Unit4 dealing with AIDS

Unit4DealingWithAIDSReadthefollowingsentencesaloud,payingspecialattentiontopausingandsentencestresses.Ineverthought/thatanythingbadcouldhappentome/ormyfriends.Thenoneday/IsawDavidinthemall/andIconfrontedhim/astowhywewerenotfriendsanymore.Iwasbeingtreatedthisway/becauseteenagersarenotusedtodealingwithsituationslikethis,/anddon’tknowhowtoreact.1.2.3.ReadingaloudPre-readingActivities-Readingaloud1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationPre-readingActivities-Readingaloud2ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationThistomemeant/deathwassuretocome/andalltooquickly.Everyonesaid/thatImustkeepapositiveattitudeforhissake,/becauseattitudemeanseverything.4.5.KnowledgeofAIDS1.WHATDOES“AIDS”MEAN?AIDSstandsforAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(获得性免疫缺损综合症)Acquiredmeansyoucangetinfectedwithit.ImmuneDeficiencymeansaweaknessinthebodysystemthatfightsdisease.Syndromemeansagroupofhealthproblemsthatmakeupadisease.Rampant（spreaded）AIDS:globalplague（瘟疫）1959:thefirstAIDSpatientinCongo(刚果)1981:AIDSpatientsinAmerica1982:AIDSpatientsfoundin14countries1983:AIDSpatientsfoundin33countries1990:1millionAIDSpatientsintheworld1997:30millioninfectedwithHIV,16,000everyday2002:38.6millionadultswereHIV-infected;3.2millionchildrenwereHIV-infected2003:39millionAIDScarriersintheworldHIV:HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus(人体免疫缺损病毒)AIDS:AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(获得性免疫缺损综合症)Accordingtoanothersurvey,therewere740,000peopleinfectedwithHIVinChinaattheendof2009.Amongthem105,000wereAIDSpatients.WhatisAIDS?It’sacomplicatedillnessItwilldestroypeople’simmunesystemeasytospreadhighrateofdeathnoeffectivemedicinenewdrugscanprolongthelifespansandimprovethequalityoflifeofinfectedpeople.AIDSpatientsHIVcanbetransmittedthroughtheblood,sexualfluids,orbreastmilkofanHIV-infectedperson.PeoplecangetHIVifoneofthesefluidsentersthebodyandintothebloodstream.ThediseasecanbepassedduringunprotectedsexwithaHIV-infectedperson.gays（同性恋者，尤指男性）,prostitutes（妓女）AnHIV-infectedmothercantransmitHIVtoherinfantduringpregnancy,deliveryorwhilebreastfeeding.PeoplecanalsobecomeinfectedwithHIVwhenusinginjectiondrugsthroughsharingneedlesandotherequipment.HowisAIDSspread？WorldAIDSDayWorldAIDSDay:the1stofDecemberThemeforWorldAIDSDay2011-2013GettingtoZero2010KeepthelightonandHumanRights2009UniversalAccessandHumanRights2008StopAIDS,Keepthepromise2004Women，Girls，HⅣandAIDS2003-2002StigmaandDiscrimination　2001Icare.Doyou?2000AIDS：MenmakeadifferenceBanKi-Moon(潘基文)(Speakingatthe“LightforRights”onWorldAIDSDay(1stDecember)heldattheWashingtonSquareParkMemorialArchinNewYork):“Weareheretonighttodenounce（谴责）thediscriminationthey(peoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS)face—thefearandstigma（humiliation）,theshameandrejection,thethreatoflosingtheirjobs...Fortoolongandintoomanyplaces,toomanypeoplehavebeenpushedbeyondthereachofpreventionandtreatment,careandsupport...CulturalinformationCulturalinformation1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationWemustrespondbyshiningthefulllightofhumanrightsonthechallenge...Icallonallcountriestodismantle（demolish）legalframeworksthatinstitutionalize(使成为惯例)discriminationagainstpeoplelivingwithHIVandpeopleareatmostriskofinfection.”CulturalinformationCulturalinformation1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationWhyHIV/AIDSeducation?thefirstofwhichistopreventnewinfectionsfromtakingplace.AsecondreasonthatAIDSeducationisneededistoimprovequalityoflifeforHIVpositivepeopleThethirdreasonpeopleneedAIDSeducationistoreducestigma（耻辱）anddiscriminationWatchavideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatisthelibrariantryingtodo?WhydoesthemansittinginfrontofAndrewleavethedesk?1.2.AudiovisualsupplementPre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplements1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationHeistryingtopersuadeAndrewintousingtheprivateresearchroom.HethinksthatAndrewcarriestheHIVandheisafraidofthedisease.Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplements3ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationLibrarian:Andrew:Librarian:Andrew:Librarian:Andrew:Joe:Andrew:Librarian:Figurant:Sir,thisisthesupplement.You’reright.ThereisasectiononHIV-relateddiscrimination.Thankyou.Thankyouverymuch.Wedohaveaprivateresearchroomavailable.I’mfinerighthere.Thankyou.(sigh)Wouldn’tyoubemorecomfortableintheresearchroom?(cough)No.Woulditmakeyoumorecomfortable?Oh…Er…Beckett,howareyoudoing?Counselor…huh.Whatever,Sir.Excuseme.VideoScript1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationIfyouwereinthesituation,whatwouldyoudoandhowwouldyoufeel?Readthetext----themainidea&thestructureJudge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse1.2345TextComprehension--TrueorFalseTrueTrueFalseTrueFalse1.Whydidn'ttheauthorandDavidhangoutmuchwhentheywereathighschoolaccordingtotheauthor?2.WhydidtheDavidpulltheauthorasideinthemallonedayandbreakdownintears?3.WhatcausedDavid'slethaldisease?4.WhatdidtheauthorrealizewhenheandDavidwereestrangedfromtheirschoolmates?5.Theaothorlostmostofhisfriends,din'the?Why?6.WhenwasDavidputinhospital?7.WhydidtheauthorcryinfrontofDavidforthefirsttime?8.WhydoestheauthornoweducatepeopleaboutAIDS?TextComprehension1.Whydidn'ttheauthorandDavidhangoutmuchwhentheywereathighschoolaccordingtotheauthor?2.WhydidtheDavidpulltheauthorasideinthemallonedayandbreakdownintears?3.WhatcausedDavid'slethaldisease?TextComprehensionTheywereindifferentclasses,andhethoughtthattheywerebothjustgrowingupandthatDavidhadnewfriendsfromhisownclass.BecauseDavidknowhewasdyingofAIDS.Theunprotectedsexcausedit.4.WhatdidtheauthorrealizewhenheandDavidwereestrangedfromtheirschoolmates?5.Theaothorlostmostofhisfriends,din'the?Why?6.WhenwasDavidputinhospital?TextComprehension--Herealizedthattheirfriendshipmeanteverythingtohim.Yes,hedid.Becausemostofhisfriendsdidn'twanttocometooclosetotheminfearofcatchingthedisease.HewasputininhospitalonthesecondofMay1996.7.WhydidtheauthorcryinfrontofDavidforthefirsttime?8.WhydoestheauthornoweducatepeopleaboutAIDS?TextComprehension--Becauseheknewthatitwouldn'tbelongbeforeDavidwasgoneforever.BecausebysodoinghecankeepDavid'smemoryalive.WritingPurposeDecidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'spurposeofwriting.A.ToshowthecrultyofAIDS.B.ToexplainthecausesofAIDSC.TorevealhowAIDSattacksyoungsters.D.ToillustratetherightattitudeoneshouldadopttowardsAIDSpatientsMainIdeaThetextrelatesatruestory—unforgettablepersonalexperiencesofthewriter’s.IttellsushowDavid,thewriter’sbestfriend,sufferedfromAIDS,whatattitudethewritertooktowardsDavid,andhowmuchconcernheshowedtoDavid,i.e.howhehelpedDaviddealwithAIDS.Whatisthethemeofthetext?GlobalReading-Textanalysis1DealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendshipandencouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.Textanalysis2.