Unit6_The_making_of_a_surgeonppt课件

*surgeon与doctor Surgeon(外科医生)meansadoctorwhoperformsoperations; Doctor(医生)meansapersonwhoknowshowtotreatdiseases. Therefore,physicians(内科医生),dentists(牙医)andsurgeons(?)arealldoctors.*Thetitleofthetext:TheMakingofaSurgeon Thetitlemeans“Thecauseofasurgeon’ssuccess.” Translatedas“外科医生的成功之道” “making”meansofgainingsuccess“成功之道”;e.g. ①Theperseverancewasthemakingofthewriter. (坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素。)*而inthemaking=intheprocessofbeingmade;readytobeproduced“在制造中，在酝酿中”； e.g. ②Ourplansarestillinthemaking. (我们的还在酝酿之中。) 另外，makings=thequalitiesneeded(具有)成为…所需的素质；e.g. Hehasthemakingsofagooddoctor. (他具有成为好医生的素质。)*residentv.s.residency Resident:（实习结束后进入高级训练阶段的）住院医生；doctorwholivesinthehospitalandcontinuepracticingaftercompletinghisinternship（n.〔美〕实习医生或实习教师、实习生的职位或职务；实习生）. Residency:(高级专科)住院实习期；thelaststageofadoctor’strainingatahospital.*I.Warming-upexercisesII.AbriefIntroductiontothetextIII.DetailedexplanationofthetextIV.SummaryofthetextV.LanguagepointsVI.HomeworkTeachingProcedures**Inyouropinion,howcanapersonbesuccessful?(hard-working,lucky,chance,opportunity,healthy,intelligence,self-confidence…)*Asfarasadoctorisconcerned,whatshouldbethemostimportantfactor(因素)forhimtobesuccessful?(self-confidence)*“Self-confidenceisthefirstrequisite(必要条件)togreatundertakings(事业).”——SamuelJohnson*surgeonn.doctorwhoperformsoperations外科医生self-confidencen.自信心*makingn.meansofgainingsuccess成功之道residentn.住院医生*concludevt.arriveatabelieforopinionbyreasoning得出结论surgicala.of,by,orforsurgery外科的；手术的*competentlyad.withthenecessaryskill称职地；胜任地nearvt.approach;comeclosertocompetenta.*emergencyn.suddenanddangeroushappeningneedingimmediateaction紧急情况；急症encountervt.befacedwith(difficulties,danger,etc.);meetunexpectedly遭到；意外地遇见*dreadvt.feargreatly畏惧criticala.importantatatimeofdangeranddifficulty紧要的；关键性的*particulara.belongingtosomeoneperson,thing,oroccasion特定的casen.instanceofdiseaseorinjury病例*infrequentlyad.seldom;notoftenrelaxvi.becomelesstense放松relaxationn.*residencyn.thelaststageofadoctor’strainingatahospital高级专科住院实习(期)constanta.happeningallthetime;unchanging不断的；始终如一的*resolvevt.solve解决considereda.carefullythoughtout经过深思熟虑的resolutionn.*dwell(dwelt;dwelled)vi.live(inaplace)居住bounda.verylikely;certain一定的；必然的*sounda.correct;basedongoodjudgment正确的；合理的confidenta.sureofoneselfandone’sabilities自信的confidencen.*handlevt.manage,dealwith处理butterflyn.蝴蝶*abdomenn.belly腹(部)anticipatevt.seebeforehand预期anticipationn.*sweatn.&vi.汗；流汗stab/stAb/n.thrustmadewithapointedweapon刺，戳*bellyn.肚，腹部puncturevt.makeasmallholein(sth.)withsth.pointed刺穿*compounda.havingmorethanonepart复合的fracturen.breakinabone骨折*compoundfracturen.复合性骨折inevitablyad.unavoidably不可避免地inevitablea.*errvi.makemistakes;dowrongoperatevi.performasurgicaloperation动手术*surgeryn.外科；外科手术solea.unshared;oneandonly唯一的*responsibilityn.