Unit3 Message of the Land现代大学英语精读ppt课件

BackgroundGenreAuthorBWTRUnit3MessageoftheLand8此页是一级标题页（2）。正文区内是二级标题及其链接。右下角是与主目录页及其他一级标题页的链接按钮。W=WarmupB=BackgroundT=TextanalysisR=Reinforcement放大的圆圈示目前正在操作的部分。8Zeugma:asinglewordismadetomodifyorgoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence1.Thesenatorpickeduphishataswellashiscourage.2.COATTAILS:Clothesthatfitthemanandthetimes.(Advert.InNewYorkTimesMagazine,1980)3.MissBolorosefromthetableconsiderablyagitated,andwentstraighthome,inafloodoftearsandasedanchair.4.Tenminuteslater,thecoffeeandCommanderDanaofNavalIntelligencearrivedsimultaneously.MoreexamplesFigureofspeech652.Bycomparison/contrastandexemplification,thewifepresentsherideaofthischangingworld.Shedislikesthechangesaroundher.Shewon’tacceptthechangesandevenrefusestochangewiththelife.4.WiththefirstsentenceinPara.5servingasatransitionalsentence,thewifeshiftshertalktothethingsthatshouldnotchange,whichincludepeople’sworship,andyoungpeople’srespecttotheirparentsandtheaged.Back70TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:LanguageWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarreplacelitterfashionablestrikeshamecondemnScarcitycomplainbarter…forspringuptendtogivesbabeatingoccurtoasforbagofbonesunrealcondition(Ex.1,p.63)71materialinthetoplayerofthesurfaceoftheearthinwhichplantscangrow 土地territoryoverwhichruleorcontrolisexercised国土thesolidpartoftheearth'ssurface陆地earth是相对于天空或太空而言的“地面”;land是指地球表面相对于海洋而言时的“地面”ground指人们在上面行走的地面或具有一定面积限度的空地。soil主要表示栽培植物的“土壤”,也可引申为“国土,国度”。Questions5Check-onPreviewMarkeachofthestatements“T”fortrueor“F”forfalse.Thefarmerinheritedthelandfromhisfatherandwantedtopassitdowntohischildren.Thewomanlovedherchildrendearlyandwasveryconcernedabouttheirlifeawayfromhome,whileherhusbanddidnotcareabit.Thevillagersusedtogrowtheirownfood,maketheirowncrafts,anddigtheirownwell,butnowtheyhavetohirepeopletodoeverything.Thewomandislikedmostofthechangeshappeninginhervillageandwantedeverythingasithadbeen.Wecaninferthattheauthorcriticizestheoldcoupleforbeingold-fashioned,stubborn,andunabletoadjustthemselvestothechanges.WBTRWarmingup6F,F,F,T,FBackgroundHisInfluenceBWTROneofThailand’sbestknownnovelistsNomineeofthe1990NobelPrizeofLiterature“DavidofThailand”Sudham’sworksareconcernedwithsocial-economic-politicalchangesoccurringinThailand.Widelyreadandhighlyacclaimed,hisbookshavegivenavoicetothepoorandthevoiceless.Thesimplicityandsensitivityofthepoorandthelowcomethroughhisdirectandclearprose,yetmovingandtouching.13WarmingupQuestionsWBTRWhatdoes“land”meantoyou?Whatarethedifferencesamong“land”,“soil”and“earth”?4此页是讲授内容页。页头左侧的白字是一级标题，中间黑字是二级标题。4ObjectivesWBTRMasterthelanguageitemslisted.Knowsomethingabouttheauthorandhisworks.Appreciatethewritingstyleandmetaphorsused.Thinkaboutsuchtopicsasurbanizationandglobalizationandformyourownopinions.Warmingup7BackgroundHisWorksBWTRSiameseDrama(laterrenamedTalesofThailand)(1983)PeopleofEsarn(1987)MonsoonCountry(1988)TheForceofKarma(2002)10RWBTUnit3ReinforcementRetellingDiscussionMessageoftheLand137此页是一级标题页（4）。正文区内是二级标题及其链接。右下角是与主目录页及其他一级标题页的链接按钮。W=WarmupB=BackgroundT=TextanalysisR=Reinforcement放大的圆圈表示目前正在操作的部分。137MonsoonCountryItdepictstheproblemsofsocialtransitioninpresentdayThailandandgivesinsightsintoThailifeintheruralnortheast.ItissetinThailand,EnglandandGermanytoconveytheculturaltensionbetweentheEastandtheWest,theclashesbetweenthenewpowersandtheoldvalues,coveringthespanof25yearsofthesocial-economicandpoliticalchangesoccurringinThailand.HisWorks12"IfIhadnotleftmyvillagethen,Iwouldhavebeensubject,likemostvillagers,tothemercyofnature:floods,drought,disease,ignoranceandscarcity.Withendurance,Iwouldhaveacceptedthemasmyownfate,assomethingIcannotgoagainstinthislife.”"InmymindIcarrymemoriesofchildhood,oflifeinvillages,muchasapregnantwomancarryingachild.Everydaytheseimagesgrow,andIknowthatonedayIshallhavetogivebirthtothemthroughthemediumofwriting.Besides,Idon'twantpeopleinourvillages,sofarremovedfromotherpeoplesbecauseofdistanceandpoverty,tobeborn,sufferandtodieinvain."PiraSudham'sOwnWords:14BangkokBangkok,isthecapitalandlargestcityofThailand.Bangkokisoneofthefastest-growing,mosteconomicallydynamicandsociallyprogressivecitiesinSoutheastAsia.Butitsuffersfromsocialproblemsasaresultofitsrapidgrowth.Itisalsooneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations.15BangkokBangkokistheeconomiccenterofThailand.Tourismisamajorsourceofrevenue.ThecitycontainsmanyBuddhisttemples(knowninThaiasWats),Thecityisafamousjewelrycenter,buyingandsellingsilverandbronzeware1617ThaiBuddhismBuddhismisThailand'smainreligion.94%ofThaipeopleareBuddhist.BuddhismislinkedwiththehistoricalIndianprince,SiddhartaGautama（释迦牟尼）,whobecametheBuddhaandreachedtheenlightenment.Nowhisteachingsarestillfollowed.Histeachingssaythatpeoplesufferbecausetheyareattachedtomaterialthings,towomenormenbyheartlinks.Theselinkscausesuffer,jealousyandpain.Peopleareneversatisfied,i.e.theywantmoremoney,morepower.TheaimofBuddhismistogetridofthesepainsandoftheselinks.18ThaiBuddhismIfyouhavedonegooddeedsinyourlife,nextlifewillbebetter.Ifyouhavedonebaddeeds,nextlifewillbeharsh.19MonksinThailandMonks’lifeisbasedon227monastic[mə'næstɪk]僧侣的rulesand5majorprecepts,i.e.nosex,nolies,norobbery,noalcohol,nokilling.Aboyisnotamanifhehasn‘tbeenamonkonceinhislife.EventheKingofThailandRama9（罗摩）hadbeenamonkforonemonth.Inolddaysthisperiodwasthreemonths.Nowitcanbeonlyafewweeksorafewdays.20MonksinThailandSomefamiliesstillrefusetomarrytheirdaughterifthefuturehusbandhasn'teverbeenamonk.Itmeansthatheisn'tripeenough.Aboythatbecomesamonkforafewmonthsismakingareallygoodactiontowardshisparents.Inabus,seatsinthebackarereservedtomonks.Ifawomanissittingthere,sheshouldleavebecauseawomancannottouchamonk.21 Changesinfamily Changesinthevillage Thewife’scomplaints Thefarmer’scomplaints Noneofthechildrenwillcomebacktoinherittheland. Greed,anger,andlustaretherootofallevils.Noyoungmanwillcarewhatmessagethelandgives.thelossoftraditionalvaluesandthewayoflifeAllfourchildrenwentaway.Childrenwearjeansinstead.nobarter,butcashnopay-freehelpplasticthingsinsteadonlytheoldonthelandnopracticeoftheoldcustomsnorespectfortheoldTextAnalysisTheme2626TextAnalysisLanguageStyleSimile:…itislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.Metaphor:…thisbagofbonesdressedinragscanstillplantandreapricefrommorningtilldusk.Personification:Ourpieceoflandissmall,anditisnolongerfertile,bleedingyearafteryearand,likeus,gettingoldandexhausted.Zeugma:Thesoilisnotdifficulttotillwhenthereisalotofrain,butinabadyear,it’snotonlytheploughsthatbreakbutourhearts,too.30TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartI:thewife’sspeech-herfamilyandtheirlands(1-3)32TextAnalysisThewifehasalreadyregardedthelandaspartofherlife.Thisisthelandwhereherparentsandforefatherslivedanditisboundwithfamilyhistoryandtradition.Itrepresentstherootofherfamily.5.Thewifemakesabriefintroductionofherfamilyandtellsushowallherfourchildrenleftforcities.Shefeelssorryaboutthisandshealsofeelssorryabouttheland.Thelandisnolongerfertile,likeherandherhusband,gettingoldandexhausted.34TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:LanguageWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarInfancyAffordBullyInsultbleedmindbelongtoinspiteoftheemphaticform“as”tointroducearelativeclause35TextAnalysisWords&Phrasesforefather:n.(pl)thepeoplewhowerepartofyourfamilyalongtimeagointhepastSynonyms:ancestor,Opposites:descendant,offspringe.g.Manyyearsagoourforefathersestablishedthisnation.36TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase1.MyhusbandmovedintoourhouseasisthewaywithusinEsarn.(para.1)relativepronoun,subjectoftherelativeclause,meaningwhatismentionedinthemainclauseParaphrasing:Whenwegotmarried,wefollowedthetraditioninEsarnandmyhusbandcametolivewithmyfamily.Examples371.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.(as—subjectoftheclause)2.Asisoftenthecase,girlslearnalanguagemorequicklythanboys.(as—subjectoftheclause)TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase38TextAnalysis2.Diein:someplacefrom:becauseofsth.outspace,disease,cold外因Of:hunger,old人体之上e.g.diefromearthquakedieofillnessWords&Phrases39TextAnalysis3.infancy:n.a.earlychildhood b.earlystageofdevelopmentorgrowthExamples:Inthepast,manychildrendiedininfancy.HecametoEnglandinhisinfancy.Theresearchstretchedfromtheinfancyofradiobroadcastingthroughtotoday.Geneticengineeringisstillinitsinfancy.a. infantilen.infantWordformationsWords&Phrases40 Therest,twoboysandtwogirls,wentawayassoonaswecouldaffordtobuyjeansforthem.