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人教版八年级英语上册第一单元语法知识点归纳

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人教版八年级英语上册第一单元语法知识点归纳Unit 1 一、词组、短语: 1、go on vacation去度假 , 2、stay at home 呆在家, 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山 , 4、go to the beach到海边去, 5、visit museums 参观博物馆, 6、go to summer camp 去夏令营, 7、quite a few 相当多, 8、study for为……学习, 9、go out 出去, 10、most of the time大部分时间/绝大多数时间,...
人教版八年级英语上册第一单元语法知识点归纳
Unit 1 一、词组、短语: 1、go on vacation去度假 , 2、stay at home 呆在家, 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山 , 4、go to the beach到海边去, 5、visit museums 参观博物馆, 6、go to summer camp 去夏令营, 7、quite a few 相当多, 8、study for为……学习, 9、go out 出去, 10、most of the time大部分时间/绝大多数时间, 11、taste good 尝起来味道好, 12、have a good time玩的开心, 13、of course当然可以, 14、feel like感觉像……/想要, 15、go shopping购物, 16、in the past 在过去, 17、walk around绕……走, 18、too many 太多(可数名词前面), 19、because of 因为, 20、one bowl of 一碗……, 21、find out 查出来/发现 , 22、go on继续, 23、take photos 照相, 24、something important重要的事情, 25、up and down上上下下, 26、come up出来 二、习惯用法、搭配 1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢? 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 三、重点句子 1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的? 1)这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点或场所,用于句首,其后跟一般疑问句。 如:Where are you from? Where does he live? 2)go on vacation“去度假 ” He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。 【解析】 vacation [və'keɪʃn] n 假期 = holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假 ①I have a lot of _______________every year . (vacation) ( ) ② — Where did Sarah go on vacation? — She went to America. A. on vacation B. take a vacation C. is on vacation D. is for vacation 2、Did you go with anyone?你和别人一起去的吗? 这是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句。当含有实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句变为一般疑问句时,需借助助动词did,此时后面的实义动词应用原形。其句型结构为“did+主语+动词原形+其它?”,肯定回答为“Yes,主语+did”,否定回答为“No,主语+didn′t” · 基本用法 pron. anyone 任何人,相当于anybody,通常用在否定句、疑问句或条件从句中。 如: I won‟t tell anyone I saw you here. 我不会告诉任何人我在这儿见过你。 Why would anyone want that job? 为什么会有人想要那份工作呢? 知识拓展---同类词 Some - any- no- every- 指人 someone 有人 anyone 任何人 anybody no one 没有人nobody everyone 人人 everybody 指物 something 某物 anything 任何事 nothing 没有事 everything 一切事 指地点 somewhere 某地 anywhere 任何地方 nowhere 无处,没有地方 everywhere 到处 注意: (1)由some-, any-, no-, every-构成的符合不定代词作主语时,都作单数看待,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 (2)不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后,作后置定语。 如: I‟d like something to drink. 我想要些喝的。 Is there anything interesting in the book? 这本书中有有趣的东西吗? 小结:【解析1】someone [sʌmwʌn] pron 某人anyone [eniwʌn] pron 任何人 everyone [evriwʌn] pron 每人,人人 3.visited my uncle 看望了我的叔叔 visit是及物动词,意为“拜访;探望”,后接示人的名词或代词。 visit还可以意为“参观;游览”,后接表示地点的名词。 a. I visited my grandmother last week. 上周我去______了我的外婆。 b. b.Do you want to visit Shanghai? 你想______上海吗? 拓展:visitor意为“参观者;游客”。 These visitors come from America.____________________ 3.buy anything special 买特别的东西。(P2) 1)buy及物动词,意为“买;购买”。其过去式为______。 拓展:buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意为“给某人买某物”。 My uncle_____ _____a bike.= My uncle_____ _____for me. 2) anything不定代词,意为“某事;某件东西”,主要用于疑问句或否定句中。 a. Do you want to buy anything for me? b.I can‟t say anything about it. 3) anthing special表示“特别的东西”,形容词修饰不定代词时后置。 Is there________ ________in this book?这本书里有新的内容吗? 4.Oh, did you go anywhere interesting?哦,你去有趣的地方了吗?(P2) 1)本句是did开头的一般疑问句 2)anywhere用作副词,意为“在任何地方”。 eg:Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation? 辨析:anywhere与somewhere anywhere意为“在任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。 eg:I can‟t find it anywhere. somewhere意为“在某处;到某处”,常用于肯定句中。 eg:I lost my key somewhere near here. 5.We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。(P2) take photos 意为“照相;拍照”。 eg:We______ ______on the Great Wall.