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.Paragraph(s)Mainidea12-4Thisparagraphgivestheinstructivemessageofthestory,andmakesclearthespecificdatewhenAIDSbecameknowntothewriter.ThispartprovidesanaccountofhowthewritercametoknowthefactthathisfriendwassufferingfromAIDS,howhefelt,whatattitudeheadopted,andhowothersrespondedtoit.Structuralanalysis1TextanalysisParagraph(s)Mainidea5-78Thisparttellsusthatthewritermaintainedanactiveandpositiveattitudetowardshisfriend.ThisparagraphmentionsthespecificdatethatmarkedtheendofDavid’slife,describesthewriter’sfeelingstowardsDavid’sdeath,andtellsushowthewriterkeepshisfriend’smemoryalive.Structuralanalysis2TextanalysisStructuralanalysis1.DealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendship,encouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.BeforethesixteenthofOctober1995,Iwasthemostcarefreepersonintheworld.Ihadnoworriesandwasjustlivinglifeup.Ineverthoughtthatanythingcouldhappentomeormyfriends.Wewereinvincible.Thatis,untilthewordAIDScameintomylife.DealingwithAIDSDetailedreading1Detailedreading2.For10yearsDavidandIwerethebestoffriends.Thenwegottohighschoolandthingsstartedtochange.Wewereindifferentclasses,sowedidn’thangoutasmuch.ItbotheredmebutIthoughtthatwewerebothjustgrowingup,andthereweremorefriendswherehecamefrom.ThenIbegantonoticethathewasn’tinschoolalot,andwassickmorethanusual.SoIcalledhimandhehunguponme.Ididn’tknowwhattodo,soonceagainIblewitoff.ThenonedayIsawDavidinthemallandIconfrontedhimastowhywewerenotfriendsanymore.Hepulledmeasideandbrokedownintearsandsaidthathewasdying.Ididn’tbelievehim.Sure,IhadheardaboutAIDS,butthatitwasahomosexualdiseaseanditdidn’taffectyoungpeople,soIsaidthatitwasasickjokeandleft.Detailedreading2Detailedreading3.WhenIgothomethingsstartedtomakesense.Irantomyroomandcried.Davidwasonly17;hecouldn’tdie.ThenIfeltsobadthatwehadgrownsofarapart.IcalledDavid,askinghimtocomeoversowecouldtalk.WhenhecameoverIsawaseriousnessinhimthatIhadneverseenbefore.Helookedsoold,toooldforhisage.Iaskedhowithadhappened.Davidhadhadunprotectedsexonceandnowhadtopaywithhislife.Iwassoangry.Ihaveneverfeltsopowerlessinmywholelife.Whenthingshadgonewrongbeforethis,Icouldalwaysrelyonmyparentstomakethingsbetter.Therewasnothingthattheycoulddothistime.Ihadtohandleitallonmyown.Detailedreading3Detailedreading4.DavidandIbecameverycloseagain,anditseemedthatIwastheonlyonethereforhim.Davidmadethedecisiontotellpeopleabouthisdisease.Therewasnouseinhidingit;soonerorlaterpeoplewouldfindout.Peoplelookedathimasifhehadaplague,andourfriendsfromschoolwantednothingtodowithhim.Soonafterthattheywantednothingtodowithme.AllofasuddenIfeltthatIhadthedisease.Ididn’tknowwhattodo.MywholelifewaschangingsofastthatIcouldn’tkeepup.Detailedreading4.1DetailedreadingOnceagainIwasgrowingupandrealizedthatourfriendshipmeanteverythingtome.Also,Icouldn’tturnmybackonhimwhenheneededmethemost.SoIstuckitoutandlostmostofmyfriends.Theonesthatstilltalkedwithmedidn’tcometoocloseinfearthattheywouldcatchthedisease.Thethingwas,Ididn’tevenhaveAIDS,sowhydidmyfriendstreatmelikethis?Iwasbeingtreatedthiswaybecauseteenagersarenotusedtodealingwithsituationslikethis,anddon’tknowhowtoreact.SohowcouldIblamethemsinceIwouldhavedonethesamething?Detailedreading4.2Detailedreading5.Astimewenton,Davidbecameveryill.TherewasnothingthatIcoulddobutwatchhimdie.Davidfoundoutthathehadfull-blownAIDS.Thistomemeantdeathwassuretocomeandalltooquickly.Iwasn’treadytolethimdie,notyetanyway.ThereweresomanythingsthatIwantedtodoandsay,butcouldn’tfindthewords.Iwenttodoctorafterdoctorwithhim,andsawhimgothroughsomuch.EveryonesaidthatImustkeepapositiveattitudeforhissake,becauseattitudemeanseverything.So,intimesofstressIwastheonethathadtokeepthingstogether.Ipushedallmyemotionsasideandwasstrongforhim.Detailedreading5Detailedreading6.Mymomhadhadatripplannedforthewholefamilyforsometimenow,andstillwantedtogo.Shethoughtthatthetripwoulddomegood;shesaidthatIwasnottheonethatwasdying.Icouldn’tbelievethatshesaidthattome,buttomakeherhappyIwent.Weweregoneforabouttwoweeks,andwhenIcamebackthefirstthingIdidwasgotoseeDavid.ThatwaswhenIsawAIDSforthefirsttime.Ididn’tevenrecognizehim.Davidhadlostweight,hadpurplelesionsalloverhisbody,andwasverypale.Hecouldn’tevengetupwhenhesawme.Hewasbedridden.Istillhadtobethestrongoneandkeepeverythingin.Ihadbroughthimstufffromtheocean,hisfavoriteplace.Wetalkedaboutmytripandanythingelsewecouldthinkof.Thenhefellasleepbecausehecouldnolongerstayawakeforlongperiodsoftime.Detailedreading6Detailedreading7.OnthesecondofMay1996,Davidwasputinhospital.Thisgavehimthefeelingthattherewasnomorehopeleft,andthathewasgoingtodie.Istillhadtomaintainmypositiveoutlookforhim.Heneededthatinme.Onedayhelookedatmeandsaid,“Faye,Iamdying;let’sacceptthatanddealwithit.IknowwhatIdidwaswrongandnowIhavetodealwithit.AllIwantyoutodoistorememberme,enjoylifeandbecareful.”Forthefirsttimeinfrontofhim,Icried.Iknewthatitwouldn’tbelongbeforehewasgoneforever.Heshouldn’thavetodealwiththisatsuchayoungage.Detailedreading7.1DetailedreadingTowardstheendofMayhebecamesosickthatthehospitalstaffhadabubblearoundhim,sohewouldn’tcatchourbadgerms.Ihatedtoseehimlikethat,andeverydayitbecameworse.Ihadcometorealizethatanydaynowhewoulddie.AtnightIwouldwonderifhewouldmakeitthrough.Schoolwasovernow,soIspenteveryhourIcouldinthehospital.Hewaseverythingtome.IfeltbadforthetimethatwehadlostandhowIwasn’tevengoingtofightforourfriendship.Detailedreading7.2Detailedreading8.ThefifthofJune,1996markedtheendofmybestfriendDavid’slife.Hewentpeacefully.Thatwasacomfortallinitsown.InawayIwasgladthatitwasover,forhewasnolongerinpain.AlltheemotionsthatIhadheldincamerushingoutasIrealizedthatIwouldneverseeDavidagain.HismothersaidthatIhadkepthimaliveandthatshewasgratefulthatIwasherson’slastfriend.Ithasn’tbeenayearyet,butIhavedonesomuchsincethenthatIamnolongerthatcarefreeteenager.InoweducatepeopleaboutAIDS,whichtomeiskeepingDavid’smemoryalive.EventhoughDavidisgone,heisstillwithmeandalwayswillbeinmindandspirit.Detailedreading8DetailedreadingGlobalReading-Textanalysis2TextanalysisStructuralanalysis2.Whatisthestyleofthetext?Giveyourreasons.Thestyleofthenarrativeiscolloquialandsimplebecausemanysimplewords,colloquialexpressionsandconcisesentencesareused,whichareeasyandsmoothtoread.Colloquialwords:about,cried,go,let,so,sure,thingsSimpleorcolloquialphrases:blewitoff,livinglifeup,feelsobad,hadthedisease,stuckitout,makeitthrough,etc.StructuralanalysisStructuralanalysis1TextanalysisStructuralanalysis1.Howisthisnarrativestoryorganized?Thenarrativeisorganizedinthechronologicalorderwiththeactivitiesandeventsrelatedinthetruestory.Paragraph1Questions1)WhatdoesthefirstsentenceofParagraph1tellus?Detailedreading1—Question1ItpointsoutthesignificanceofdealingwithAIDS,whichisthethemeofthetext.DetailedreadingParagraph