(1)Ourotherchildren—twoboysandtwogirls—leftassoonaswehadthemoneytobuythemjeans.appositiveof“therest”theremainingpeople;theothersExamplesTextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase41Yourfather,aproudandunbendingman,refusedallhelpthatwasofferedhim.Playingfootball,hisonlyinterestinlife,broughthimmanyfriends.3.Adrylightningstorm,thatis,athunderstormwithoutrain,startedafireinaremotepartoftheforestinAugust.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase424.afford:v.a.tohaveenoughmoney/timetodosth.b.(withcan/could)torunariskbydoingsth.经得住，承受得住c.(fml.)toprovide;giveClassifythefollowingwordsinto3groupsaccordingtoa,bandc.affordanewcaraffordthishighpriceaffordtherent affordacluetoaffordachance affordapleasantshade(can’t)affordtoneglectone’sworkaacccbbTextAnalysisWords&Phrases435.agency:代理机构anemploymentagency职业介绍所Atraveller‘sagency旅行社Agent代理人/商；经纪人AhouseagentAlaw–agentTextAnalysisWords&Phrases446.nowandthen:nowandagain;occasionallyExamples:Nowandthenweheardshotsinthewoods.Heloseshistempernowandthen,butnotoften.Ihearfromhimeverynowandthen.Hereandthere起伏地，详尽地Upsanddowns沉浮，盛衰Theinsandouts种种复杂详情TextAnalysisWords&Phrases45Lesson3-MessageoftheLand4.7.bully v.a.tothreatentohurtsomeoneorfrightenthem,especiallysomeonesmallerorweaker恐吓，以强凌弱 b.toputpressureonsomeoneinordertomakethemdowhatyouwant迫使，逼迫Examples:Thechildwasbulliedalmostoutofitslife.Don'tletthembullyyouintoworkingonSaturdays.MoremeaningsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis46alocalbullyplaythebullyabullyideaabullygooddinnerBullyforyou!bullyboyLesson3-MessageoftheLandTranslation土豪横行霸道，恃强欺弱绝妙的主意极其丰盛的饭菜干得好！(受人雇佣且尤指与政治集团有关的）流氓，打手Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis478.insult：v.tooffendsomeonebysayingordoingsomethingtheythinkisrudeExamples:IhopeAndywon'tbeinsultedifIdon'tcome.Sheinsultedhimbycallinghimacoward.Youinsultmyintelligencewithyourcrudemethods!(=tosayordosomethingthatsuggestsyouthinksomeoneisstupid)n.insulta.insultingn.insulterWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis489.pierce：v.a.tomakeasmallholewithasharppoint刺穿b.(ofcold,pain,sound)toforceawayinto使心如刀割c.toforceawaythroughsomething穿透（光，声音）Examples:Shehadherearspiercedinordertobeabletowearearrings.Hershriekspiercedthesilence.Hermemoriessometimespiercedherheart.Ourforcespiercedthroughtheenemy’slines.Pierceone’sheart：tomakeonefeelverysada.pierceda.piercingWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis49FigureofspeechSimileExamplesAsimileisabriefcomparison,usuallyintroducedbythepreposition“like”ortheconjunction“as”,as...as,than,asif,asthoughandetc.Asimileconsistsoftwoparts:tenorandvehicle.Thetenoristheprimarysubject;thevehicleisthethingtowhichthemainsubjectiscomparedto.Eg:-Omylove’slikeared,redrose.---RobertBurns-Jimwasascunningasanoldfox.50TheendofSimile. subject/tenor similemarker reference/vehicle Records(fell) like ripeapples(onawindyday.) Thedataprocessing(isgoingon) as(slow)as asnail.1.Sometimes,theygetbulliedandinsulted,anditislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.(2)Figureofspeech51 It’seasierformyhusband.Hehasearswhichdon’thear,amouthwhichdoesn’tspeak,andeyesthatdon’tsee.(2)Newsaboutmychildren’sproblemsdoesn’tmakemyhusbandassadasme.Hedoesn’tbotheraboutwhatishappeningaroundusandtoourchildren.Heneversaysanythingaboutthem.restrictiverelativeclauseparallelstructureQuestions:Doesthewifereallymeanthatherhusbandisdeaf,dumbandblind?TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase52 Hehasalwaysbeenpatientandsilent,mindinghisownlife.(2)presentparticiplephrasefunctioningasadverbialofaccompanyingcircumstancesHe’salwaysbeenpatientandtalkslittle.Hejustdoeshisdutyandcarriesonhislife.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase53 totakecareofone’s…Examples:WillyoumindmybagwhileIbuymyticket?Iwasmindingmyownworkwhenherushedin.Myfatherwasjustdrivingalong,mindinghisownbusiness,whensuddenlyabrickcamethroughthewindow.2.10.mindone’sown…“mind”phrasesWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis54mindone’sownbusinessmindone’sownp’sandq’smindone’smannersmindyourfootingmindyourbackMindhowyougo.