我们在长城上照了相。 辨析:quite a few与quite a little quite a few 意为“很多;不少”,修饰可数名词复数; quite a little 意为“很多;不少”,修饰不可数名词。 a. He stays here for _____ _____ _____days. b.There is _____ _____ _____water in the bottle(瓶子). 6. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 我大部分时间只是待在家里读书休息。 (P2) most of the time意为“大部分时间”,其中most为代词,意为“大部分;大多数” 拓展most of…意为“……中的大多数”,它作主语时,谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词。 a.Most of us_____(be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。 b. Most of the food_____(go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。 7. Everything tasted really good!所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃!(P3) taste在此为系动词,意为“尝起来”,其后接形容词构成系表结构。 a. The food tastes really great.食物尝起来棒极了。 8. Did everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很开心吗?(P3) have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心 (+ doing) eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. = We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall. = We had fun visiting the the Great Wall. 9.How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样?(P3) How do/did you like……? 意为“你觉得……怎么样?”,用来询问对方的观点或看法,相当What do you think of……? eg: How do you like your new job? = _____ _____ _____ _____ your new job? 10.Did you go shopping? 你们去购物了吗?(P3) go shopping意为“去购物;去买东西”,同义短语为do some shopping. eg: I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去购物。 拓展:“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”,常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。 go skating 去滑冰go hiking 去远足 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳go boating 去划船 11.I went to a friend‟s farm in the countryside with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个朋友的农场。(P3) a friend’s farm是名词所有格形式。 一般情况下,表示“有生命的人或物”的名词后面加‟s,表示所属关系。 eg:The red bike is Alice‟s. 那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的。 拓展:名词所有格的构成: 1)单数名词词尾加‟s ,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加‟s the girl ‘s pen女孩的钢笔 women’s shoes女鞋 on Children’s Day 2)复数名词以s结尾的只加 ‟ the students’ reading room学生阅览室 Teachers’ Day教师节 3)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有‟s,则表示“分别有”;只后一个名词有一个‟s,则表示“共有”: John’s and Kate’s rooms. 约翰和凯特(各自)的房间。 Lily and Lucy’s father. 莉莉和露西的爸爸(同一个爸爸)。 4)表示无生命的名词一般以...of...构成短语,表示所有关系。 a map of China一幅中国地图 the name of the story那个故事的名字 12. Still no one seemed to be bored. (即使这样)仍然没有人看起来无聊。(P3) 1)seem意为“好像;似乎;看来”。eg:Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。 拓展 a. seem+adj. “看起来……”。 You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。 b. seem+to do sth. “似乎,好像做某事”。 I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。=It seems that I have a cold. c. It seems/seemed+从句 “看起来好像…;似乎…”。It seems that no one believes you.看起来好像没有人相信 2)辨析:bored与boring a. bored意为“厌烦的;感到无聊的”,一般在句中修饰人。 b. boring意为“无聊的;令人厌烦的”,一般在句中修饰事或物。 eg:a. I’m ______with what he said.我对他说的话厌烦极了。 b. I find the story very_______.我发现这个故事太无聊了。 (二)Section B 1. What activities do you find enjoyable? 你发现什么活动让人快乐?(P5) enjoyable形容词,意为“愉快的;快乐的”。 I‟m sure we will have an enjoyable vacation. 我确信我们将会有一个愉快的假期。 2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。(P5 ) arrive不及物动词,意为“到达”。arrive in表示到达较大的地方,如国家、省、市等;arrive at表示到达 较小的地方,如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。(注:地点副词home,here,there前介词省略) 辨析:①arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 ②get to +地点 ③reach+地点 eg:I (到达) school at 8:00 o‟clock yesterday. 3. …so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel… 因此我们决定到旅馆附近的海滩上去。(P5) decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。 eg: They _____ ______ ______the museum.他们决定去参观博物馆。 拓展:decide后常跟“疑问词+动词不定式”做宾语。He can’t decide when ______ _____(leave) 他不能决定何时动身。 4. My sister and I tried paragliding.姐姐和我尝试了滑翔伞运动。(P5) try此处用作及物动词,其后常接名词、动名词或不定式,意为“尝试;试图,设法;努力” She is trying my bicycle.