1Questions2)ThelastsentenceofParagraph1isasentencefragment.Itisactuallypartoftheprecedingsentence.Whydoestheauthorseparatethemfromeachother?Detailedreading1--Quesion2Byseparatingthemfromeachother,thewritersucceedsinaccentuating(stress)thetwopartsofthesentencewithmoreinformation.Itispreciselyforthepurposeofemphasisthatasentenceisdividedintotwoormorethantwopartsbymeansoffullstops.Detailedreadingdealwithdealwith:Whenyoudealwithsomethingorsomeonethatneedsattention,yougiveyourattentiontothem,andoftensolveaproblemormakeadecisionconcerningthem.Indealingwithsuicidalyoungsters,ouraimsshouldbeclear...在对待有自杀倾向的青少年时，我们的目标应当很明确。HepromisedtoappointanAIDSczartodealwiththedisease.他许诺任命一位艾滋病大使来应对这种疾病。DealingwithAIDS:TakingactionsagainstAIDSSynonym:tackle,treatstrengthenvt./vi.tomakesomethingstrongerormoreeffective,ortobecomestrongerormoreeffectiveDetailedreading1--strengthen1e.g.Thewindstrengthenedduringthenight.夜里风刮得更大了。Theyhavebeenstrengtheningtheirborderdefenseinpreparationforwar.他们已加强了边界的防守，作好了战争的准备。HisbattleagainstcancerhasstrengthenedhisbeliefinGod.DetailedreadingDetailedreading1--strengthen2Antonym:weakenvi.DetailedreadingSynonym:consolidateDerivations:strengthn.strongadj.bondn.1)acloseconnectionjoiningtwoormorepeopleDetailedreading1--bonde.g.Commontastesformabondbetweenthetwomen.共同的爱好使两人结为朋友。e.g.Iinvestedsomemoneyinsavingsbonds.Weenteredintoasolemnbond.我们缔结了一份正式合约。2)anofficialpapergivenbythegovernmentoracompanytoshowthatyouhavelentthemmoneythattheywillpaybacktoyouataninterestratethatdoesnotchangeDetailedreadingencourage:helptodevelop;stimulate帮助…发展；刺激；促进Theclaimthatsomecomputergamesencourageviolentbehaviorinyoungchildren.他们声称有些电脑游戏助长儿童的暴力行为。encouragesb.todosth鼓励某人(做某事)beencouragedby...受...鼓励[鼓舞]e.g.Synonym:advance,boost,inspire,promoteAntonym:discouragevi.discouragesbfromdoingshtDerivation:encouragementn.matureadj.1)Maturepeoplebehavelikeadultsinawaythatshowstheyarewelldevelopedemotionally.Detailedreading1--maturee.g.Oh,growup!Behaveinamorematureway.噢，别那么不懂事了（表现得成熟些吧）！He’sverymatureforhisage.e.g.Uponmaturereflection,wefindtheaccusedguilty.Synonym:ripe2)Amaturedecisionisonewhichismadeafteralotofcarefulthought.DetailedreadingDerivation:maturityn.carefreeadj.havingnoproblemsornotbeingworriedaboutanythingDetailedreading1--carefreee.g.Themusicofthissongsenthercarefreeandjoyous.这支歌的乐曲使她心旷神怡。Iremembermycarefreestudentdays.Synonym:unworriedDetailedreadingliveitup:(informal)toenjoyyourselfinanexcitingway,usuallyspendingalotofmoney.尽情欢乐，狂欢，纵情挥霍享乐Iwaslivinglifeup:Iwasenjoyinglifetomyheart’scontent.invincibleadj.impossibletodefeatorpreventfromdoingwhatisintendedDetailedreading1--invinciblee.g.Ourmanagerhasaninvinciblewill.我们的经理有着坚强的意志。Wehaveaninvinciblearmy.我们有一支不可战胜的军队。Synonyms:unbeatable,unconquerableDetailedreadingDerivation:invincibilityn.无敌，绝对不败DealingwithAIDSstrengthensthebondoffriendship,encouragesemotionalandmaturegrowth.Detailedreading1–dealingwithaids…Explanation:AIDSisanacronym(缩写)forAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(获得性免疫缺损综合症).Translation:对付艾滋病能强化人们之间的友谊，培养感情并使人更加成熟。DetailedreadingParagraph2QuestionWhydidDavidhangupontheauthor?Detailedreading2—QuestionSufferingterriblyfromAIDS,Davidrealizedthathewasdying,whichwouldmakehisfriendbitterlysadabouthisillness.AndDaviddidnotwanttoruntheriskofgivingtheinfectiousdiseasetohisbestfriend.Sohecutoffallcommunicationwithevenhisbestfriend.DetailedreadinghangouttospendalotoftimeinaplaceorwithsomeoneDetailedreading2–hangoute.g.Wherehaveyoubeenhangingoutthesedays?