别管闲事注意举止言行注意举止行为小心，站稳了当心；让开（道别时说）您慢走。TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis55Theysentustheirstatement,hopingtogetoursupport.Theywentonwiththeirstruggle,thinkingtheirswasajustcause.3.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.4.Thedoctor,notwishingtomakehernervous,didnotfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.Presentparticiplephrasesactasadverbialsofcause.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase61FigureofspeechpersonificationReferringtoinanimatethingsorabstractionsasiftheywerehuman.Personificationisreallyaspecialkindofmetaphor.e.g.Theyouthweresinging,laughingandplayingthemusicinstruments.Thetreesandflowersaroundthemdancedheartilyasiftouchedbymerrymood.HowsoonhathTime,thesubtlethiefofyouth,stolenonhiswingmythreeandtwentiethyear!Thepurposeofpersonificationistoexplain,toexpand,andtovivify.62…butinabadyear,it’snotonlytheploughsthatbreak,butourhearts,too.(para.3)Paraphrasing:Whenthereisadraught,thesoilissohardthatitbreakstheploughsandwefeelsosadthatourheartsbreaktoo.emphaticformzeugma:“break”governsboth“ploughs”and“hearts”.ExamplesofZ&ETextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase63Itwasthepolicemanthat/whocaughtapickpocketonNo.933busyesterday.(Thesubjectisemphasized.)ItwasapickpocketthatthepolicemancaughtonNo.933busyesterday.(Theobjectisemphasized.)3.ItwasonNo.933busthatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketyesterday.(Theadverbialofplaceisemphasized.)4.ItwasyesterdaythatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketonNo.933bus.(Theadverbialoftimeisemphasized.)Theemphaticstructure“Itis/was…that…”canbeusedtoemphasizeanypartofthesentenceexceptthepredicate.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase64Zeugma:moreexamplesTheendofZeugma.Zeugmaisacomicfigureofspeech.AtitsbestZeugmaiswittyandamusing,anditincreasesmeaningbyrevealinghiddenconnections.5.Shehadtoswallowbreadandbutterandaspasmofemotion.6.Hefoughtwithdesperationandastoutclub.7.Yesterdayhehadablueheartandcoat.8.Igotupyesterdayandmanagedtocatchabusandacold.9.…oldpeoplegatheringinthesocialhallforcomradeshipandahotlunch.Figureofspeech66TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartI:thewife’sspeech-changesinthevillagethatshedisliked(4-7)67ChangesinthevillagesinEsarn InthePast Now Waypeoplebuythings Socialrelationshipamongvillagers Thingsusedbythevillagers Viewsonfashion Attitudestowardsmonks,temples Relationshipbetweenparentsandkids barterforthingscashneighborshelptobuildhouses,reappriceordigwellpaymoneyforitfinebamboopieces,villagecraftsplasticthings,plasticbagsneverwenttohairdresser,paintedlipsornailssellpigsandwaterbuffalotobuyapairofjeansofferfoodtothemonksandgototempleregularlyleavethesethingstooldpeoplecondemnedungratefulson,andgivehimagoodbeatingshoutandscreamathismotherBack69694.1.barter…forv.toexchange(goods,property,etc.)forothergoods,etc.withoutusingmoneybartersthforsth:barterwithsbforsth:Examples:Ihadtobarterwiththelocalsforfood.Inthelocalmarket,meatandvegetablesarebarteredforelectricalgoods.Theprisonerstriedtobarterwiththeguardsfortheirfreedom.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis722.replace:v. a.totaketheplaceofb.togetanewoneforsth.brokenorstolenc.toputbackinitsplaceExamples:Lectureshavereplacedtheoldtutorialsystem.I'llreplacethevaseIbrokeassoonaspossible.Hereplacedthebookontheshelf.a.replaceablen.replacementWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis733.litter:v.tomakeuntidywithscatteredrubbish n.lightrubbish(bitsofpaper,wrappings)Examples:Thedeskwaslitteredwithpapers.Iamtiredofpickinguplitterthrownbyotherpeople.Peoplewhodroplittercanbefinedinsomecities.SynonymsrubbishgarbagetrashWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis74toappear,develop,grow,etc.quicklyorsuddenlyExamples:Newhouseswerespringingupalloverthetown.Dozensofwebsiteshavesprunguptoprovideinformationfortravelers.Newdot-comcompaniesarespringingupallthetime.5.4.springupSimilarexpressionscomeintobeing/existencearisebeborn“spring”phrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis75springtoone’sfeetspringtosb’sassistancespringtomindspringintofamespringtolifespringoutofbedspringasurpriseonsb.springuplikemushroomsspringfromaristocracy一跃而起十万火急地赶去救援某人在脑海中突然闪现一举成名焕发生机从床上跳起来使某人大吃一惊雨后春笋般地涌现出身于贵族TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis76Shopshavesprungup,filledwithcolorfulplasticthingsandgoodswehavenousefor.