自考0795综合英语(二)基础班课程讲义全上册Lesson4

    Lesson Four： "Take Over, Bos'n!" 打印本页   　　I.Outline of the Text 　　Part 1：(Paras.1-4) 　　The ship had sunk in a storm 20 days before. 　　Snyder kept his gun pointed at the other 9 sailors to prevent them from drinking the last bit of fresh water. 　　So the thirsty sailors hated him. 　　Part 2：(Paras.5-8) 　　Snyder was aware of the importance of the water. 　　If the water were gone, they would have nothing to live for. 　　Part 3：(Paras.9-20) 　　Barrett was a threat to Snyder because he tried hard to make Snyder give up. 　　When Snyder could hardly keep awake, Barrett was ready to grab the water. 　　Part 4：(Paras21-27) 　　Snyder told Barrett to "take over" the water before dozing off. 　　When he woke up he found Barrett guarding the water just as he had done. 　　Finally, they were rescued by another ship that very night. 　　Ⅱ.Text 　　Text　"Take Over, Bos'n!" 　　1　Hour after hour I kept the gun pointed at the other nine men. From the lifeboat's stern, where I'd sat most of the twenty days of our drifting, I could keep them all covered. If I had to shoot at such close quarters, I wouldn't miss. They realized that. Nobody jumped at me. But in the way they all glared I could see how they'd come to hate my guts. 　　一小时过去了又是一小时，我一直把枪瞄准其他九个人。从救生艇的尾部，我可以把他们全纳入我的射程之内，在我们漂浮的20天里，大部分时间我都坐在船尾。要是我不得不开枪的话，离这么近他们谁也逃不掉。他们知道这一点，所以都忍耐着。不过从他们瞪着我的那副神态，我能看出来他们对我已是恨之入骨。 　　词组：Take over：to take control of sth. 接管；兼并 　　For example：He took over the company after his father's retirement. 　　keep+n+adj（此处也可用过去分词）：keep yourself warm/keep yourself comfortable 　　hate one's guts：to hate sb. very much（俚语）对某人恨之入骨 　　Keep doing sth：继续做 　　Keep…from doing sth： to prevent ….from doing sth阻止…做某事 　　For example：His mother kept him from smoking. 　　Keep up with：赶上 　　Keep up with the Joneses：赶时髦；与别人攀比 　　Keep….in mind：to learn ….by heart 牢记 　　Keep a promise：遵守诺言 　　Keep house：管家 　　Keep a straight face 忍住不笑 　　2　Especially Barrett, who'd been bos'n's mate; Barrett said in his harsh, cracked voice, "You're a fool, Snyder. Y-you can't hold out forever! You're half asleep now!" 　　特别是巴雷特，在船上的时候他是副水手长；巴雷特的声音刺耳而沙哑，"斯奈德，你很蠢，你……你不可能这样坚持下去！你现在就几乎要睡着了。" 　　单词：mate 　　构成合成词：classmate同学/workmate同事 　　Hold out：to insist in a difficult situation （在危险或困难的情况下）抵抗，坚持 　　3　I didn't answer. He was right. How long can a man stay awake? I hadn't dared to shut my eyes in maybe seventy-two hours. Very soon now I'd doze off, and the instant that happened they'd jump on the little water that was left. 　　我没有回答。他是对的。一个人能多长时间不睡觉？在72个小时里我一直不敢合眼。我很快就会打盹，只要我一开始打盹，他们就会向剩下的那点水扑过来。 　　词组：doze off 打盹，打瞌睡 　　4　The last canteen lay under my legs. There wasn't much in it after twenty days. Maybe a pint. Enough to give each of them a few drops. Yet I could see in their bloodshot eyes that they'd gladly kill me for those few drops. As a man I didn't count any more. I was no longer third officer of the wrecked Montala. I was just a gun that kept them away from the water they craved. And with their tongue swollen and their cheeks sunken, they were half crazy. 　　Yet I could see in their bloodshot eyes that they'd gladly kill me for those few drops. 　　不过我可以从他们那充满血丝的眼睛里看出，为了那几滴水他们会毫不犹豫地把我宰了。 　　That从句是see的宾语。 　　As a man I didn't count any more. I was no longer third officer of the wrecked Montala. I was just a gun that kept them away from the water they craved. 　　作为人，我不再有什么价值，我不再是遇难的"蒙塔拉"号的三副；这会儿，我只不过是一杆枪，不让他们喝到梦寐以求的水的一杆枪。 　　Count vi. Be of value 有价值 　　Keep sb./sth. away from: 不让……接近……，使……不能靠近…… 　　And with their tongue swollen and their cheeks sunken, they were half crazy. 　　他们的舌头已经干得发肿，面颊都凹了下去，各个都处于半疯的状况。 　　