Unit_2_Spring_Sowing (课堂PPT)

Unit2SpringSowingBYQixiaoyang**Warm-upBackgroundinformationWordstudyTextanalysisSummaryContents**Warm-upTe**Q1:ThetexttellsastoryaboutspringsowinginIreland,doyouknowhowspringsowingisdoneinourcountry?Openupplow犁地ridge作垄Manure施肥seaweed/straw稻草sow/spreadtheseeds播种.raisethesod除草water…浇水****Handsowing:Flatsowing平耕Ridgesowing垄耕**Q2:Whatdoesspringmeantoyou?Q3:Whatarethetop3qualitiesyourspousemustpossess?**TraditionalVirtuesHardworkSimplelivingDisciplineStrongsenseofresponsibilityResponsibilityforthehappinessofyourwife/husband,parentsandchildrenHonestyLongingforthefutureJoyandlove**Backgroundinformation1.Author:LiamO’Flaherty**1896-1984OneofthemostsignificantandimportantmodernAnglo-Irishauthors.Histhemesstemfromhisexperiencesgrowingupinapoverty-strickensocietyontheislandofAran.Thenaturalistic,mystical,romantic,andrealisticstyles.**MainWorksThyNeighbor‘sWife(你邻居的妻子)TheBlackSoulTheInformer（告密者）（wasmadeintoafilmofthesamename）TheAssassinShametheDevilFamine（饥荒）**IrishLiterature**Backgroundinformation2.Ireland****TheAnglo-IrishWarendedin1921,creatingtheIrishFreeState,aDominionwithintheBritishEmpire,witheffectiveinternalindependence,butstillconstitutionallylinkedwiththeBritishCrown.TheFreeStatelefttheCommonwealthtobecomearepublicin1949Language:English,IrishCapital:DublinReligion:92%Catholicism**Irelandisasmall,modern,trade-dependenteconomywithgrowthaveragingarobust（稳定的，坚定的）7%in1995—2004.Agriculture,oncethemostimportantsector,isnowdwarfedbyindustryandservices.Ireland****Backgroundinformation3.Potato**Thepotatowasintroducedaroundtheyear1600.Whenitarrived,thepotato’spopularitywasbasedonthepotatoproducingmorefoodperacrethananyothercropsIrishfarmershadgrownbefore.ThePotatoComestoIreland**IrelandwasthefirstcountryinEuropewherethepotatobecameamajorfoodsource.Bythe1800's,thepotatowassoimportantinIrelandthatsomeofthepoorerpartsofthecountryreliedentirelyonthepotatoforfood.Becausethepotatowassoabundantandcouldfeedsomanypeople,itallowedthepopulationofIrelandtogrowveryquickly.ThePotatoComestoIreland**WordsStudy**asserta.tostateorexpresspositively;toaffirm清楚而有力地表明（某事物）为事实;声称;断言assertone’sinnocenceb.toput(oneself)forwardboldlyorforcefullyinanefforttomakeanopinionknown坚定而有信心地使别人认识到（某事物）;坚持:Example:Ihadtoassertmyselfinthemeetinginordertoensureacquisitionofthenewbook.**Toassertistostateone'sopinionconfidentlybutoftenwithoutprooftosupportit.e.g.:“IhaveendeavoredtoassertnothingbutwhatIhadgoodauthorityfor.”(WilliamSewel)Asseverateconnotessobersincerityofassertion.e.g.:“ThetaxpayeralsoasseveratesthathisreturnfromGreeceprovesconclusivelythathisintentionswereandarehonorable.”(DailyReportforExecutives)纳税人同时郑重声明他从希腊的返回，本身就非常有说服力地证明他的意图，曾经是，现在也是诚实的（行政官员每日报告）除了我的确有把握的事情外，我不会断然地讲任何事情”（威廉·西维尔）。