，责任心avoidvt.escape;keeporgetawayfrom避免*conceiteda.havetoohighanopinionofoneself自负的conceitn.toohighanopinionofoneself*tryinga.hardtoendureorbear;verydifficult难受的；恼人的bothervt.annoy,trouble烦扰，麻烦*uncertaintyn.uncertaincondition;doubt*conf__d__ntc__ncl__dec__mp__tentcr__t__calres__l__tionc__ns__deredant__c__pates__rg__ryc__nce__trespons__b__l__tyin__v__tablyinfr__qu__ntlyeiouoeiiouoiiiueoiiiieiee**ThisarticleiswrittenbyDr.WilliamNolen,awell-knownAmericansurgeonandauthor.Do.Nolenrevealstousinhisarticlethathe,asadoctor,hadgonealongwaybeforehebecameasurgeon.Then,whatquality,accordingtoDr.Nolen,isessentialinthemakingofasurgeonandatwhatpointoftimedoesadoctorfinallybecomeasurgeon?**Afamoussurgeontellsabouttheimportanceofself-confidencefromhisownexperience.*THEMAKINGOFASURGEONDr.NolenHowdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya“surgeon”?AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion.*THEMAKINGOFASURGEONDr.NolenHowdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya“surgeon”?AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion.doctorphysician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生specialist 专科医生dentist 牙科医生obstetrician 产科医生pediatrician 儿科医生surgeon外科医生*THEMAKINGOFASURGEONDr.NolenHowdoesadoctorrecognizethepointintimewhenheisfinallya“surgeon”?AsmyyearaschiefresidentdrewtoacloseIaskedmyselfthisquestiononmorethanoneoccasion.resident住院医生intern(实习医生)residentsurgeonInternship+residency=3~5years*Backgroundinformation CareerinmedicineintheU.S.(行医在美国)在美国作医生得先修完四年本科课程，至少先读四年大学，获得学士学位，然后在医学院再学习四年。毕业后一般先在医院作实习医生，接受训练和指导。要和医生一起巡视病房，帮助处理急诊。之后做“住院医生”。住院医生所担负的责任比实习医生要大，除了应继续向同行学习、专研业务外，还要经常在手术台旁作有经验的医生的助手，同时也接替在职医生处理急诊。住院医生在住院期间如现突出，可提升为住院长，负起更多的责任。当实习医生及住院医生的年限，根据所学的专业的不同，或三年或五年不等。*ThreetypesofdoctorsintheU.S.美国医生的三种类型一、全科医生(generalpractitioner)治疗所有常见疾病。在有些需要专门技术的病例中，患者要被介绍去看专家(也即，第二种医生)。二、专科医生(specialist),专科医生可分为牙科医生(dentist),儿科医生(pediatrican)，外科医生(surgeon)，内科医生(physician)，产科医生(obstertrician)等。三、医学研究者，他们同样受过医学训练，但不行医，只在医学院或大学的医学中心从事医学研究与教学工作。*Theanswer,Iconcluded,wasself-confidence.Whenyoucansaytoyourself,“ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently,treatjustaswellasorbetterthananyothersurgeon”—then,andnotuntilthen,youareindeedasurgeon.Iwasnearingthatpoint.我能胜任对任何外科病人的治疗，我的治疗和其他外科医生一样高明，甚至比其他医生更高明。*Whatisthemostimportantforadoctortobecomeasurgeonfinally?(AccordingtoDo.Nolen,self-confidenceisessential(重要的)inthemakingofasurgeon,andonlywhenadoctorhasbuiltupperfectconfidenceinhimselforherself,willheorshereallybeasurgeon.)*Howcanyouunderstand“Iwasnearingthatpoint”?(IwasnearingtimewhenIwasindeedasurgeon.)*Take,forexample,theemergencysituationsthatweencounteredalmosteverynight.ThefirstfewmonthsoftheyearIhaddreadedtheringingofthetelephone.Iknewitmeantanothercriticaldecisiontobemade.Often,afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation,I’dhavetroublegettingbacktosleep.I’dreviewallthefactsofthecaseand,notinfrequently,wonderifIhadn’tmadeapoordecision.Morethanonceattwoorthreeinthemorning,afterlyingawakeforanhour,I’dgetoutofbed,dressanddrivetothehospitaltoseethepatientmyself.ItwastheonlywayIcouldfindthepeaceofmindIneededtorelax.emergencysituations 紧急情况criticaldecision 关键性的决定particularsituation 特殊情况我会重温那位急诊病人的整个病情,常常会怀疑自己是否作出了不妥的决定。