单词： 　　Lie 躺；位于(to, in) lie, lay, lain, lying 　　Lie 说谎 lie, lied, lied, lying 　　Lay 放置；产卵 lay, laid, laid, laying 　　5　The way I judged it, we must be some two hundred miles east of Ascension. Now that the storms were over, the Atlantic swells were long and easy, and the morning sun was hot-so hot it scorched your skin. My own tongue was thick enough to stop my throat. I'd have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water. 　　根据我的判断，我们很可能是在阿森松岛以东两百英里左右。风暴已经过去，大西洋上波浪平稳，上午的阳光无比灼热，热得把你的皮肤烤疼。我自己的舌头也粗得能把嗓子堵死。我早就用下半辈子的生命换取了一口水。 　　短语： 　　give …for …： to exchange …for 用…交换… 　　6　But I was the man with the gun - the only authority in the boat-and I knew this: once the water was gone we'd have nothing to look forward to but death. As long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was something to live for. We had to make it last as long as possible. If I'd given in to the curses, we'd have emptied the last canteen days ago. By now we'd all be dead. 　　但是我是唯一有枪的人，此时枪是船上唯一的权威，我明白一旦那点水喝光，我们除了死亡，再也没有别的东西可盼望的了。只要我们一直盼着待会儿还能喝上一口水，我们就有了活下去的目标。我们不得不尽可能地延长这点水的使用时间。我要是因为他们的诅咒和谩骂而屈服，好几天之前最后一壶水就会喝得精光。这会儿，我们早都成了鬼。 　　短语： 　　look forward to sth./doing sth.：to expect sth. 盼望 　　give in：to compromise 屈服 　　look ahead： 考虑未来 　　look into the future：展望未来 　　look up：查（字典） 　　look down on/upon：看不起 　　look on：旁观 　　look on/upon…as： to regard ….as 把…看作 　　look sb. in the eye/face：正视 　　look after： to take care of 照顾 　　look for：寻找 　　look out：小心 　　7　The men weren't pulling on the oars. They'd stopped that long ago, too weak to go on. The nine of them facing me were a pack of bearded, ragged, half-naked animals, and I probably looked as bad as the rest. Some sprawled over the gunwales, dozing. The rest watched me as Barrett did, ready to spring the instant I relaxed. 　　…too…to…太……而不能…… 　　The nine of them facing me were a pack of bearded, ragged, half-naked animals, and I probably looked as bad as the rest. 　　　　面对着我的那九个人是一群胡子拉碴、衣衫褴褛、衣不遮体的野兽，我的样子恐怕也和他们差不多。 　　dozing现在分词，作伴随状语。 　　Spring v. 跃出，触发，使爆炸 　　8　When they weren't looking at my face they looked at the canteen under my legs. 　　他们不是盯着我的脸，就是看着我腿下的水壶。 　　9　Jeff Barrett was the nearest one. A constant threat. 　　The bos'n's mate was a heavy man, bald, with a scarred and brutal face. He'd been in a hundred fights, and they'd left their marks on him. 　　Heavy: strong 　　副水手长很壮实，秃头，脸上有疤，一副凶相；他打架斗殴上百次，身上伤痕累累。 　　10　Barrett had been able to sleep-in fact, he'd slept through most of the night-and I envied him that. His eyes wouldn't close. They kept watching me, narrow and dangerous. 　　in fact, he'd slept through most of the night-and I envied him that. His eyes wouldn't close. They kept watching me, narrow and dangerous：事实上，头天夜里他大部分时间都在睡觉，这使我嫉妒他。他不肯合眼，眯着眼一直盯着我，十分可怕。 　　11　Every now and then he jeered at me in that hoarse, broken voice： 　　他时不时用他沙哑的嗓音，断断续续地取笑我。 　　12　"Why don't you quit? You can't hold out!" 　　"你干嘛不放手？你能坚持到底吗？" 　　13　 "Tonight," I said. "We'll ration the rest of the water tonight." 　　ration: to distribute 　　14　"By tonight some of us'll be dead! We want it now!" 　　15　"Tonight," I said. 　　"今晚，"我说。 　　16　Couldn't he understand that if we waited until night the few drops wouldn't be sweated out of us so fast? But Barrett was beyond all reasoning, His mind had already cracked with thirst. I saw him begin to rise, a calculating look in his eyes. I aimed the gun at his chest-and he sat down again. 　　Couldn't he understand that if we waited until night the few drops wouldn't be sweated out of us so fast?难道他不明白要我们等到天黑，我们喝下去的那几滴水就不会那么快变成汗流掉吗？ 　　beyond all reasoning: 不可理喻，和他讲理没有用。 　　His mind had already cracked with thirst.　口渴已使他失去了理智。 　　cracked with:（口语）因……疯狂，愚蠢。 　　I saw him begin to rise, a calculating look in his eyes.