**Whatyoudowhenyoueat…Crunch:crushsthnoisilywiththeteethwheneating嘎吱嘎吱地咬或嚼某物:E.g.:crunchpeanuts,biscuits,etc嚼花生﹑饼乾等Munch/Champ/chomp:tobiteoreatsomethingnoisily用力咀嚼（某物）;大嚼E.g.:Barrysatmunchingonanapple.Gnaw:tokeepbitingsth.hard(+away/at/on)咬，啃E.g.:shegnawedatherfingernails.Swallow:causeorallow(espfoodordrink)togodownthethroat吞下或咽下（尤指食物或饮料）E.g.:Takingpillsiseasy;justputtheminyourmouthandswallow.Gulp/bolt:swallow(foodordrink)quicklyorgreedily快速或贪婪地吞咽（食物或饮料）E.g.:Shegulpeddownherbreakfastandranforthebus.**brusque粗鲁的,无准备的;blunt率直的,直言不讳的;crusty爱发脾气的,暴躁的Theseadjectivesmean“abruptandsometimesdiscourteousinmannerorspeech”.gruff(声音)粗哑的;生硬的(人的行为)冷淡的;态度生硬的**Gruffimpliesroughnessorsurlinessofmannerandoftenharshspeechbutdoesnotnecessarilysuggestrudeness.Heranswerwasgruff,buthereyestwinkled.Brusqueemphasizesrudeabruptness.Trytocultivatealessbrusquemanner.**Bluntstressesutterfranknessandusuallyanupsettingdirectness.e.g.:Ihavetobeblunt:you'renotwelcomehere.Crustysuggestsaroughandforbidding(难亲近的)mannerthatsometimesconcealsbenevolenceofspirit.e.g.:He'sacrustyoldgentlemanwhofeedsstraydogsandcats.**imminencen.thenearnessofsomethingthatisgoingtohappenimminenta.abouttohappenverysoonExamples:theimminenceofnuclearwarAnannouncementoffurthercutsingovernmentexpenditureisimminent.**a.totakegreatpleasureordelightb.(literaryorhumorous)todance,drink,sing,etc.,atapartyorinpublic,esp.inanoisywayExamples:Afterthelonghotsummerwerevelledintherainstorm.Theyrevelledalldayandallnightaftertheirexams.revelv.revelryrevelerWordformation**streakn.a.aline,mark,orbanddifferentiatedbycolorortexturefromitssurroundingsb.aslightcontrastingelement;atrace(个性中的）些微特点Examples:streaksofgreyappearinginhisblackhairTherewasastreakofwildness/crueltyinhim.(Aninherent,oftencontrastingquality)**swearv.a.touserudeandoffensivelanguageb.topromisethatyouwilldosomethingc.tosayverystronglythatwhatyouaresayingistrueExample:Heturnedroundandsworeatme.Victorsworehewouldgethisrevenge.Monasworenevertoreturnhome.Doyouswearonyourhonorthatyouwillnevertellanyone?**subjugatev.a.todefeat(peopleoracountry)andruletheminawaythatallowsthemnofreedomb.totreat(yourself,yourwishesoryourbeliefs)asbeinglessimportantthanotherpeopleortheirwishesorbeliefsSynonymsdefeatconquervanquishbeatovercomeExample:Journalistsmustsubjugatepersonalpoliticalconvictionstotheirprofessionalcommitmenttofairnessandbalance.**defeat,conquer,vanquish,beat,overcomeTheseverbsmean“togetthebetterofanadversary”.Defeatisthemostgeneral.e.g.:“Whetherwedefeattheenemyinonebattle,orbydegrees,theconsequenceswillbethesame.”(ThomasPaine)Conquersuggestsdecisiveandoftenwide-scalevictory.e.g.:“Aconqueringarmyontheborderwillnotbehaltedbythepowerofeloquence.”(OttovonBismarck)**Vanquishemphasizestotalmastery.e.g.:TheforcesofNapoleonwerevanquishedatWaterloo.Beat,lessformal,isoftentheequivalentofdefeat,thoughbeatmayconveygreateremphasis.e.g.:“Towinbattles…youbeatthesoul…oftheenemyman.”(GeorgeS.Patton)Subjugatemorestronglyimpliesreducinganopponenttosubmission.e.g.:“ThelastforeignertosubjugateEnglandwasaNormandukeintheMiddleAgesnamedWilliam.”