一致、谓语动词不一致、表语的不一致的错误。例如:At the beginning of the nineteenth century working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous.   being应改为were,这里是三个并列的句子谓语动词应该一致,都用过去时 篇章理解错误  1. 语意的颠倒 这类错误多指在语意表达上用了相反的词,造成上下文逻辑推理上的自相矛盾。做题前阅读全文,领会上下文承接关系与语意关系将裨益无穷。 例1:… for example, when such a person walks down a street, he or she is constantly unaware of others. Such people never bump into other people.从后一句看,unaware应改为aware,否则前后语意矛盾,逻辑不通 例2:If he was present because of sickness, there was often no job for him when he returned. (1994年1月第76题)显然,将present改为absent才合乎逻辑。 2. 指代关系的错误  这类错误主要指由于人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的误用,导致指示不清、逻辑混乱,甚至前后矛盾。细心、全局观是破解此类错误的杀手锏。 例1:A break in their employment, or a decision to work part time, will slow its raises and promotions. (1996年1月第75题)从原文看,此处指妇女涨工资、被提拔的速度会大大地减缓,所以,its应改为their(妇女的)。 例2:… he finds it pleasing he is influencing people: they are drawn to them. 从文中看,them应改为him,指人们为他所吸引。 3. 连接词与关系词的错误 这类错误主要出现在定语从句与状语从句中,正确地分析句与句之间的逻辑关系,才能选择合适的连接词与关系词。 例1:It appears that we all find company in sound, if we all demand a little quiet from time to time.(1995年6月第80题)原文讲述噪音污染,从上下文看,前后两句之间应为转折关系,而非条件关系,所以,连词if应改为but。 例2:Instead, this other person told us a story, it he said was quite well known …(2000年6月第74题)后半句显然是一个非限定性定语从句,修饰story,所以,应将it改为关系词which。
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