她正在试骑我的自行车。 拓展:try也可用作名词,意为“尝试”,常用短语“have a try”,意为“试一试”。I want to have a try.我想试一试。 辨析:try doing sth. / try to do sth. 1)try doing sth. 尝试做某事,表示一种尝试、做做看的想法,不一定付出很多努力。 2)try to do sth.尽力、设法去做某事,表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成,强调付出努力设法去完成。 a. I ______ ______ him, but no one answered. 我试着给他打电话了,但没有人接听。 b. I‟m ______ ______ ______ English well. 我正尽力把英语学好。 5. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! 我感觉自己就像一只小鸟。太刺激了!(P5) 1)feel like意为“给……的感觉;感受到”。其后常接从句。 eg: He feels like he is swimming. 他感觉像在游泳一样。 拓展:feel like还可意为“想要……”,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。即: feel like sth. 想要某物 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 eg:Do you feel like a cup of tea now? 你现在想要一杯茶吗? Do you feel like ______ (take) a walk in the park with me? 你想跟我在公园散步吗? 2)辨析:exciting与excited exciting 意为“令人兴奋的,使人激动的”, 一般修饰某物。 excited 意为“感到兴奋的,激动的”, 一般修饰某人。 Eg:a.The story is_________(exciting, excited) . b.He told me the_______(exciting, excited)news. c.Sarah was_______(exciting, excited)to see the singer. 6. There are a lot of new buildings now…现在有许多新的建筑物……(P5) building 可数名词,意为“建筑物;楼房”。 build 动词,“建造,建筑” (built,built), The workers built many tall buildings in our school last year. 7. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道在这儿过去的生活是什么样的。(P5) wonder此处是及物动词,意为“想知道;琢磨”。其后常接who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Eg:1.I wonder _______________. 我想知道那个男孩是谁。A. the boy is who B. who the boy is 2. I wonder what they were doing here.我想知道他去哪里了。 8. I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。 (P5) 1)enjoy及物动词,意为“喜爱;欣赏;享受……的乐趣”,其后接名词,代词或动名词作宾语。 a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗? b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜欢读书。(enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事) 拓展: enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fun 玩得开心 (+ doing sth.) 2) walk around 意为“四处走走”。He‟s just walking around the village.他只是在村庄里随便走走。 9. What a difference a day makes! 一天的变化有多大呀! (P5) difference可数名词,意为“差别,差异” ;其形容词形式为different,意为“不同的;有差异的”。 Eg: a. What is the difference between this book and that book? b. My schoolbag is different from yours. ( be different from 意为“与……不同”) 10. We wanted to walk up to the top , but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.(P5) 1)want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”。 2)start doing sth. 意为“开始做某事”,同义短语:start to do sth. Eg: Tom started learning English last year. 3)a little 意为“一点儿”,在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词。也可以修饰不可数名词。 Eg: a. I can draw a little, but only as a hobby. ______________________________ b. It‟s a little cold outside. ______________________________ c. He can speak a little English. ______________________________ 4) take the train意为“乘火车”,take在此意为“乘坐”。 11.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多,所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。(P5) 1)wait for意为“等候”,其后可接人或物。 Tom was waiting for a bus over there. 2)over介词,意为“多于;超过” ,相当于more than。 Eg : My father is over 40 years old. Here are over eight hundred students in our school. 3) too many意为“太多”,其后接可数名词复数。 He always has too many questions to ask me. 辨析:too many + 可数名词复数 意为“太多... ” too much + 不可数名词意为“太多... ” much too + 形容词 /副词 意为“太... ” eg:I have homework to do today. The weather today is ______ _______ cold. 12.And because of the bad weather, we couldn‟t see anything below.而且因为坏天气,我们也没能看到下面的 任何景色(P5) 辨析:because of与because a. because of意为“因为,由于”,后可接名词(短语)、代词或动名词,不能接句子。 He lost his job because of his age. H:\fanwen caiji two\奥运是窗口我是守望者演讲.docb. because意为“因为”,引导状语从句,即接句子。 I didn‟t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 13. My father didn‟t bring enough money… 我爸爸没带足够的钱……(P5) 1)辨析:bring与take bring意为“带来;拿来”, 指从别处带到说话者所在地。 take意为“拿走;带走”, 指从说话者所在地带到别处去。 