(StanleyMeisler)**Toovercomeistoprevailover,oftenbypersevering.overcomeanenemyovercometemptationovercomeaphysicalhandicap**a.ashakingmovementoftheearthb.ashakingmovementcausedbyfear，nervousness,illness,weakness,etc.WordFormationtremulous颤抖的,打颤的Example:Therewasaslighttremorinhisvoice.Thestorywassoterriblethatitsenttremorsdownmyspine(脊椎).tremorn.**TextAnalysis**Aboutthestory:“SpringSowing”istakenfromtheauthor’sfirstcollectionofshortstorieswhichbearsthesametitlepublishedin1924.Thestorydescribesthefirstdayofthefirstspringplantingofanewly-weddedcoupleagainstthebackgroundofatraditionalagriculturalcountry.**TextStructurePart1(Paras. 1—4): MartinandMarybegantheirfirstdayofspringsowingasacouple.a.Theyoungcouplegotupearly.(Paras.1-2)b.Theywerefilledwithbothexcitementandanxiety.(Paras.3-4)Part2(Paras.5—31):Adetaileddescriptionofthespringsowing.a.Theysetoutwiththejoyofspringandwerethefirsttostart.(Paras.5-11)b.Martin'sattentionwaswhollydevotedtowork.(Paras.12-14)c.Theyhadalunchbreakinthefield.(Paras.15-20)d.Martin'sgrandfathercametoinspecttheirwork.(Paras.21-31)Part3(Paras.31—35):Theywereproudoftheirgoodday'swork.a.ForafleetingmomentMarydreadedbeingafarmer'swife.(Para.32)b.Martinwaspleasedwithhisdisplayofmanhood.(Para.33)c.Marylookedintoherfuturerealistically.(Paras.34-35)**DetailedDiscussionoftheTextPara1rakeoutsth:removeashesfrom(afireetc)livecoalslive:stillburningorglowing;notextincte.g.:alivespark;alivevolcanoMore“live”sLivefish,alivebomb,livecoverage,livewire**Outside,cockswerecrowingandawhitestreakwasrisingfromtheground,asitwere…streak(n.):astreakisalongthinmark,lineorbandofadifferentsubstanceorcolor.Hereinthetext,itreferstotherayofearlysunlightwhichwaswhiteagainstthedarksky.e.g.:Therearestreaksofgrayappearinginherblackhair.**streak(v.):1)tocoverwithlineseg:Thewomanfinishedhermovingstory,ourfaceswerestreakedwithtears.2)tomoveveryfasteg:Thecatstreakedacrosstheroadwiththedogbehindit.(idm.)1)likeastreakoflightning:veryquickly2)awinning/losingstreak:referstotherepeatedsuccess/failureduringatimeofgoodorbadluck**asitwere:seemingly;inaway;sotospeak(usedtocommentonthespeaker’sownchoiceofwords,whichmaygiveonlyanapproximatemeaning)e.g.:Sheseemedveryrelaxed---inhernaturalsettingasitwere.**Para2…Hisfreckledfaceandhislittlefairmoustache…freckled:coveredwithsmalllight-brownspotsonthehumanskinfair:lightincolor;blondTheman’sfairmoustacheandfreckledfacesuggestthatheisstillquiteyoung**Herblackhairpiledattherearofherheadwithalargecombgleaminginthemiddleofthepile,Spanishfashion.P:herblackhairpiledintoamassatthebackofherheadwithacombshininginthemiddleofthepile,inthewaySpanishpeopledo.Combisusedheretokeepherhairbackandfordecoration.