Unit 12“Take over Bos' n!”综合教程三

Unit1Unit12“TakeOver,Bos’n!”Watchthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.AretheelectronicequipmentstillfunctioningwhenChucklandsontheshoreaftertheaircrash?2.Whatisthesituationontheisland?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationNo,theyareallbrokenafterbeingsoakedintheseawater.Thereisnotraceofhumanliving,anditisjustanisolatedisland.Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationId,egoandsuper-egoarethethreepartsofhumanpsyche.1.Id,EgoandSuper-ego(proposedbySigmundFreud)Culturalinformation1AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationId:theimpulsive,child-likeportionofthepsychethatoperatesonthe“pleasureprinciple”onlytakingintoaccountwhatitwantsanddisregardsallconsequencesSuper-ego:workingincontradictiontotheidstrivingtoactinasociallyappropriatemanner,whereastheidjustwantsinstantself-gratificationEgo:Culturalinformation2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationactingaccordingtotherealityprinciple,i.e.itseekstopleasetheid’sdriveinrealisticwaysthatwillbenefitinthelongtermratherthanbringinggriefattemptingtoexactabalancebetweentheimpracticalhedonismoftheidandtheequallyimpracticalmoralismofthesuper-egothepartofthepsychethatisusuallyreflectedmostdirectlyinaperson’sactionsSignificance:Beingawareofthesepartsofhumanpsychecanhelpusbetterunderstandourselves.Forexample,onceourinstinct(id)drivesustodosomethingunethical,thesuper-egowillruncountertothisattemptbyrelatingtosocialmorals.Theresultofthisistheegoofuspresentedbeforethepublic,balancedbytwoforces.Reflectyourselvestoseeiftheseconceptsmakesense.Culturalinformation2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationItisashortstory,andthecharactersinitaremiredinatoughsituation.Whenone’sexistenceisthreatened,mostprobablythehiddenanimalinournaturemightjumpout.Itisuptoustodecidewhetherwewouldletlooseourevilnatureorresorttosomethingmorepowerfultoconquerthisintent.Inthisshortstory,theauthoroffersusapossiblesolutionforwhatweshouldresortto—ourcommitmenttoacertainpost,i.e.ourresponsibilityforpeopleunderourleadership.Whenthedivinehalfofourselfisattheriskofbeingoverwhelmedbythebeasthalforthebrightsideofourhumannatureisattheriskofbeingovershadowedbythedarkside,thiskindofcommitmentorresponsibilitymighthavethepowertoGlobalReading-StructuralanalysisTextAnalysisStructuralAnalysisRhetoricalFeaturesennoblethehumanspiritandpreventusfrombeingmerelybeastly.Theendingofthestoryisquiteanidealisticone:when“I”passedtheresponsibilityontoBarrett,thebeastinhisbodysuddenlyrecededorfelltamedunderitscharm,theconsequenceofwhichwasthatallmenweremiraculouslyrescuedbeforeanybeastlikedeedswerecommitted.Itshowstheauthor’sgoodwishaswellashisoptimisticviewofhumannatureincriticalsituations.GlobalReading-StructuralanalysisTextAnalysisStructuralAnalysisRhetoricalFeaturesStructuralanalysisThefirstpart(Paragraphs1-2)istheintroductorypartofthestory,anditleavescertainsuspenseforreaderstocarryon.Thesecondpart(Paragraphs3-23)theauthornarratesanddescribesindetailthedesperatesituationtheywereinandtheresponsibilitySnydershouldered.1)Intermsoforganization,thearticleclearlyfallsintothreemainparts:TextAnalysisThethirdpart(Paragraphs24-28)istheendofthestory.StructuralAnalysisRhetoricalFeaturesStructuralanalysis2)Inthestory,weperceivetheturnofJeffBarrett:astronganddangerousman,aconstantthreattothehopeofthesurvivorsonthelifeboat→thepersontokeeptheorderandprotectthewaterwhenSnyderwasasleepTheauthorwantstoconveythathowasenseofresponsibilitycouldbearousedbyone’sposition.TextAnalysisStructuralAnalysisRhetoricalFeaturesRhetoricalFeaturesRhetoricaldevicesusedinthestory—theextensiveemploymentofphrases,eitherindependentlyordependently:①Therewasn’tmuchinitaftertwentydays.Maybeapint.