(para.4)Paraphrasing:Shopshavesuddenlyappearedinthevillagesellingattractiveplasticthingsandthingswedon’tneed.relativeclausemodifying“thingsandgoods”pastparticipleaspostmodifierExamplesTextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase77Themen,soakedwithsweatfromanall-nightmarch,immediatelywentintoaction.Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsofthestruggleoftheminers.Apost-modifyingpastparticiplephrasecorrespondstoanellipticalrelativeclause.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase785.fashionable:a.a.popular,esp.forashortperiodoftimeb.popularwith,orusedby,richpeopleOppositeunfashionableExamples:Strongcolorsareveryfashionableatthemoment.Itsuddenlybecamefashionableforpoliticianstotalkaboutgreenissues.HerunsaveryfashionablerestaurantneartheHarbor.Wordformationfashion(n.)RelatedphrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis79afterafashionafterthefashionofcomeintofashionfollowthefashiongooutoffashionin(the)fashionmakefashionoutof(the)fashionseta(the)fashionbeallthefashion勉强，马马虎虎像，跟……一样；模仿开始风行赶时髦不再风行合于时尚装装样子不合时尚开创新时尚(服装，举止等）极时髦，风行一时TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis806.strikev.iflightningstrikessomething,ithitsanddamagesitExamples:Thetempleburneddownafteritwasstruckbylightninglastyear.Lightningstruckthebarnandsetitonfire.Lightningneverstrikestwice.(=Somethingbadorunpleasantisnotlikelytohappentothesamepersonorinthesameplacetwice.)RelatedphrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis81strikesb.ontheheadpoverty-strickenareastrikefear/terrorintosb’sheartstrikeablowagainst/to/atstrikeabalancebetweenstrikeabargain/dealstrikeamatchstrikeoil/goldstrikeanameoutfromtheliststrikeapose/anattitudeThesolutionstruckmeimmediately.打中某人的头贫困区使某人产生害怕／恐惧给予一击在……之间达成平衡成交划火柴发现石油／金矿从名单上把名字划去摆姿势／态度我立刻想到这个解决办法。TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis827.tendto:tobeinclinedto;haveadirectionExamples:Peopletendtoneedlesssleepastheygetolder.Youngchildrentendtogetsickmoreoftenthanadults.Recentstudiesshowthatgirlstendtobebetteratlanguagesthanboys.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis838.shameExamples:Itwasacrying/great/terribleshamethattheylostthegame."Pleasedon'ttellmydadaboutthis,"hesaid,blushingwithshame.He'sbroughtshameonthewholefamily.IbowmyheadinshamewhenIthinkofhowItreatedher.n.a.sadordisappointingfeelingb.guiltyorembarrassingfeelinga.shamefula.ashameda.shamelessv.shameWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis849.Shoutatsb.:tospeakloudly,oftenangrilytosb.Shouttosb.:tospeakloudlye.g.Heoftenshoutedathiswife,andthisupsether.TomshoutedtoJacktopasstheball.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis8510.condemnv.a.todisapprovesth.orsb.,esp.becauseyouthinkitismorallywrongb.togivejudgmentagainstExamples:Localauthoritieshavebeencondemnedforfailingtotackletheproblemofhomelessness.Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath.Wordformationsa.condemnedn.condemnationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis86 tohitsb.asapunishmentExamples:Hisfathertookhimtothebarnandgavehimagoodbeating.Oursoldiersgavetheenemyathoroughbeating.11.givesb.a(good/…)beatingSimilarexpressionsbeatspanksmack/slapwhip/flogcorporalpunishmentWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis87 IfthatkindofthinghadhappenedwhenIwasyoung,thewholevillagewouldhavecondemnedsuchanungratefulson,andhisfatherwouldsurelyhavegivenhimagoodbeating.