我看到他开始站起身来，目光露出一种老谋深算的神色。 　　17　I'd grabbed my gun on instinct, twenty days ago, just before running for the lifeboat. Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water. 　　on instinct: because of natural tendency 　　Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water: 除了这把枪别的任何东西也不可能阻止巴雷特和其他人接近那点水。 　　18　These fools-couldn't they see I wanted a drink as badly as any of them? But I was in command here - that was the difference. I was the man with the gun, the man who had to think. Each of the others could afford to think only of himself; I had to think of them all. 　　in command: 指挥，管辖，控制 　　Each of the others could afford to think only of himself; I had to think of them all：除我之外每个人都可以只为自己着想，而我必须为他们全体考虑。 　　Can/could afford sth/to do sth.：能够负担得起做某事 　　19　Barrett's eyes kept watching me, waiting. I hated him. I hated him all the more because he'd slept. As the boat rose and fell on the long swells, I could feel sleep creeping over me like paralysis. I bent my head. It filled my brain like a cloud. I was going, going… 　　I hated him all the more because he'd slept：他睡过觉，这让我更加恨他。 　　As the boat rose and fell on the long swells, I could feel sleep creeping over me like paralysis：船在平缓的海浪中一起一伏地漂流着，我觉得困倦之意渗透了全身，使我浑身无力。 　　I bent my head. It filled my brain like a cloud. I was going, going：我的脑袋耷拉下来。瞌睡使我的脑袋如坠云里雾里，我的知觉渐渐模糊，模糊… 　　20　Barrett stood over me, and I couldn't even lift the gun. In a vague way I could guess what would happen. He'd grab the water first and take his drop. By that time the others would be screaming and tearing at him, and he'd have to yield the canteen. Well, there was nothing more I could do about it. 　　In a vague way I could guess what would happen：我模模糊糊地想象以后会发生的事情。　 　　there was nothing more I could do about it：对此我已经无能为力了。 　　21　I whispered, "Take over, bos'n." 　　我低声说："水手长，交给你了。" 　　22　Then I fell face down in the bottom of the boat. I was asleep before I stopped moving… 　　然后我就一头栽进了船舱，还没等倒下去就进入梦乡了。 　　23　When a hand shook my shoulder, I could hardly raise my head. Jeff Barrett's hoarse voice said, "Here! Take your share o' the water!" 　　Here! Take your share o' the water："喂！快喝下你的那份水！" 　　rise vi 　　raise vt 　　24　Somehow I propped myself up on my arms, dizzy and weak. I looked at the men, and I thought my eyes were going, Their figures were dim, shadowy; but then I realized it wasn't because of my eyes. It was night. The sea was black; there were stars overhead. I'd slept the day away. 　　dim　a.模糊的 　　I'd slept the day away：我把白天睡过去了。 　　25　So we were in our twenty-first night adrift -the night in which the trap Croton finally picked us up -but now, as I turned my head to Barrett there was no sign of any ship. He knelt beside me, holding out the canteen, his other hand with the gun steady on the men. 　　So we were in our twenty-first night adrift -the night in which the trap Croton finally picked us up：原来我们已经进入了第二十一夜的海上漂流，也就是后来"克洛顿"号货船把我们从海上救起的那天夜里。 　　He knelt beside me, holding out the canteen, his other hand with the gun steady on the men：他跪在我的身旁，一只手端着水壶，另一只手握着枪对准其他水手。 　　26　I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage. Hadn't they finished that pint of water this morning? When I looked up at Barrett's ugly face, it was grim. He must have guessed my thoughts. 　　When I looked up at Barrett's ugly face, it was grim：我抬头看了看巴雷特那张丑陋的脸，他的脸色铁青。 　　It must have rained yesterday。 　　27　"You said, 'Take over, bos'n,' didn't you?" he growled. "I've been holding off these apes all day." He lifted the gun in his hand. "When you're boss-man," he added, "in command and responsible for the rest-you- you sure get to see things different, don't you?" 　　