(Paragraph4)—usedtomaketheinformationcontainedintheprevioussentencemoreconcrete②JeffBarrettwasthenearestone.Aconstantthreat.(Paragraph9)—asortofappositivee.g.TextAnalysisIndependentPhrasesStructuralAnalysisRhetoricalFeaturesRhetoricalFeaturesTextAnalysisDependentPhrases(placedimmediatelyafterasentence)①They’dstoppedthatlongago,tooweaktogoon.(Paragraph7)—afurtherexplanationoftheprevioussentence②Thebos’n’smatewasaheavyman,bald,withascarredandbrutalface.(Paragraph9)—aprepositionalphrasewhichfurtherdescribesthemane.g.StructuralAnalysisRhetoricalFeaturesDetailedreading1-2DetailedReading“TakeOver,Bos’n!”OscarSchisgall1HourafterhourIkeptthegunpointedattheotherninemen.Fromthelifeboat’sstern,whereI’dsatmostofthetwentydaysofourdrifting,Icouldkeepthemallcovered.IfIhadtoshootatsuchclosequarters,Iwouldn’tmiss.Theyrealizedthat.Nobodyjumpedatme.ButinthewaytheyallglaredIcouldseehowthey’dcometohatemyguts.2EspeciallyBarrett,who’dbeenbos’n’smate;Barrettsaidinhisharsh,crackedvoice,“You’reafool,Snyder.Y-youcan’tholdoutforever!You’rehalfasleepnow!”Detailedreading3-43Ididn’tanswer.Hewasright.Howlongcanamanstayawake?Ihadn’tdaredtoshutmyeyesinmaybeseventy-twohours.VerysoonnowI’ddozeoff,andtheinstantthathappenedthey’djumponthelittlewaterthatwasleft.4Thelastcanteenlayundermylegs.Therewasn’tmuchinitaftertwentydays.Maybeapint.Enoughtogiveeachofthemafewdrops.YetIcouldseeintheirbloodshoteyesthatthey’dgladlykillmeforthosefewdrops.AsamanIdidn’tcountanymore.IwasnolongerthirdofficerofthewreckedMontala.Iwasjustagunthatkeptthemawayfromthewatertheycraved.Andwiththeirtongueswollenandtheircheekssunken,theywerehalfcrazy.DetailedReadingDetailedreading5-65ThewayIjudgedit,wemustbesometwohundredmileseastofAscension.Nowthatthestormswereover,theAtlanticswellswerelongandeasy,andthemorningsunwashot—sohotitscorchedyourskin.Myowntonguewasthickenoughtoclogmythroat.I’dhavegiventherestofmylifeforasinglegulpofwater.6ButIwasthemanwiththegun—theonlyauthorityintheboat—andIknewthis:oncethewaterwasgonewe’dhavenothingtolookforwardtobutdeath.Aslongaswecouldlookforwardtogettingadrinklater,therewassomethingtolivefor.Wehadtomakeitlastaslongaspossible.IfI’dgivenintothecurses,we’dhaveemptiedthelastcanteendaysago.Bynowwe’dallbedead.DetailedReadingDetailedreading7-97Themenweren’tpullingontheoars.They’dstoppedthatlongago,tooweaktogoon.Thenineofthemfacingmewereapackofbearded,ragged,half-nakedanimals,andIprobablylookedasbadastherest.Somesprawledoverthegunwales,dozing.TherestwatchedmeasBarrettdid,readytospringtheinstantIrelaxed.8Whentheyweren’tlookingatmyfacetheylookedatthecanteenundermylegs.9JeffBarrettwasthenearestone.Aconstantthreat.Thebos’n’smatewasaheavyman,bald,withascarredandbrutalface.He’dbeeninahundredfights,andthey’dlefttheirmarksonhim.DetailedReadingDetailedreading10-1510Barretthadbeenabletosleep—infact,he’dsleptthroughmostofthenight—andIenviedhimthat.Hiseyeswouldn’tclose.Theykeptwatchingme,narrowanddangerous.11Everynowandthenhetauntedmeinthathoarse,brokenvoice:12“Whydon’tyouquit?Youcan’tholdout!”13“Tonight,”Isaid.