(6)Inmydayifaboyhadscreamedathismother,thewholevillagewouldhavescoldedhimforhislackofgratitude,andhisfatherwouldcertainlyhavepunishedhim.subjunctivemoodExercise:P63TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase88withreferenceto(sometimessuggestingindifferenceorcontempt)Examples:Asforyou,Ineverwanttoseeyouhereagain.Asfortheburglar,heescapedthroughthewindow.Asformypast,I’mnottellingyouanything.8.12.asfor“as”phrases至于，关于Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis89Cf.asagainstasfromasgoodasasitis/wasasitwereasregardsastoCf.与……比较，与……相对照自……起与……几乎一样；实际上等于实际上可以说，在某种程度上就……而论，按照，依照关于，至于Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis90Asforme,Iwouldn’tchange,couldn’tchangeevenifIwantedto.(para.7)Paraphrasing:Ididn’twanttochangemyselfandmylife,andactuallyIdidnothavetheabilitytochangeevenifIwantedto.wasunwillingtowasunabletoTextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase91ifanideaorthoughtoccurstoyou,itsuddenlycomesintoyourmindExamples:Isupposeitdidn'toccurtoyoutophonethepolice.Itneverseemstooccurtomychildrentocontactme.Ithadneveroccurredtohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.9.13.occurtoSimilarexpressionshaveanideahaveathoughtcrosssb’smindentersb’smindstrikecome/springtomindWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis92 averythinpersonoranimalExamples:Thecatwasjustabagofbones.Lackofenoughfoodreducedrefugeestobagsofbones.14.abagofbones“bone”phrases骨瘦如柴的人（或动物）Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis93Cf.aboneofcontention(as)dryasabone(as)hardasabonebarebonesbredinthebonecastabonebetweeninsb’sbonesfeel(it)inone’sbonesCf.争端的起因，争议点干透，十分干燥极为坚硬基本要点，梗概与生俱来的，改不掉的在……之间引起争端，离间在某人的本性中从内心（预）感到；（凭直觉）确信Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis9415.inrags:wearingoldandwornortornclothesExamples:Hegavefivedollarstoatrampdressedinragsandtatters.Childreninragsbeggedmoneyfromthetourists.Thereareareaswhereeverychildisinragsandlearnstobeathieffromtheageofthree.Learnmore衣衫褴褛的Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis95becomingveryrichafterstartingyourlifeverypoorExamples:Helikestotellpeopleofhisrisefromragstoriches.Iusedtheanalogyofafamilythatgoesfromragstorichesandbacktoragsinthreeorfourgenerations.16.fromragstoriches从赤贫到巨富Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis96Yes,thisbagofbonesdressedinragscanstillplantandreapricefrommorningtilldusk.metaphormeaningapoor,oldandweakpersonParaphrasing:ThoughI’mpoor,oldandweak,Icanstillworkinthericefieldallday.GotometaphorTextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase97MetaphorTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Ametaphorisalsoacomparison.Thedifferenceisthatasimilecomparesthingsexplicitly—thatis,itstatesliterallythatXislikeY.Ametaphorcomparesthingsimplicitly.Readliterally,itdoesnotstatethatthingsarealike;itsaysthattheyarethesamething,thattheyareidentical.ExamplesFigureofspeech98 n.asituationinwhichthereisnotenoughofsomethingExamples:Thescarcityofmedicalsupplieswasbecomingcritical.Theworldisenteringaperiodofproteinscarcity,thereportsays.Anindependencebaseduponanabundanceofgoodwillmaybefoundevenwheretherearescarcitiesinpowerresources.15.17.scarcitySynonymsshortageraritydearthWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis10014.18.condemnv.a.todisapprovesth.orsb.,esp.becauseyouthinkitismorallywrongb.togivejudgmentagainstExamples:Localauthoritieshavebeencondemnedforfailingtotackletheproblemofhomelessness.Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath.Wordformationsa.condemnedn.condemnationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis101TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartII:thehusband’sspeech(8-11)1025.Thefarmerisverytraditional.Hestillclingstotheconventionalideaofhavingabigfamilywithchildrenaroundhim.Becauseofhisstrongattachmenttotheland,hewantshischildrentofollowinhisfootstepsandbecontentwiththefarminglife.---Thefarmernursesastronglovetowardstheland.Helovesthefeelingwhentillingthelandandthesmellandsightwhenthericeonthelandisripening.Hefeelssoclosetothelandthathecanevenreadthemessageoftheland.Hestronglyhopesthatonedayhecanpassontheland’ssecretmessagetohisgrandchildren.104TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:LanguageWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarcomplainstriphealripenrippleshimmerbeatpeacewithforcesth.uponsb.tiedowngetbackonone’sfeetpassonto105 Myeyesdosee—theyseemorethantheyshould.Myearsdohear—theyhearmorethanisgoodforme.(8)I’mnotwhatmywifesaysIam.Idoseeandhear—Iseeandheartoomuchevil,toomanyuglyandterriblethings,thingsthatIwishIdidnothavetoseeandhear.Andthisisnotgoodforme.“do”isusedtoemphasizeverb.“morethanisgood”isthesameas“morethanwhatisgood”.ExamplesTextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase106Hedrankmorethan(what)wasgoodforhim.Katemeantmorethan(what)wassaid.Someofthestorieswerereallymorethan(what)couldbebelieved.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase107desirelongcravecovetlust:n.averystrongdesiretohavesomething,usu.powerormoneyv.towantsth.verymuch,esp.sth.thatyoudonotreallyneedExamples: Herlustformoneyisinsatiable. Throughouthiscareerhewasmotivatedbyalustforpower. Publishersworldwidemustbelustingforit.SynonymsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis1082.atpeacewithinasituationinwhichthereisnowarorfighting;inharmonywithExamples:Thetwocountriesareatpeacewitheachother.Thecountryisatpeacewithitsneighborsforthefirsttimeinyears.Ifyoudothis,youwillnotbeatpeacewithme inthefuture.“peace”phrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis109Cf.beatpeacewithoneselfbeatpeacewiththeworlddisturb/breakthepeacemakeone’speacewithmaysb.restinpeaceapeacesettlementachieve/bringaboutpeacepreservepeaceconclude(sign)apeaceCf.心平气和与世无争扰乱治安（同……）和解，修好愿某人的灵魂安息和平解决取得／带来和平维护和平缔结（签订）合约TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis1103.forcesth.on/uponsb.:forcesbtodosth:tocausesbtoacceptsththattheydonotwantExamples:Herhusbandtriedtoforcehiswillonher.Parentsshouldneverforcetheirvaluesontheirchildren.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis1124.complainof:totellpeoplethatsthismakingyoufeelill/unhappy，诉说complainabout:tosaythatsthiswrongornotsatisfactory抱怨，说出心里的不满Examples：1.Thepatientcomplainedofabadheadache.2.Manystudentscomplainaboutfoodservedintheuniversitycanteens.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis113Ihavebeenforcingsilenceuponheralltheseyears,yetshehadnotoncecomplainedofanything.(para.9)Paraphrasing:Alltheseyears,Ihardlytalkwithherorlistentoher,soshehastokeepsilentaboutherthoughtsandfeelings,butshehasnevertoldanyoneelseaboutherunhappyfeelingsaboutmysilence.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase114 5.strip:n.alongnarrowpieceofExamples:astripofpaper/cloth/board/tapesomestripsofdriedmeatastripofsandbetweenthecliffsandtheseaShethensnippedthesatinintothinstrips.Youwillneedastripofstiffcardboardtomakethishat.RelatedphrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis115abluestripofskystripcartoon/comicstripastripshowdoastripGazaStriplandingstripahighwaystripablueandwhitestriptearsb.offastrip一线天报刊上的连环漫画脱衣舞表演表演脱衣舞(中东）加沙地带简易跑道，简易机场逶迤的公路蓝白条子球衣把某人骂得体无完肤，怒斥某人TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis1166.tie…down:torestrictsb./sth.tocertainconditionsExamples:Childrendotieyoudown,don’tthey?Shedidn'twanttobetieddownbyafull-timejob.Aplanofuniontiesthenegotiationsdowntorealfactsandrealpiecesofchurchlife.Learnmoreabouttie…upTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis117v.a.totiesb.'sarms,legs,etc.sothattheycannotmoveb.tobeverybusy,sothatyoucannotdoanythingelseExamples:Herhairwastiedupinahairnetandthehatwasremovedandplacedtotherightofherchest.I'msorry,he'stiedupatthemoment.Couldyoucallbacklater?tie...upWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis118Stillthelandcouldnottiethemdownorcallthemback.(para.19)Paraphrasing:Mychildrengrewupandhadhappydaysonthisland,butthiscouldnotpreventthemfromleavingforcitiesorattractthembackfromcities.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase1197.bird/etc.onthewing:ifabirdisonthewing,itisflyingExamples:Thisareaisnotedforbutterfliesinsummer,andinAugustthepurplehairstreakwillbeonthewing.Johnshottheduckonthewing.“bird”sayingsTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis120 Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.It’sanillbirdthatfoulsitsownnest.Killtwobirdswithonestone.Translation早起的鸟儿有虫吃。双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。物以类聚，人以群分。