这是我能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静的唯一方法。*Accordingtopara.3,howdidtheauthortrytofindthepeaceofmindheneededtorelax?(Togetoutofbed,todressandtodrivetothehospitaltoseethepatienthimself.)*Now,inthelastmonthofmyresidency,sleepingwasnolongeraproblem.TherewerestillsituationsinwhichIcouldn’tbecertainmydecisionhadbeentherightone,butIhadlearnedtoacceptthisasaconstantproblemforasurgeon,onethatcouldneverbecompletelyresolved—andIcouldlivewithit.So,onceIhadmadeaconsidereddecision,Inolongerdweltonit.Reviewingitwasn’tgoingtohelpandIknewthatwithmyknowledgeandexperience,anydecisionI’dmadewasboundtobeasoundone.Itwasanicefeeling.Here“it”referstothepreceding(前面的)sentence“TherewerestillsituationsinwhichIcouldn‘tbecertainmydecisionhadbeentherightone…aconstantproblem…thatcouldneverbecompletelyresolved…”considereddecision 深思熟虑的决定*Whatcanwelearnfrompara.4?(self-confidencehelpshimwhenheismakingadecision.)*IntheoperatingroomIwasequallyconfident.IknewIhadtheknowledge,theskill,theexperiencetohandleanysurgicalsituationI’deverencounterinpractice.TherewerenomorebutterfliesinmystomachwhenIopenedupanabdomenorachest.Iknewthatevenifthecasewasoneinwhichitwasimpossibletoanticipatetheprobleminadvance,IcouldhandlewhateverIfound.I’dsweatedthroughmyshareofstabwoundsofthebelly,ofpuncturedlungs,ofcompoundfractures.Ihadsweatedoverthemforfiveyears.Ididn’tneedtosweatanymore.butterfliesinone’sstomachafeelingoffearoranxiety紧张不安，忐忑不安I’dbeennervousandfilledwithanxietywhilepainstakinglytreatingtheseriousinjuriesthatcometoeveryyoungdoctor－suchseriousinjuriesasstabwoundsintheabdomen,puncturedlungsandcompoundfractures.我战战兢兢地治疗过交在我手下的腹部刺伤、肺部穿孔以及复合性骨折等病例。*Canyoufindthetopicsentenceinpara.5?(Thefirstsentence:Intheoperatingroom,Iwasequallyconfident.)*NorwasIafraidofmakingmistakes.IknewthatwhenIwasoutinpracticeIwouldinevitablyerratonetimeoranotherandoperateonsomeonewhodidn’tneedsurgeryorsitonsomeonewhodid.Fiveyearsearlier—evenoneyearearlier—Iwouldn’thavebeenabletolivewithmyselfifIhadhadtotakesoleresponsibilityforamistakeinjudgment.NowIcould.Istilldreadederrors—woulddomybesttoavoidthem—butIknewtheywerepartofasurgeon’slife.IcouldacceptthisfactwithcalmnessbecauseIknewthatifIwasn’tabletoavoidamistake,chanceswerethatnoothersurgeoncouldhave,either.whenIcompletedmyresidencyperiodandbegantoworkonmyownasasurgeon当我出去开业行医时…itwasmostlikelythatnoothersurgeoncouldhaveavoidedthemistake.那么换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免。*Accordingtopara.6,what’stheauthor’sattitudetowardserrors?(Hetriedhisbesttoavoiderrors,buthewasnotafraidofthem,becauseheknewhewasn’tabletoavoidamistake,neithercouldothersurgeons.)