“We’llrationtherestofthewatertonight.”14“Bytonightsomeofus’llbedead!Wewantitnow!”15“Tonight,”Isaid.DetailedReadingDetailedreading16-1816Couldn’theunderstandthatifwewaiteduntilnightthefewdropswouldn’tbesweatedoutofussofast?ButBarrettwasbeyondallreasoning.Hismindhadalreadycrackedwiththirst.Isawhimbegintorise,acalculatinglookinhiseyes.Iaimedthegunathischest—andhesatdownagain.17I’dgrabbedmyLugeroninstinct,twentydaysago,justbeforerunningforthelifeboat.NothingelsewouldhavekeptBarrettandtherestawayfromthewater.18Thesefools—couldn’ttheyseeIwantedadrinkasbadlyasanyofthem?ButIwasincommandhere—thatwasthedifference.Iwasthemanwiththegun,themanwhohadtothink.Eachoftheotherscouldaffordtothinkonlyofhimself;Ihadtothinkofthemall.DetailedReadingDetailedreading19-2119Barrett’seyeskeptwatchingme,waiting.Ihatedhim.Ihatedhimallthemorebecausehe’dslept.Hehadthatadvantagenow.Hewouldn’tkeelover.20AndlongbeforenoonIknewIcouldn’tfightanymore.Myeyelidsweretooheavytolift.Astheboatroseandfellonthelongswells,Icouldfeelsleepcreepingovermelikeparalysis.Ibentmyhead.Itfilledmybrainlikeacloud.Iwasgoing,going…21Barrettstoodoverme,andIcouldn’tevenliftthegun.InavaguewayIcouldguesswhatwouldhappen.He’dgrabthewaterfirstandtakehisdrop.Bythattimetheotherswouldbescreamingandtearingathim,andhe’dhavetoyieldthecanteen.Well,therewasnothingmoreIcoulddoaboutit.DetailedReadingDetailedreading22-2522Iwhispered,“Takeover,bos’n.”23ThenIfellfacedowninthebottomoftheboat.IwasasleepbeforeIstoppedmoving…24Whenahandshookmyshoulder,Icouldhardlyraisemyhead.JeffBarrett’shoarsevoicesaid,“Here!Takeyourshareo’thewater!”25SomehowIproppedmyselfuponmyarms,dizzyandweak.Ilookedatthemen,andIthoughtmyeyesweregoing.Theirfiguresweredim,shadowy;butthenIrealizeditwasn’tbecauseofmyeyes.Itwasnight.Theseawasblack;therewerestarsoverhead,I’dsleptthedayaway.DetailedReadingDetailedreading26-2826Sowewereinourtwenty-firstnightadrift—thenightinwhichthetrampCrotonfinallypickedusup—butnow,asIturnedmyheadtoBarretttherewasnosignofanyship.Hekneltbesideme,holdingoutthecanteen,hisotherhandwithgunsteadyonthemen.27Istaredatthecanteenasifitwereamirage.Hadn’ttheyfinishedthatpintofwaterthismorning?WhenIlookedupatBarrett’suglyface,itwasgrim.Hemusthaveguessedmythoughts.28“Yousaid,‘Takeover,bos’n,’didn’tyou?”hegrowled.“I’vebeenholdingofftheseapesallday.”HeheftedtheLugerinhishand.“Whenyou’reboss-man,”headded,“incommandandresponsiblefortherest—you—yousuregettoseethingsdifferent,don’tyou?”DetailedReadingDoyouthinkSnydercouldcontrolthesituation?Detailedreading1-2--QuesionNo.Thiswasasituationofconfrontationofoneversusnine.AtpresentSnyderwasincontrolbecausehehadthegun,butconsideringthefactthathehadn’tsleptforseventy-twohoursandwasalreadyhalfasleep,hecouldhardlyholdon.Ifheshouldeverdozeoff,hewouldeasilyfindhimselfonthelosingside.DetailedReadingWhatwasthecauseoftheconfrontation?Detailedreading3--QuesionAfterdriftingontheseafortwentydays,thetensurvivorsofashipwreckageweredyingfromthirst.Theonlycanteenleftgavethemthehopetokeepon.Knowingtheirhopewouldevaporateoncethelastdropofwaterwasgone,Snyder,themanincommand,waspointinghisgunatthesethirstymentopreventthemfromtakingtheirgulp.Buttheothermen,notrealizinghiswell-meantwill,wereglaringatthewater,readytospringupateveryminute,takeholdofitandgulpitdown.DetailedReadingDetailedreading4--QuesionDetailedReadingWhydidSnyderinsistthattheywaittillnightforthelastfewdropsofwater?AccordingtoSnyder,thewaterdrunkinthesunwouldbesweatedoutveryfast,butifitweretakendownatnight,itwouldlastlonger.WhatmadeBarrettgiveuphischanceofdrinkingthewater?Detailedreading24--QuesionBarrettexplainedthathewasgiventheresponsibilitytotakeothersoutofdangerwhenSnyderhandedhimthegunandsaid,“Takeover,bos’n.”Oncegiventheauthority,hewouldlearntoviewthingsfromadifferentangle.DetailedReadingDetailedreading28–ActivityClassActivityDebate:Doyoubelievethatincriticalmomentsaperson’scommitmenttocertainleadingpositionwillovercomehis/hernaturewhichismostlyselfish?Boththeaffirmativesideandthenegativesideshouldillustrateyourargumentwithexamplesfromhistoryoryourownexperience.DetailedReadingsternDetailedreading2–sterne.g.Goandstandin/atthesternoftheboat.DetailedReadingn.therearendofashiporboate.g.asternheadmaster/parent/policeofficera.hard,grim,orsevereinmannerandcharacterSynonym:austere,exacting,firm,harsh,severe,strictDetailedreading2--gutsgutsn.e.g.Oh,Ihaveaterriblepainintheguts.Itfeelslikefoodpoisoning.DetailedReading1.theinternalorgansoftheabdomen2.courageordeterminatione.g.Youneedalotofgutstoadmityourmistakeinthepresenceofyourboss.自己创业是需要勇气的。Practice:Ittakesgutstostartanewbusinessonyourown.pouncev.Detailedreading1–pounceCollocation:pounceon/upone.g.Thecatwashidinginthebushes,readytopounce.e.g.Wesawthetigerabouttopounceonthegoat.DetailedReadingspringorflydownsuddenlyinordertoseizesomethingDetailedreading1–canteenDetailedReadinge.g.Thereislittlewaterleftinthecanteen.canteenn.1.asmall,usu.leathercontainerinwhichwaterorotherdrinkiscarried2.aplaceservingfoodanddrinkinafactory,anoffice,aschool,etc.e.g.Studentsprefertoeatintheschoolcanteenbecausethereisawidevarietyoffoodsonthemenu,whichchangeseveryday.Detailedreading1–rationDetailedReadinge.g.Thegovernmenthadtorationthefoodduringthewar.rationv.limittheamountofsomethingthateachpersonisallowedtohave咖啡每天只能喝两杯。Practice:Coffeeisrationedtotwocupsaday.Detailedreading1–stare1DetailedReadinge.g.Shewasstaringintothedistance.starev.gazefixedlye.g.gazeatthemoon;gazeintohiseyesComparison:gaze,stare,gape,glare,peer,ogle2.Tostareistogazefixedly;thewordcanindicatecuriosity,boldness,insolence,orstupidity.e.g.Theoldcouplestaredatthemindisbelief.stareintothedistance1.Gazereferstoprolongedlookingthatisoftenindicativeofwonder,fascination,awe,oradmiration.Detailedreading2–stare2e.g.Touristsaregapingatthesights.DetailedReadinge.g.Sheglaredfuriouslyathimwhenhecontradictedher.e.g.Hepeeredthroughhisspectaclesatthecontract.3.Gapesuggestsaprolongedopen-mouthedlookreflectingamazement,awe,orlackofintelligence.4.Toglareistofixanotherwithahard,piercingstare.5.Topeeristolooknarrowly,searchingly,andseeminglywithdifficulty.6.Toogleistostareinanamorousmanner(oftenusedtoshowdisapproval).e.g.Sheresentedthewaythattheconstructionworkersontheirlunchhourogledpassingwomen.Detailedreading1–Butintheway…ButinthewaytheyallglaredIcouldseehowthey’dcometohatemyguts.(Paragraph1)Paraphrase:ButfromthewaytheystaredatmeIcouldfigureoutthattheyhatedmeverymuch.DetailedReadingDetailedreading6–IfI’dgivenIfI’dgivenintothecurses,we’dhaveemptiedthelastcanteendaysago.