2019年高考英语二轮复习 增分篇 专题巧突破 专题四 任务型阅 专题限时检测（二十六）任务型阅读（三）

2019年高考英语二轮复习 增分篇 专题巧突破 专题四 任务型阅 专题限时检测（二十六）任务型阅读（三） (2017·苏、锡、常、镇高三三模) Molecules (分子) found on phones reveal lifestyle secrets What does your phone say about you? Molecules found on mobile phones reveal an astonishing amount of information about the owner's health and lifestyle — including their food preferences and medication. Californian scientists found traces of everything from caffeine and spices to skin creams and antidepressants (抗抑郁药物) on 40 phones they tested. We leave traces of molecules, chemicals and bacteria on everything we touch. Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent the transfer to everyday objects, the researchers said. Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光谱测定), the University of California, San Diego research team tested 500 samples taken from 40 adults' mobile phones and hands. They then compared them with molecules identified in a database and produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner. Dr Amina Bouslimani, an assistant project scientist on the study, said the results were revealing. “By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones, we could tell if a person is likely to be female, uses high­end cosmetics (化妆品), dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer to wine, likes spicy food, is being treated for depression, wears sunscreen and bug spray — and therefore likely to spend a lot of time outdoors — all kinds of things，” she said. Most of the molecules are thought to be transferred from people's skin, hands and sweat to their phone. Mosquito repellents (驱蚊剂) and sunscreens were found to stay for a particularly long time on people's skin and phones, even when they had not been used for months. Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin. The study said the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints. It could also check if patients were taking their medication. Besides, it could provide useful information about a person's exposure to pollution. The researchers now want to find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin — and what they reveal about us. Senior author Prof Pieter Dorrestein said there were at least 1,000 different microbes living on the average person's skin, in hundreds of locations on the body. Molecules (分子) found on phones reveal lifestyle secrets Research result Your mobile phones convey a large amount of information on your personal health and lifestyle. (1)______ research People who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin. Research (2)______ ● Molecules, chemicals and bacteria can be traced on mobile phones (3)________the habit of washing hands thoroughly. ●With the help of a(n) (4) ________， researchers tested 500 samples from 40 phones. ●(5)________ the samples with molecules identified in a database, scientists produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner. ●Based on the (6)________ of the molecules, scientists could tell a person's gender, habits, hobbies, etc. Practical application ●The testing method can tell an object's owner's (7)________ in the absence of fingerprints. ●Information about a person's medication can be checked. ●How much a person is (8) ________to pollution can be traced. (9)______ research The researchers want to have a better (10) ________of bacteria covering our skin. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，手机上的分子会泄露有关其主人的健康和生活方式方面的信息。 1．Previous　信息概括题。根据格右栏的及第四段最后一句“Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days ... on their skin.”可知，此处讲的是先前的研究成果。 2．details/information　信息概括题。根据第二、三段的内容及表格右栏中的信息可知，此处介绍的是研究的具体情况/信息。 3．despite　信息转换题。根据第二段中的“...Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent ...”可知，即使你有彻底洗手的习惯，手机上也会留下分子、化学品和细菌的痕迹。 4．technique　直接信息题。根据第二段中的“Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光谱测定)”可知，研究人员使用了一种被称作光谱测定法的技术。 5．Comparing　信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句话中的“They then compared them with molecules identified in a database”可知，研究人员将收集的样本与他们在数据库中找到的分子进行了比较。 6．analysis/analyses　信息转换题。根据第三段第二句话中的“By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones ...”可知，根据对分子的研究，研究人员可以辨别一个人的性别、习惯、爱好等。 7．identity/identification　信息转换题。根据第五段第一句话中的“the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints”可知，即使没有指纹，这种测验方式也可以识别出物体的主人的身份。 8．exposed　信息转换题。根据第五段最后一句话中的“... about a person's exposure to pollution”可知，这种测验方式能提供有关一个人接触污染的程度的信息。 9．Future/Further　信息概括题。根据表格右栏中的信息及最后一段的内容尤其是“find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin ...”可知，此处内容有关未来的/进一步的研究。 10．understanding/knowledge　信息转换题。根据最后一段第一句话中的“find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin”可知，研究人员想要更好地了解我们皮肤上的细菌。 B (2017·苏州高三一模) Are we more narcissistic (自恋的) than ever before? Like the flower, narcissism has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism. Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form. Grandiose (浮夸) narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted (外向) form. The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better­looking and more important than others. And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact. In fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people. On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring. Vulnerable (脆弱) narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism. It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low self­confidence and are not typically extraverted. Imagine someone living in his mum's small room. He spends his evenings watching The X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act. Unfortunately, he hasn't the confidence to do it and instead becomes a netizen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet community. The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a person's life — marriages fall apart, friends are lost, a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disorder — narcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD ), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this. For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets your attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes.For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following. First, people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problem — everyone else does. Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment. Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn't been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration. Still, I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with. Are we more narcissistic (自恋的) than ever before？ Current situations about narcissism ·Narcissism has developed to become a part of culture. ·Narcissism is more (1)________ than expected in psychology. (2)______ of narcissism in divided types ·A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness. ·A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated (3)________． ·A narcissist is often cold and likely to (4)________ care in emotion towards others. ·Vulnerable narcissism is more (5)________ than grandiose narcissism. ·A narcissist isn't actually confident though in his opinion he (6)________ special things. ·Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic, affecting the personal life. The approaches to treating narcissism or NPD ·Be more considerate, do favorite things and take (7)________ for whatever they do. ·Try to (8)________ by making more friends, doing exercise and so on. ·Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to (9)________ treatment. The future trend ·Narcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media. ·Narcissism can be (10)________ if handled actively in proper ways. 1．complicated/complex　信息转换题。根据第一段中的“But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture”可知，心理学上的自恋不仅仅是一个简单的问题，显然此处是在暗示其是“复杂的”问题，所以填complicated/complex。 2．Features/Characteristics　信息概括题。根据文章第二至四段及表格右栏的内容可知，这里说的是自恋的“特点”，所以填Features/Characteristics。 3．specially　信息转换题。根据第二段中的“he or she gets special treatment for this fact”可知，自恋者认为自己应该被“特别地(specially)”对待。 4．lack　信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句可知，从相反的角度来看，自恋者之间的关系通常缺乏情感上的温暖和关怀。故填lack。 5．hidden/concealed　信息转换题。根据第三段第二句可知，脆弱型自恋比浮夸型自恋更难观察到，这就暗示出，脆弱型自恋是更为隐蔽的(hidden/concealed)。 6．deserves　信息转换题。根据第三段中的“Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment ...”可知，脆弱型自恋者认为他们有权利得到特殊的对待，即他们认为自己应得到特殊的对待，所以填deserves，意思是“值得，应得”。 7．responsibility　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“being responsible for your mistakes”可知，此处指要对自己的错误负责。根据此空的结构来判断，要用responsible的名词形式构成固定搭配take responsibility for ...“对……负责任”。 8．relax　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety.”可知，作者在此处建议要增加可以减轻压抑和忧虑的练习，即要放松(relax)。 9．refuse　信息转换题。根据第五段中的“people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment”可知，患这种疾病的人通常不愿意接受治疗，故此处指帮助他们不要拒绝(refuse)治疗。 10．changed/changeable　信息转换题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，此处指如果自恋得以正确处理的话，自恋这一状况可得到改变。故此处可填changed/changeable。