*Frompara.4–6,wecanconcludethatself-confidencehelpstheauthor________.a.whenismakingadecisionb.whenheisperforminganoperationc.whenhehasmademistakesd.alloftheabove*ThisallsoundsconceitedandIguessitis—butasurgeonneedsconceit.Heneedsittoencouragehimintryingmomentswhenhe’sbotheredbythedoubtsanduncertaintiesthatarepartofthepracticeofmedicine.Hehastofeelthathe’sasgoodasandprobablybetterthananyothersurgeonintheworld.Callitconceit—callitself-confidence;whateveritwas,Ihadit.*Howdoyouunderstand“asurgionneedsconceit”?Doyouagreewiththeauthor?Whyorwhynot?(Asurgeonneedsself-confidence.)*Whatisthemainideaofthetext?a.Youngsurgeonslosealotofsleep.b.Self-confidenceisthekeytothemakingofasurgeon.c.Agoodsurgeonisonewhomakesnomistakes.d.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.**PartI(para.1-2):Theauthorputsforwardhisidea–––self-confidenceisvitaltothemakingofasurgeon.*PartIII(para.7): Theauthorcomestoaconclusionthathehasself-confidence.PartII(para.3-6): Theauthortriestosupporthisidea––reasonsandexamples.*WritingskillArgumentationPartI:thesis(论点)PartII:supporters(论据)PartIII:conclusion(结论)reasonsexamplestopicsentence(主句)illustrating(举例)reasoning(说理)**1.Grammaticalstructures(L12)Often,afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation,I’dhavetroublegettingbacktosleep.*(L12)Often,afterIhadtoldWaltorLarrywhattodoinaparticularsituation,I’dhavetroublegettingbacktosleep.eg.–––Suchapleasantgirlasshehasnotroublemakingfriendswithpeople.–––Theboyhadalotoftroublegettingupearlyinwinter.–––HehasproblemspellingEnglishwords.*(L21)So,onceIhadmadeaconsidereddecision…eg.–––Onceagoodbeginningismade,youwillhavenofurtherdifficultyoperatingthemachine.–––OnceshebegantowriteinEnglish,shefelthowweakshewasinthelanguage.*(L5)ThereisnosurgicalpatientIcannottreatcompetently.–––Icantreatanysurgicalpatientcompetently.eg. Hisdogwilleatalmostanything. Hisdogwillnoteatalmostnothing. JohniscalledMr.Fixitbecausehecanfixalmostanything. JohniscalledMr.Fixitbecausehecannotfixalmostnothing.*cometoanend结束eg.——Thissemesterisdrawingtoaclose.——Theyearsoondrewtoitsclose.drawtoaclose*treat:治疗 cure:治愈eg.——Whichdoctorsare_______herforherillness?——Thebonefracture(断裂)inthetruckdriver’sleftlegwasbeingcarefully________.——Thismedicineshould______youofyourcold.treatingtreatedcure*encounter meeteg.——Hepromisedto_____herattheairport.——OnthetrainI__________(偶然遇见)anoldfriendofminewhoIhadnotseenforyears.meetencounteredEncounterisasynonym(同义词)formeet.Itisamoreformalwordandstronglyimpliesanunexpectedmeeting.*particular,special特别，特殊particular:指在一定范围某一特定的事物或人special:泛指特殊的，特别的*particular,special特别，特殊eg.——Asfarasfruitsareconcerned,Ihaveno____________taste.——Asaman,hehasnothing_______.particularspecial——Thebusdriverisusuallypolite,butinthis__________casehelosthistemper.——__________attentionwasgiventotheorphangirl.particularSpecial*livewithaccept(sth.unpleasant)忍受，接受eg.——Mostofusdon’tlikethenewregulations,butwehavetolearntolivewiththem.