Hold off：与……保持距离；防备 　　I've been holding off these apes all day：我一直都防备着这帮笨蛋不让他们靠近。 　　"When you're boss-man," he added, "in command and responsible for the rest-you- you sure get to see things different, don't you?"："当你成了主事的人，"他接着说"你负起了责任，你要对他人负责的时候，你，你看问题肯定就不一样了，对不？" 　　Ⅲ.Vocabulary Exercises 　　3. Complete the following sentences. 　　1） Put suitable prepositions or adverbs. 　　（1）As the saying goes, misfortune never comes singly. A storm came on the heels of the earthquake and the people in the region suffered great losses. 　　come on the heel of：接踵而来 　　（2）With an amazed look on their faces, the children all listened to the adventure story. 　　（3）From the way he walked, I could tell that something was wrong with his leg. 　　（4）The monkey stretched out its hand, only to find the apple was beyond its reach. 　　reach out：伸展 　　reach for：（v.）伸手去够 　　（5）I missed part of the lecture because I dozed off for about 10 minutes. 　　doze off：打盹 　　（6）Please keep the children away from the poisonous plants in this garden. 　　keep …away from：使……远离 　　（7）William Tell aimed his arrow at the apple on the head of his son and hit his target without hurting the boy in the least. 　　（8）This man has been faced with countless temptations, but he has never given in to them. 　　be face with：面对 　　（9）For three hours, Jane was left in the darkness; a feeling of terror crept all over her. 　　（10）He's been unemployed for a whole year and is craving for a chance to work. 　　（11）The coach felt that he was responsible for his team's total failure in the championships. 　　be responsible for：对…负责 　　（12）I hope these new regulations will put a stop to drunk driving. 　　（13）In this family, the parents look upon/on their children as equals, and their wishes are honoured. 　　（14）The heatwave kept a lot of people in their air-conditioned houses. 　　（15）The children are looking forward to going to the zoo and seeing the baby elephant. 　　2）Choose the right

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from the brackets. 　　（1）They stopped arguing and glared at each other.（stared, glared） 　　stared凝视, 盯着看/ glared怒目而视 　　（2）Their village was bombed during the war, and they now live in half wrecked houses with no electricity or water supply.（damaged, wrecked） 　　damaged：损害程度小/ wrecked：破坏 　　（3）There was a violent protest outside the court, and a police officer was injured.（violent, brutal） 　　violent猛烈的,暴力引起的/ brutal残忍的, 兽性的 　　（4）I'd had enough of college and decided to quit.（quit, stop） 　　（5）The man took out a gun and everyone started screaming.（shouting, screaming） 　　shouting喊叫，呼叫/ screaming尖叫 　　4. Choose the best word for each blank. 　　 With the（1）introduction（development, introduction, invention, usage）of the radio, newspaper publishers（2）wondered（doubted, guessed, thought, wondered）how broadcasting would（3）affect（affect, change, influence, make）them. Many feared that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people（4）informed（heard, informed, known, told）would displace the newspaper industry altogether. 　　Others hoped that the（5）brief（brief, limited, short, small ）newscast heard on the air would stimulate listeners' interest in the story so they'd buy the paper to get more information. This second idea turned（6）out（against, into , to, out）to be closer to the truth. Radio and print were not substitutes for each other but（7）actually（actually, contrarily, hardly, really）supported each other. You see the relationship between different media is not always one of displacement but can be one of reinforcement. However this is not always the（8） case（case, fact, situation, truth）.Take television and motion pictures（9）for（as, for, like, to）example. With the（10）popularity（fame, reputation, popularity, popularization）of TV, the motion picture suffered greatly. Movie attendance dropped when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.