你这些日子里都在什么地方？Ioftenusedtohangoutinsupermarkets.WecanjusthangoutandhaveagoodtimeDetailedreadingWewereindifferentclasses,sowedidn’thangoutasmuch.=>…sowedidn’tspendalotoftimetogetheraswehaddonebeforewegotintohighschool.Detailedreading2–confront1Detailedreadingbother:annoy,worryorupsetsb;tocausesbtroubleorpain使…烦恼，担忧或不安，给…造成麻烦或痛苦Thethingthatbothersmeis…让我感到不安的是…Issomethingbotheringyou?...你有什么烦心事吗？Itbotheredmethatboysweren'tinterestedinmee.g.hungup(onsb)hungup(onsb):endatelephoneconversationbyputtingthereceiverback.LastnightIcalledhim,buthehunguponmeassoonasheheardmyvoice.behungupon/about:tobeanxiousorhaveafixedideaaboutShe’sreallyhunguponthatguy.confrontvt.toface,meetordealwithadifficultsituationorpersonDetailedreading2–confront1e.g.Asoldieroftenhastoconfrontdangers.士兵常常要身临险境。Theyconfrontedtheprisonerwithhisaccusers.他们让犯人与原告对质。Comparison:meet:toexperiencesomethinge.g.I’venevermetthatkindofproblem/systembefore.Hemethisdeath(=hedied)intheicywatersoftheSouthAtlantic.DetailedreadingSynonyms:face,encounter,meetmeet,encounter,face,confrontDetailedreading2–confront2encounter:(formal)tomeetsomeoneunexpectedly;tomeetadifficultyorsetbacke.g.Ontheirwayhometheyencounteredawomansellingflowers.Onerainynightthepolicemanhadachanceencounterwithagangofsmugglers.在一个雨夜，那个警察正巧碰上了一伙走私犯。Detailedreadingconfront:vt.toface,meetordealwithadifficultsituationorpersonbravelye.g.Wemustconfrontfuturewithoptimism.Detailedreading2–confront3Derivations:confrontationn.afightorargument对抗、对峙confrontationaladj.Detailedreadingface:Ifyoufaceaproblem,oraproblemfacesyou,youhavetodealwithit.e.g.Thisisoneofthemanyproblemsfacedbyworkingmothers.You’refacedwithaverydifficultchoicethere.e.g.Thenewsystemwillbeconfrontedwithgreatdifficultiesatthestart.这种新的一开始将会面临很大困难。Collocation:beconfrontedwith:faceadifficultyorsomethingbadasto:Wearepuzzledastohowithappened.Heisveryuncertainastowhetheritistherightjobforhim.Heisveryuncertainastowhetheritistherightjobforhim.e.g.asto:withregardto;onthesubjectof;concerning关于，至于confrontedhimastowhywewerenotfriendsanymore=>Ifacedhimbravely(camefacetofacewithhim),challenging/asking(withforce)himwhywewerenotfriendsanymore.Givemeanexplanation.Ourair-conditionerbrokedownonthehottestdayofthisyear.我们的空调在今年最热的那天坏了。breakdown1)tobeunabletocontrolyourfeelingsandtostarttocryDetailedreading2–breakdowne.g.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来。e.g.Thetelephonesystemhasbrokendown.电话系统失灵了。2)Ifamachineorvehiclebreaksdown,itstopsworking.出故障，坏掉Detailedreadingaffectvt.tohaveaninfluenceonsomeoneorsomething,ortocausethemtochangeDetailedreading2--affect1e.g.Bothbuildingswerebadlyaffectedbythefire.Thedivorceaffectedeveryaspectofherlife.It’sadiseasewhichaffectsmainlyolderpeople.DetailedreadingSynonym:influenceDerivations:affectionn.爱，感情affectiveadj.情感的Detailedreading2–affect2influence:Itusuallyreferstotheimperceptibleeffectonone’spersonality,thoughtorbehavior,sometimesitalsoreferstotheeffectproducedbythenaturalpower.e.g.Don’tletmeinfluenceyourdecision.不要让我影响你的决定。e.g.Theclimateaffectedhishealth.气候影响了他的健康。Hewasmuchaffectedbythesadnews.这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。Comparison:affect:Itusuallyreferstosomethingproducesnegativeeffectonsomebody.affect,influenceDetailedreading2–affect3Detailedreadingasickjoke：（informal）\adisgustingjoke;ajokewhichisunhealthy令人毛骨悚然的笑话hav