2)enough 意为“足够的,充分的” 1.用来修饰形容词或副词,一般置于被修饰词之后。 2.用来修饰名词时放在名词之前。 Eg:a. We have enough time to do our homework. b. The box is big enough. 14. …because we forgot to bring an umbrella… 因为我们忘了带雨伞。(P6) 辨析:forget to do sth.与forget doing sth. forget to do sth. 意为“忘记要做某事(事情还没做)”eg: Don‟t forget to close the window. forget doing sth. 意为“忘记做过某事(事情已经做过了)” eg: I forget closing the window. 15. About one hour later, we stopped and drank some tea. 大约一小时后,我们停下来喝了些茶。(P6) 1)one hour later 一小时后 ; 一小时前__________________ 2)stop动词,意为“停止;中断”,过去式_________,现在分词__________; 3)drink及物动词,意为“喝;饮”; 还可以作名词,意为“饮料”。 16. Did you dislike anything? 你不喜欢什么东西吗?(P7) dislike意为“不喜欢;厌恶”,其后可接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。 Eg:a. Mary ______ the hamburgers. 玛丽不喜欢汉堡包。 b. I _____ ______ computer 我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。 17. Why not? 为什么不带呀?(P8) why not意为“为什么不呢”,一般用在疑问句中,表示提建议;why not后面需跟动词原形。 注“Why not + 动词原形?” 相当于“Why don‟t you+ 动词原形?” a. Why not go to the party with me? =Why don‟t you go to the party with me?为什么不和我一起去参加聚会呢? b._____ _____ take a walk? = _____ ______ _____ take a walk? 为什么不去散步呢? 18.Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water. 我们班上的每一个人都随身带了装有食物和水的提袋。(P8) with介词,意为“具有;带有”。 此处介词短语with some food and water作bag的后置定语。 拓展:with作介词时的其他用法: a.“和……一起’ I often go to school ______ my friend. 我经常和朋友们一起去上学。 b. 以(手段、材料),用(工具), Cut the apple with a knife. 用刀切苹果。 19. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。(P8) so…that… / such…that…(如此…以致)引导的结果状语从句 so+adj./adv.+that… Eg:1. He is ____lovely a boy____we love him very much. 2. The little boy is so young that he can’t go to school. 20. 常用的感叹句的结构: 1)What +adj.+ 复数名词 / 不可数名词+主语+谓语! 2)What +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 3)How +adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 4)How+adj./adv. +主语+谓语! eg: 1.What an interesting book it is! = How interesting a book is! 那本书多么有趣啊! 2.____a clever girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How D.Where 3. _____clever a girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How D.Where 4._____important jobs they have done! A.What B.Who C.How D.Where 5._____sweet water it is! A.Who B.What C.Where D. How 6._____interesting the dog is! A.Who B.What C. Where D. How 21. My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on. 我的同学告诉我坚持往前走,因此我便继续前 进了(P8) 1)tell sb. (not)to do sth. 意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事。 The teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ the window just now. 老师刚才告诉我们擦窗户。 2)keep doing sth. 意为“继续做某事,一直做某事”。 She______ ______ TV for two hours last night. 昨晚她持续看了两个小时的电视。 23. Everyone jumped up and down in excitement. 大家都兴奋地跳起来。(P8) up and down 意为“上上下下;来来回回”,在句中作状语。 Eg:They looked me ______ ______ ______. 他们上上下下打量我。 He walks______ ______ ______ in the room. 他在房间里来回走动。 22. 反身代词:myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves. 作动词或介词的宾语:经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, dress, kill等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。一年主考宾语回自身 He is teaching himself English.她在自学英语。 She was talking to herself.她自言自语。 He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。 1) Help yourself! 请随便吃吧!/请自己去取吧! 2) 2) Make yourself at home! 别客气! 3) make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解 4) 4) teach oneself 自学=learn by oneself 5) 5) by oneself 独自 6) for oneself 为自己;替自己 7) enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 8) dress oneself 给自己穿衣 23.few, little, a few, a little :的用法few, a few修饰可数名词,little, a little修饰不可数名词。few, little具有否定意义,表示“几乎没有”,a few, a little具有肯定意义,表示“一些”。 He has little money, but few students want to lend money to him.他几乎没有钱,但是几乎没有学生想借钱给他。 There is a little milk and a few apples left in the fridge.冰箱里还有一些牛奶和一些苹果。
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