（11）Likewise（Alike, Like, Likely, Likewise）, when a football game was shown（12）on（by, in, on, over） the air, the stands were often empty because fans chose to watch the game at home. 　　Ⅳ.Grammar & Usage 　　Tag Questions 　　1.附加疑问句的构成 　　由两部分构成：陈述句+附加成分。附加成分也由两部分构成：助动词或be的一种形式+人称代词（应与陈述句的主语相应） 　　附加疑问句主要用于口语，表示期望对方的同意或对所陈述之事的首肯。 　　附加疑问句有下列几种形式： 　　1）肯定陈述句+否定附加成分（附加成分除极为正式场合或老式英语中都要用缩略形式） 　　2）否定的陈述句+肯定附加成分 　　2.附加疑问句的几点特殊用法 　　1）凡是带有 no, none, no one, nobody, nothing, hardly, seldom, rarely, never, barely, few, little, neither 等否定词的陈述句，都应看作否定陈述句，后面接肯定附加成分。 　　seldom：He seldom goes to park, does he? 　　2）当陈述句的主语为everybody, everyone, someone, somebody, anyone, nobody, no one, neither, none时，附加成分中的代词一般用they. 　　Everyone at the party had a good time，didn't they？ 　　3）陈述部分是there引导的存在句时，附加成分由助动词或be的一种形式+there构成。 　　4）陈述部分是肯定的 I'm…结构时，附加成分为aren't I。 　　（在老式或极为正式的英语中用：I am late, am I not?） 　　5）陈述部分是一个带有that从句作宾语的主从结构时，附加成分应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。 　　注意：当陈述部分的主句是I think, I suppose, I believe 等时，附加成分往往与that从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意I don't think 等结构对从句的否定用法。 　　For example: I suppose you are here to study, aren't you? 　　I don't think he came here just to say goodbye, did he? 　　如果想核实对方的看法是否与你一致，附加部分则与主句相应。 　　6） 在祈使句后加上一个附加疑问成分可缓和语气，附加成分一般用will you和would you,但也可用won't you或can't you. 　　7）Let's 型祈使句中附加成分用shall we。 　　8）陈述部分带有used to时，附加成分用did形式，偶尔用used to形式。 　　有的语法书将used not 缩略式定为usedn't to, 这是老式的用法，现在很少有人使用。 　　3.附加疑问句的回答 　　要针对所陈述的

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，不受附加疑问成分的制约。 　　Exercises 　　1. Add a suitable tag to each of the following statements. 　　 1）They used to climb the mountain every morning, didn't they? 　　 2）You had trouble finding this place, didn't you? 　　 3）Someone turned the radio down, didn't they? 　　 4）Birds rarely fly north in winter, do they? 　　 5）I don't think he has finished the term paper, has he? 　　 6）Learning how to speak good English takes a long time, doesn't it? 　　 7）He'd rather you didn't do it, wouldn't he? 　　 8）No one is allowed to enter the room, are they? 　　 9）We have saved very little this month, have we? 　　 10）Let's have a good talk, shall we? 　　4.Put in the blanks the correct form of the verbs in the brackets （revision：tenses and voices）. 　　What a coincidence（巧合）that your letter with the newspaper clipping "Riches of the Sea" （1）arrived（arrive）the same day the science department here（2）was presenting（present）a lecture on oceanography（海洋地理学）! I（3）had planed （plan）to go to a movie that night, but after I（4）got（get）your letter I（5）decided（decide）to attend the lecture instead, and I（6）am（be）certainly glad I（7）did（do）. 　　As you know, what I（8）wanted（want） to do after I finished school（9）was（be）never very clear to me. Dad always（10）wants（want）me to be a teacher but now I（11）believe（believe） I（12）would like（like）to be an oceanographer. Until the lecture, I always（13）had thought（think）of the ocean as just a vast body of water where one（14）swims/swam（swim）（15）rides/rode（ride） the surf, or（16）takes/took（take）a ship for some far-off place. Dr. Brown, the lecturer, （17）made（make）me realize that the ocean（18）is/was （be）a great new frontier, with untold potential as a source of food and of other products valuable to mankind. He（19）talked （talk） about the new developments taking place in ocean research these days. I（20）will try（try）to give you a brief summary of some of the things he（21）mentioned（mention）.