(Paragraph6)Paraphrase:IfIhadyieldedtomagicspellswhichwereplaceduponuswithharmfulintention,wewouldhavedrunkuptheremainingwaterinthecanteendaysago.DetailedReadingDetailedreading26–SowewereSowewereinourtwenty-firstnightadrift–thenightinwhichthetrampCrotonfinallypickedusup—butnow,asIturnedmyheadtoBarretttherewasnosignofanyship.(Paragraph26)Paraphrase:Weweresavedbyashipwhichdoesnothaveafixedscheduleorpublishedportsofcallonthetwenty-firstnightonthesea,butnowwhenIturnedmyheadtoBarrett,noshipseemedtocomearound.DetailedReadingConsolidationActivities-VocabularymainPhrasePracticeWordDerivationSynonym/AntonymVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar4)Afterthreehoursofstrenuoustraining,theyoungfootballerandfellflatonhisback,exhausted.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice11)“Comeon,lazybones.Dosomething!Youcan’tyourentirelifelikethis.”VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammarsleepaway____________2)TheurbanplannersseemedtonohopeofrenovatingtheabbeybeforeChristmas.holdout_________3)Introvertedpeoplearemorelikelytofromstrangerswhotrytostrikeupaconversationwiththem.holdoff/keepaway______________________keeledover_____________Fillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriatephrasalverborcollocationfromthetext.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice2VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar5)Itisreportedthatthemilitaryarethreateningtoifthecivilunrestcontinues.takeover___________ConsolidationActivities-sleepawayVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.周末的半个上午有时是被我睡过去的。Atweekends,Isometimessleepawayhalfthemorning.sleepaway:sleepinordertostopthinkingorworryingaboutsth.,ortostopfeelingsth.;tospendaperiodoftimeinsleepingConsolidationActivities-holdoutVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.谈判双方对和平解决事件没有抱太大希望。Negotiatorsaren’tholdingoutmuchhopeofapeacefulsettlement.holdout:thinkorsaythatsth.ispossibleorlikelytohappen,especiallysth.goodConsolidationActivities-holdoffVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.外面已经有很多记者了——我要避开他们一会。There’salreadyacrowdofreportersoutside—I’lltrytoholdthemoffforawhile.holdoff:preventsb.fromcomingtowardsyouorsucceedinginspeakingtoyoue.g.没有人能够完全远离这个竞争社会。Nobodycanentirelykeepawayfromthiscompetitiveworld.keepaway:(causesb./sth.)nottogonearsb./sth.ConsolidationActivities-keeloverVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.一些战士在烈日下昏倒了。Severalsoldierskeeledoverinthehotsun.keelover:falloversidewaysConsolidationActivities-takeoverVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.Hisonlyreasonforinvestinginthecompanywastotakeitover.他注资这家公司的唯一原因是想接手。takeover:takecontrolofsth.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.1VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar1)paralysisn.→paralyzev.e.g.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。总罢工使煤矿工业陷于瘫痪。Theparalysisaffectshisrightlegandhecanonlywalkwithdifficulty.Ageneralstrikeparalyzedthecoalindustry.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.2VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar2)brutalityn.→brutala.→bruten.e.g.那些人质遭到惨无人道的对待。他做那种事是很残忍的。他的父亲是个酗酒成性﹑冷酷无情的人。Thehostagesweresubjectedtoextremebrutality.Itwasbrutalofhimtodothat.Hisfatherwasadrunkenbrute.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.3VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar3)wreckagen.→wreckeda.→wreckern.→wreckn.e.g.消防员将幸存者从废墟中拉出来。