**Para3Theyateinsilence,sleepyandbad-humoredandyetonfirewithexcitement,foritwasthefirstdayoftheirspringsowingasmanandwife.onfire:(fig.)burningwithemotion,passionorsensation;greatlyexcited;fullofardor;veryenthusiastic,excited,orpassionateeg:Hewasonfirewithexcitementatthismarveloussight.manandwife:husbandandwifeP:Theyhadtheirbreakfast,keepingsilent,althoughstillnotfullyawake,theyoungcouplewasalreadygreatlyexcited,becausethatdaywasthefirstdayoftheirfirstplantingaftertheygotmarried.**Butsomehowtheimminenceofaneventthathadbeenlongexpected,loved,fearedandpreparedformadethemdejected.theimminenceofanevent:thefactthatsth.(usu.unpleasant)isnowabouttotakeplace.dejected:irritated;inalowspirit;depressed;disheartened;sadP:Thecouplehadbeenlookingforwardtoandpreparingforthisspringplantingforalongtime.Butnowthatthedayhadfinallyarrived,strangely,theyfeltsomehowabitsad.**Para4Martinfelloverabasketinthehalf-darknessofthebarn,hesworeandsaidthatamanwouldbebetteroffdeadthan…bebetteroff(doingsth):bewiser(todosthspecified);inamorefavorablepositionorfinancialcircumstances(Thisphraseisthecomparativeformof“welloff”)e.g.:He’dbebetteroffgoingtothepoliceaboutit.Theywouldbebetteroffflyingthandrivingthere.Q:Whatishegoingtosayafter“than”?tohavetogetupatsuchanearlyhourandbegintheday’stoil---probablyfortherestofhislife**…letusnotbeginthisdaycrosswithoneanother…becross(withsb)(aboutsth):beratherangryorirritated;annoyed;ill-temperede.g.:Iwascrosswithhimforbeinglate.**Andsomehow,astheyembraced,alltheirirritationandsleepinessleftthem.AndtheystoodthereembracinguntilatlastMartinpushedherfromhimwithpretendedroughnessandsaid:“Come,come,girl,itwillbesunsetbeforewebeginatthisrate.”atthisrate:atthisspeedP:However,alloftheunhappinessanddrowsinessmeltawaywiththeirhug.Theyremainedineachother’sarmsuntilfinallyMartinpushedheraway,withpretendedroughness,otherwisetheywouldnotbeabletogetanythingdoneinthewholeday.**Para5Still,astheywalkedsilentlyintheirrawhideshoesthroughthelittlehamlet,therewasnotasoulabout.hamlet:asmallvillagesoul:hereitmeansaperson,notthespiritualpartofapersonthatsomebelievetocontinuetoexistaftertheydie.P:Whentheywalkedsilentlythroughthesmallvillage,theysawnotasinglepersonaround.**Andtheybothlookedbackatthelittleclusterofcabinsthatwasthecenteroftheirworld,withthrobbinghearts.Forthejoyofspringhadnowtakencompleteholdofthem.Clustera.numberofthingsofthesamekindgrowingcloselytogetherb.numberofpeople,animalsorthingsgroupedcloselytogetherE.g.:ivygrowinginthickclustersaclusterof:numberofpeople,animalsorthingsgroupedcloselytogetheraclusterofcabins:agroupofwoodenhousesveryclosetogethereg:aclusterofhouses,spectators,bees,islands,etcReporterswereclusteredroundthePrimeMinister.（V.)**Throbbingtobeatrapidlyorviolently,astheheartpoundsb.astronglowcontinuousbeatExamples:Myheartwasthrobbingwithexcitement.thethrobofmachinery机器的振动**totakecompleteholdof:togaincompletecontrolorinfluenceoversb;tohavegreatpoweroversb;tooverpowersbe.g.:Shefeltastrangeexcitementtakingholdofher.P:Bothofthemlookedbacktowardstheirsmallvillage,whichwasthemostimportantplaceTheirheartswerequiveringwithexcitementatthatmoment,forthecomingofspringhadalreadyfilledtheirheartswithpleasure.