初中英语被动语态教案

被动语态 被动语态 1. 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 含义：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。I beat Fujian. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Fujian is beaten by me. 2. 被动语态的构成: 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随人称、数和时态的变化而变化。 The apple is eaten by me. I am respected by my students. Many trees were planted by us last year. 3. 主动语态变被动语态的方法: We  Visited  that factory . 主动语态 主语  谓语    宾语      That factory  was visited  by us . 被动语态 主语      谓语      宾语  方法: （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态的主语的人称和数和主动语态句子中时态来决定be的形式）。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格, 有时by短语可以省略。 主动语态                    被动语态 He cut down a tree.  →　A tree was cut down by him. All the people laughed at him. →　He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.  → The bikes are made by them in the factory. Exercise: 1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.  A are held                B were held                C．are holding          D．will ho1d 2. --Do you often clean your classroom? --Yes. Our classroom __________every day.  A. clean                    B. cleans              C. is cleaned 3. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden． A．plant    B．planted        C．have planted      D．were planted 填空：将主动语态改为被动语态 1. He writes this book. This book _______   _______  _______  him. 2. The children will sing an English song. An English song ______  ______  _______ by the children. : ACD   is written by; will be sung 4. 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； Three people were injured in the traffic accident. This book was published in 2000. 2．强调动作的承受者。 This play was written by Shakespeare. 5．主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题 1). 含有双宾语句子的被动语态 含有双宾语的句子： 句子含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。通常是间接宾语变为主语。 ▲需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语与谓语动词之间加上介词“to” 或“for”。 eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态） （被动语态） 间宾变为主语：We are often told interesting stories by him. 直宾变为主语：Interesting stories are often told to us by him.    ▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等。 He told us a story．（变被动语态） →We         a story（by him）． A story                 by him． 2). 含复合宾语句子的被动语态 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。 eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） l 有这种用法的常用动词有：使役动词have, make, get, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等 They made him go there alone. -----He was made to go there alone. Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动） He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday. 3). 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开，其中的介词或副词不能省略。 eg.(1)The manager puts off the meeting till Friday. The meeting is put off till Friday. She will take good care of the children．（变被动语态） The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）． 4). 只有及物动词和可带宾语的动词才有被动语态。不及物动词不能用于被动语态 take place/ come true/ happen/break down/break out等。 eg.         All your dreams will come true if you try your best.(正确) All your dreams will be come true if you try your best. (错误) 5).当sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等动词若有状语well, easily, badly来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。 eg.  The pen writes well. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 6. 常见的句型结构： It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......) It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）...... It is(was)well known that......众所周知 It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然 It must be remembered that......务必记住...... It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记...... 这些常见句型很有用，可以用到写作中，所以能记住尽量记住！ Exercise: 1. His school bag     by a woman ten minutes ago . A. took away      B. was taken away      C. was taken off      D. is taken 2. These books     well . A. sells      B. are being sold      C. are sold      D. sell 3. Everybody here was     a present . A. gave      B. given      C. To give      D. Giving 4. This shirt     silk . A. must be made in    B. make by    C. must be made of    D. must be made by 5. More trees     next year . A. will be planted      B. will plant      C. have planted      D. are planting 6. This kind of machine     Japan . A. is made by      B. is made from    C. is made in      D. is made of 7. Great changes     place since he came here .