恶鸟渎巢（指家丑不可外扬）一石二鸟（一举两得）Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis121Wheneachofthemhasapairofjeans,theyareofflikebirdsonthewing.ServeasasymbolofbeingmodernSimile:meaninglikebirdsthathavelearnedtoflyParaphrasing:assoonastheyhavethechance,theyjustgoaway.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase1228.heal:v.a.(esp.ofwounds)(tocause)tobecomehealthyandsoundb.to(helpsb.)becomementallyoremotionallystrongagainafterabadexperienceExamples:Ittookthreemonthsformyarmtohealproperly.Thetraumaofdivorcecanoftenbehealedbysuccessfulremarriage.Timehealsallsorrows.Wordformationsn.healera.healingWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis123Sicknesscomesandgoes,andwegetbackonourfeetagain.(para.11)Paraphrasing:Inevitablywesometimesfallill,butwhenwegetwellagainwecanalwaysgetbacktoournormallifeandworkonourland.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase124n. ripenessa. ripe9.ripen:v.tobecomeripeortomakesomethingripeExamples:Strawberriesdonotripenafterpicking.Fruitsripenedonthevinearetastybutsoftanddifficulttotransport.Theycontainmoremoisturethanotherripenedcheeses.wordformationsSynonymsofripematurefully-grownseasonedveteranWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis125waverollerbreakerswelltidalwavesurfsurge10.ripple:v./n.a.tomoveinsmallwaves b.topassfromonepersontoanotherlikeawaveExamples:Beforeheragreensearippled,meltingintoazurewhereitmetthesky.PanicrippledthroughHollywoodasthemurderswerediscovered.Arippleoflaughterranthroughtheaudience.SynonymsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis12611.shimmer:v./n.toshinewithasoftlightthatlooksasifitshakesslightlyExamples:Thelakeshimmeredinthemoonlight.He'dreachedtoclickoffthelight,andtheroomshimmeredagainwiththefaintestlightfromthemoon.Shelikestheshimmerofglassesinthecandlelight.SynonymsshinegleamglimmerflashglowbeamWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis127 It’sgoodtosmellthescentofripeningriceinNovember.Thesoftcoolbreezemovesthesheaves,whichrippleandshimmerlikewavesofgold.(11)TheripeningriceissopleasanttosmellinNovember.Inthesoftcoolbreeze,thesheavesmoveandshineinthesunlikeagoldensea.gerundfunctioningasmodifiernon-restrictiverelativeclausesimileExamplesTextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase128 Theywereinfuriatedbythisinsultingdemand.Nosoakingrainfellintheperiod.Ourindustryisdevelopingatanastonishingspeed.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase12912.pass…onto:tohandorgivesth.tosb.else,esp.afterreceivingorusingitoneselfExamples:Ipassedhermessageontohermother.Passthebookontomewhenyou’vefinishedwithit.ItwasdiscoveredthathehadbeenpassingsecretsontotheRussianswhilstworkingatthePentagon.“pass”phrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis130Cf.passawaypassbypassdownpassforpassoffpassoutpassoverpassthroughpassupCf.消逝，（婉）去世经过，忽视，放过把……往下传，递下来充作，被看作，被当作停止；（顺利）完成；忽视；回避分发，分配；昏倒，失去知觉忽略，原谅通过；经历，遭受拒绝，放弃/过(机会等)，向上递TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis131WordBuildingList:Prefix—foreRoot—curSuffix—able/ibleTextAnalysis132forefatherprefixfore-:before;infrontofforetellforeseeforerunforecastforewordforearmforelegforesightforegroundforerunner预言预见先驱，前驱预报前言，引言，序前臂前腿现见，预见前景先驱者，先锋WordBuildingTextAnalysis133 a.a.(n.+able)showingthequalitiesof b.(v.+able)thatcanbe;fittobeExamples:fashionable(=showingthequalitiesoffashion)eatable(=thatcanbeeaten;fittobeeaten)suffix—-able/-ibleMoreexamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WordBuildingTextAnalysis134regretrespectresponsesenseconductenjoyreadimaginethinkresistcorruptsuffix―-able/-ibleGivecorrespondingadjectiveformofeachword.regrettablerespectableresponsiblesensibleconductibleenjoyablereadableimaginablethinkableresistiblecorruptibleWordBuildingTextAnalysis135FurtherstudyofthetextQuestion:Whatarethetraits,asshownintheoldcouple,sharedbyotherfarmers?Inthecouplewefindtraitsthataresharedbymanyfarmerswhotilltheland:loveoflandandphysicallabor,andloveoffamilybeinghonestandkind,andeasytobesatisfiedclingingtotraditionalvaluesandthewayoflifeWecanstillfindthecommonproblems:generationgapconfusionoftheoldtowardsthechangingworldyoungpeople’squittingofthefarminglife136