**Para6Itwasalittletriangularpatchofgroundunderanivy-coveredlimestonehill.ivy-coveredadj.nounpastparticiplesnow-coveredwind-blownflood-strickenweather-beatenhen-peckeddog-tiredstudent-centered被雪覆盖的被风吹的受灾的（因风吹日晒）粗糙的，受损的怕老婆的，惧内的极度疲乏的，累极了以学生为中心的**Para10“Now,inthenameofGod,”hecried…inthenameofGod:usedtoaddforcetodeterminationInthenameof:1)onbehalfofsb/sthe.g.:IgreetyouinthenameofthePresident.2)bytheauthorityofsth凭借某事物的权威e.g.:Iarrestyouinthenameofthelaw.3)callingsb/sthtowitness以……作证E.g.:InGod’sname,whatareyoudoing?4)forthesakeofsth为某事物的缘故e.g.:Theydiditallinthenameoffriendship.**Para11Herfingersoutsideherwoolenmittenswerenumbwith…woolenadj.suffix-en:madeof;lookinglikebrazenearthengoldenleadenwooden黄铜制的；坚硬的土制的；地球上的金制的；金色的铅制的；沉闷的木制的；呆笨的**whitenv.suffix-en:tomakeorbecomedarkenfastenheightenlengthenmoistensharpenstrengthenweakenworsen变黑暗装牢；系紧增高；增强（使）变长使湿润（使）锐利；（使）敏锐加强；（使）坚固使弱；使稀薄（使）恶化；（使）变坏**numba.a.(ofapartofthebody)unabletofeelanything,usuallyforashorttimeb.notabletofeelanyemotionsorthinkcheerfullybecauseyouaresoshockedorfrightenedExamples:Ihadbeenlyingawkwardlyandmyleghadgonenumb.Myfingersweresocoldthattheyfeltnumb.Eversincehisgirlfriendlefthimhehasfeltnumb**Para12Supposeanybodysawuslikethisinthefieldofourspringsowing,whatwouldtheytakeusforbutapairofuseless,soft,empty-headedpeoplethatwouldbesuretodieofhunger.totakefor:toregardaseg:Doyoutakemeforatool?Don’ttakeoursilenceforapproval.soft:weakordelicate;notstrongorvigorous;esp.notabletoendurehardship,asbecauseofeasylivingempty-headed:stupid;sillyandignorant;lackingsenseordiscretionP:Ifpeopleshouldseeuslikethis(withyourarmroundmywaist),whatwouldtheythinkofus?Theyweresuretotakeusforapairofgood-for-nothings,peoplewhoareunabletoendurehardshipandfoolishand,therefore,weresuretodieofhunger.**Hiseyeshadawild,eagerlightinthemasifsomeprimevalimpulsewereburningwithinhisbrainanddrivingouteveryotherdesirebutthatofassertinghismanhoodandofsubjugatingtheearth.primeval:belongingtothefirstorearliestageorages;primitive;ancientbut:except;withtheexceptionof;saveeg:Hedidn’tspeakanythingbutEnglish.toassertone’smanhood:tostatestronglyorbehaveinsuchawayastoshowthatyouarealreadyafullgrownman**subjugate:tobringundercontrol;toconquer;tosubduetosubjugatetheearth:toconquertheearthandmakeitproducefoodP:Hiseyesshoneandhisonlydesirenowwastoprovewhatastrongmanhewasandhowhecouldconquertheland.**Para13…buthedrewbackatthesametimeandgazeddistantlyattheground.drawback:withdraw;retreate.g.:IguessIlookedterrible,becausemymotherdrewbackwhenshesawmyface.gazedistantlyattheground:tolookatthegroundasifshewerefarremovedfromthepresentsituation;tobeabsorbedinthought**…heturnedupthefirstsodwithacrunchingsound…turnup:todigup(Noticethat“toturnup”hereisnotanidiomaticphraseverb)E.g.:Turnuptheradioalittlebit.Ican’thear.Idon’tknowwhyshedidn’tturnupatthemeetingtheotherday.