失事的船只她将他视为她所有梦想的破坏者。那辆汽车在碰撞事故中成了一堆废铁。Firemenmanagedtopullsomesurvivorsfromthewreckage.awreckedshipShesawhimasthewreckerofallherdreams.Thecollisionreducedthecartoauselesswreck.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.4VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar4)judg(e)mentn.→judg(e)mentala.→judgev.e.g.现在预言结果还为时过早。别老是这么批判的态度好吧！据我判断，他们都有责任。It’stoosoontomakeajudgmentaboutwhattheoutcomewillbe.Stopalwaysbeingsojudgmental!AsfarasIcanjudge,theyarealltoblame.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.5VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar5)advantageousa.→advantagedn.→disadvantagen.e.g.他的决定对我们有利。他具备受过良好教育的优势。没有适当的公共交通工具是不利因素。Hisdecisionisadvantageoustous.Thelackofdecentpublictransportisagreatdisadvantage.Hehadtheadvantageofagoodeducation.因为她有经验，所以她的意见很重要。可数名词婚礼倒计时许多商店出售商品一概不打折扣。thecountdowntotheweddingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.6VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar6)countv.→countablea.→countdownn.→discountv.e.g.Heropinioncountsbecauseofherexperience.acountablenounManystoresdonotdiscountatall.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.7VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar7)scorchv.→scorchinga.→scorchern.e.g.熨斗烫焦了桌布。烈日炎炎。好热的天!Theironscorchedthetablecloth.Itwasascorchinghotday.Whatascorcher!ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.8VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar8)commandn.→commandern.→commandinga.→commandmentn.e.g.他的命令已迅速执行。总司令指挥官要下属绝对服从。你能背诵十诫吗？Hiscommandswerequicklyobeyed.commander-in-chiefThecommandingofficerexpectedunquestioningobediencefromhismen.CanyourecitetheTenCommandants?burnedConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym11.Andwiththeirtongueswollenandtheircheekssunken,theywerehalfcrazy.Antonym:plump;chubby;fleshy2.Nowthatthestormswereover,theAtlanticswellswerelongandeasy,andthemorningsunwashot—sohotitscorchedyourskin.Synonym:VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym23.Myowntonguewasthickenoughtoclogmythroat.Synonym:block;choke4.Thenineofthemfacingmewereapackofbearded,ragged,half-nakedanimals,andIprobablylookedasbadastherest.Antonym:shavenVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar5.Theykeptwatchingme,narrowanddangerous.Synonym:attentiveConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym36.Everynowandthenhetauntedmeinthathoarse,brokenvoice:Synonym:jeered;scoffed7.WhenIlookedupatBarrett’suglyface,itwasgrim.Antonym:gentle;meek;mildVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingListeningGrammar8.Heheftedtheguninhishand.Synonym:lifted;hoistedConsolidationActivities-GrammarmainVocabularyGrammarTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingEllipsis,Substitution&ReferenceTenseinConditionalSentencesArticlesConsolidationActivities-Grammar1.11)Ellipsis,Substitution&ReferenceInCohesioninEnglish,M.A.K.HallidayandRuqaiyaHasanidentifyfivegeneralcategoriesofcohesivedevicesthatcreatecoherenceintexts:reference,ellipsis,substitution,lexicalcohesion,andconjunction.VocabularyGrammarTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWriting—Whereareyougoing?—Totown.e.g.ellipsis:grammaticalomissionConsolidationActivities-Grammar1.2VocabularyGrammarTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritinge.g.Myaxeistooblunt.Imustgetasharperone.Yout