——Youmustlivewiththefastthatyouarenolongerashealthyasyouwere.比较：putupwith忍受cometotermswith接受，妥协*dwellonthinkabout,speakorwritealotabout多想eg.——Letbygonesbebygones.Don’tdwellsomuchonthepast.——Thespeakerdweltonthatpointformorethananhour.*beboundtobecertainto;besureto确实能，有把握eg.——Youareboundtosucceedifyoukeepontrying.——It’sboundtorain.Look!Thecloudsaregatheringquickly.*inpractice在实际工作中intheory 在理论上inprinciple 在原则上inreality 在现实中*operateoncutthebodyinordertosetrightorremoveadiseasedparteg.——Haveyoueverbeenoperatedon?——I’llhavetohavemystomachoperatedon.*sitonneglect;donothingbout忽视eg.——Isentinmyapplicationingoodtime,butthesecretarysatonitforamonth.——Weshouldnotsitonthosewhoneedhelp.* 自信心 即将结束 不止一次… 做决定 在某一特定情况下 不妥当的决定 寻找内心的平静 self-confidence drawtoaclose onmorethanoneoccasion makeadecision inaparticularsituation apoordecision findthepeaceofmind* 深思熟虑的决定 手术室 经常遇到的问题 开业 提前 容忍 说不定何时 承担全部责任 aconsidereddecision theoperatingroom aconstantproblem beinpractice inadvance livewith atonetimeoranother takesoleresponsibilityfor* 判断上的失误 考验人的时刻 为某人做手术 生活中的一部分 amistakeinjudgment tryingmoments operateonsomeone bepartofone’slife* Plasticsurgery TheMakingofaHero 城镇居民 紧急呼叫 松懈(努力) 念叨过去 整形外科/整形手术 钢铁是怎样炼成的CityresidentsEmergencycallRelaxone’seffortsDwellonthepast* 预支收入 简单/不费力 背后捅刀 Abellylaugh 肺穿孔 人非圣贤 独家代理 Anticipateone’sincome Nosweat. Stabsb.intheback 捧腹大笑 Apuncturedlung Toerrishuman. Soleagent*KEYFOREXERCISEIIbdcdcaba*III1)livewith2)resolve3)encounter4)sole5)drawingtoaclose6)anticipated7)dwelton8)saton9)hadbutterfliesinhisstomach10)conceited*III1)openup2)relaxed3)emergency4)concluded5)livewith6)atonetimeoranother7)particular8)surgery9)wassweating10)competently11)inadvance12)inpractice*III1)IwasconfidentthatIwouldwintherace./Iwasconfidentofwinningtherace.2)Withdeterminationandhardwork,youareboundtosucceedeventually.3)Theburglarwalkedveryfastinordertoavoidbeingseenbythepolicemanbehind.4)Drivingacarafterdrinkingalcoholwillinevitablyleadtoanaccidentorarrestbythepolice.5)Youmusttake(full)responsibilityforlosingthemoney.6)Greatsuccessatsuchanearlyagemadetheyoungbusinessmanquiteaconceitedfellow.*1)absence2)efficiency3)independence4)silence5)confidence6)patience7)distance8)competence/competency9)Frequence/frequency10)presence11)importance12)permanence/permanency13)constancy14)emergence/emergency15)evidenceIV*1)efficiency2)emergency3)absence4)confidence5)frequency6)distance7)presence8)independence1)haveenriched2)hadenjoyed3)ensured4)endeared5)enabled6)endanger7)enlarge8)havebeenembodied9)empower10)entitleIV*1)I'llgetyouone2)I'mthinkingofgettinganewone3)mustbuysomebiggerones4)Theoneatthefront5)haveeatenallthesoftones6)decidedtocatchalaterone7)Iwanttoborrowone8)theonesyouhadonyesterdayV*1)Onceagoodbeginningismade2)Onceyouunderstandtheserules3)Oncehemakesapromise4)Oncetheyareputdowninblackandwhite/Onceputdowninblackandwhite5)onceyougetintothehabitofsmoking6)OnceshebegantowriteinEnglishVI*1)Ihadalotoftroublegettingthecarstartedthismorning.2)Youwon'thavemuchdifficultygettingtoknowpeopleinItaly.3)Theconceitedyoungmansaidhehadnodifficultywhatsoeverreadingtechnicaldrawings.4)Totheteacher'ssurprise,mostofthestudentsinhisclasshadlittledifficultyworkingoutthehardmathsproblems.5)DidyouhaveanytroublefindingthebutterflyspecimenProf.Nolenwanted?6)Theshepherdshadagreatdealoftroubledrivingthesheeptoaplaceofsafetyinthesnowstorm.VI*1)Einsteinissofamousthatthereisnoonewhodoesn'tknowhim.2)Thereisalmostnothingthathisdogwon'teat.3)Thereisnoonewhodoesn'tmakeanymistakesinhislifetime.4)Thereisnogoalthatyoucannotobtainsolongasyouhaveanhonestattitudeandastrongwill.5)Thereisnobodyherewhowon'tlendyouahelpinghandwhenyoufindyourselfindifficulty.6)JohniscalledMr.FixItbecausethereisalmostnothingthathecannotfix.VI*1)surgical2)confident3)dwellon4)emergency5)sweat6)competent7)atonetimeoranother8)relaxVII*A1)from2)examined3)nothing4)trouble5)Much6)same7)ago8)advice9)you10)pay11)worry12)followed13)again14)quite15)that16)tailorB1)how2)answer3)cut4)surgeon5)had6)over7)only8)found9)by10)got11)then12)saying13)aroundIV*1)Bymoststandards2)distance3)diseases4)considered5)adifferentwayofpracticingmedicine6)showconcernfor7)standapartfrom8)grows9)bymyfirstname10)satisfyingVIII*IX翻译1)只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。If/Aslongasyoukeep(on)trying,youwillbeabletoresolvethisdifficultproblemsoonerorlater.2)我们预料我们的计划会受到抵制(resistance)。Weanticipateencountering/thatwewillencounterresistancetoourplan/ourplanwillmeetwithresistance.*3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。Jim'sfriendssaidthatthenoisepollutionintheircitywasterrible,buttheyhadtolivewithit.4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。AtfirstTomthoughtthatwithhisknowledge,skillandexperiencehewasboundtofindasatisfactoryjob.5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。Itwouldbewise/advisabletohandlethisdelicateproblemwithcalmnessandpatience.*6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。Dickthoughtthatifhewasn'tabletotakethemachineapart,chanceswerethatnootherworkerintheplantcould,either.7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？Doyouthinkbusdriversshouldtakefullresponsibilityforthepassengers'safety?8)你不必再去多想那些判断上的失误了。重要的是尽量避免再犯。Youneedn'tdwellonyourmistakesinjudgmentanymore.What'simportantistotryyourbesttoavoidrepeatingthem.*1.Thesecretofsuccessisconstancytopurpose.成功的秘诀是目标坚定。4.Behindeverysuccessfulmantherearealotofunsuccessfulyears.每个成功者的身后，都有许多不成功的岁月。2.Successisneverfinalandfailureneverfatal.没有最终的成功，也没有致命的失败。3.Self-distrustisthecauseofmostofourfailures.绝大多数的失败均因缺乏自信。**名人名言名言警句励志名言ExerciseAdccbdac*我倒认为，凡是当医生的全都倒了霉；凡是学医的都该去查一下脑子是否正常。正如我的一个朋友所说--即便是医生也还有几个朋友--当医生就是能长阅历。我在这讨厌的凌晨时刻，摸黑急速驶过利埃大桥，泥浆在车窗上沙沙溅响，发热器先是吹热风，然后又吹冷风；那张对畸形骆驼才适合的车座，梗得我的脊背又酸又痛；路边空荡荡的加油站四周雾气缭绕--这时候，我并不觉得自己像个救护天使。偶尔有人真的病了，偶尔你确实能帮上忙，偶尔凌晨两点光景，有人会拿给你一杯水和一块硬梆梆的糕饼--这么一来，你就会担心自己是否样样事情都做周全了。ExerciseB**名人名言名言警句励志名言