(=appear)sod:asectionofgrass-coveredsurfacesoilheldtogetherwithmattedrootstocrunch:tomakeacracklingsoundasifyouarechewingsthnoisily**Marysighedandwalkedbackhurriedlytoherseedswithfurrowedbrows.Furrowedbrows:deepfrownsQ:WhydidMarysigh?Whydidshewalkbackhurriedlywithfurrowedbrows?**…todriveoutthesuddenterrorthathadseizedheratthatmomentwhenshesawthefierce,hardlookinherhusband’seyesthatwereunconsciousofherpresence.P:(…shebegantoworkhard)inordertogetridoftheterrorthatsuddenlyseizedherwhenshesawthatherhusbandhadsuddenlychangedfromthelovinghusbandsheknewintoafierce-lookingfarmerwhodidnotseemtobeawarethathisbridewaswithhim.**Shebecamesuddenlyafraidofthatpitiless,cruelearth,thepeasant’sslavemaster,thatwouldkeepherchainedtohardworkandpovertyallherlifeuntilshewouldsinkagainintoitbosom.pitiless:withoutpity;unfeeling;cruel;mercilesstobechainedto:tobeboundto;tohaveyourfreedomrestrainedbecauseofaresponsibilityyoucannotescapede.g.:Womennowadaysrefusetobechainedtothekitchensink.tosinkagainintoitsbosom:todieandbeburiedintheearth;toreturntotheearthP:Shebecameafraidoftheearthbecauseitwasgoingtoforcehertoworklikeaslaveandforcehertostruggleagainstpovertyallherlifeuntilshediedandwasburiedinit.**Hershort-livedlovewasgone.Henceforthshewasonlyherhusband’shelpertotilltheearth.henceforth:fromthistimeon;fromnowontotilltheearth:topreparelandforraisingcropsabyplowingandfertilizing;tocultivateP:Thelovetheyhadforeachotherdidnotlastlong.Fromthenon,shewasmerelyherhusband’shelperandhadtoworksidebysidewithhim.**AndMartin,absolutelywithoutthought,workedfuriously…furiously:withgreatenergy;fiercelyP:Martinontheotherhandhadnotimetowasteonidlethoughts.Hejustconcentratedonhisworkandworkedwithgreatenergy.**Para14…therewasasharpnessinthestillthinairthatmadethemenjumpontheirspadehaltsferociouslyandbeatthesodsasiftheywerelivingenemies.halt:thetoppartofthespadewhichyoupresswithyourfootferociously:furiously;fierelyP:Thechillyandbitingairofearlyspringmadethepeasantsworkfiercelywiththeirspades,beatingthesodsasiftheywereenemies.**Birdshoppedsilentlybeforethespades,withtheirheadscockedsideway,watchingforworms.Madebravebyhunger,theyoftendashedunderthespadestosecuretheirfood.tococksideways:totiltorturn(saidoftheheadorear)toonesidee.g.:Hepausedandcockedhisheadasiflistening.tosecure:togetholdorpossessionof;toobtainafteralotofeffort;toacquiree.g.:Withatremendouseffort,shemanagedtosecureaticketforme.**Para17“Yes,isn’titlovely,”saidMary,lookingattheblackridgeswistfully.Yes,isn’titlovely:Yes,itislovelyindeed.(Noticethatthispatternisusedtoexpressagreement.)wistfully:showingorexpressingmelancholyyearningsQ:WhatdoyouthinkwasonMary’smindatthatmoment?Shewassadthatthiswasgoingtobeherlifefromnowon,toilingandsweatingoverthelanduntilthedayshedied.Butontheotherhandwhattheyhaddonethatdayalsomakeherproudandhopeful.**Thehurriedtriptothevillageandthetroubleofgettingtheteareadyhadrobbedherofherappetite.robsbofsth:todeprivesbofsthbelongingtothatpersonbyanunjustproceduree.g.:Theaccidentrobbedhimofhishealth.P:Shewassotiredthatshelostherappetite.**Shehadtokeepblowingattheturffirewiththerimofherskirt,andthesmokenearlyblindedher.blowatthefire:tosentoutacurrentofairtothefireturf:peat;asoftbrownsubstancelikeearththatisusedforburninginsteadofcoal,especiallyinIreland;adenseaccumulationofvegetablematterfoundinaswamp,usedasfuelinsteadofcoalwhendried.**…,withthevalleyallroundglisteningwithfreshseaweed……,withalargecombgleaminginthemiddleofthepile,…(para.1)Lightswereglimmeringinthewindows…(para.5)glisten:toshineandlookwetoroilygleam:shinesoftly发出柔和的光glimmer:sendoutaweakunsteadylight发出微弱的闪光**Itoverpoweredthatotherfeelingofdreadthathadbeenwithherduringthemorning.overpowera.toovercomeorvanquishbysuperiorforce;tosubdue压倒，征服，击败b.toaffectsostronglyastomakehelplessorineffective;tooverwhelm(感情等)压倒;使无法忍受Examples:Policeoverpoweredthecriminalandtookhimaway.Thesmellofthegarbageoverpoweredme.Theywereoverpoweredbygriefwhentheirsondied.**Para18Martinateheartily,revellinginhisgreatthirstandhisgreathunger,witheveryporeofhisbodyopentothepureair.eatheartily:withagoodappetitetorevelin:totakemuchpleasurein;todelightinpore:oneofthesmallholesinyourskinthatsweatpassesthroughP:TheheavyworkmadeMartinthirstyandhungryandmadehimenjoyhislunchandteamore.**Shylyandinsilence,notknowingwhattosayandashamedoftheirgentlefeeling.Q:Whyweretheyshyandashamedoftheirgentlefeelings?FeaturesofFarmersmenoffewwordsshyorbashful,notverydemonstrativefeelingashamedoftheirgentlefeelingsbecauseafarmer’slifeistough,andagoodfarmerisnotsupposedtobesoftandsentimental**Para19Theraspingnoisecarriedalongwayinthesilence.rasp:makeaharshgratingsoundcarryalongway:(saidofsoundorsmell)togoveryfarE.g.:Eveninthisstillnesshedoubtedifthesoundwouldcarryalongway.**Para32Thenshethoughtofthejourneyhomeandthetroubleoffeedingthepigs,puttingthefowlsintotheircoopsandgettingthesupperready,andamomentaryflashofrebellionagainsttheslaveryofbeingapeasant’swifecrossedhermind.Itpassedinamoment.thefowls:thechickenscoop:ashedforchickenmomentary:lastingforonlyamoment;passing;transitoryaflashofsth:asudden,briefandintensedisplayofsthe.g.:Theessayscoulddowithaflashofwitorhumor.**tocrossone’smind:(also:topassthroughone’smind)suddenlyoccurtoonee.g.:Itnevercrossedmymindthattheywouldturntheproposaldown.Itpassedthroughhermindthathemighthavegotlost.P:Whenshethoughtofallthedrudgerywaitingforherathome,suddenlyshewantedtobreakthechainsonherasapeasant’swife,butitonlylastedaveryshorttime.Sheimmediatelydismissedtheidea.**Thecowlowed.Thelion_____.Thedog_____.Thepig_____.Therooster_____.Thelark_____.Thecuckoo_____.Thewasp_____.Thebee_____.Thefrog_____.roars/howlsbarks/bays…gruntscrowssingscuckooshumsBuzzes/humscroaks