英语语法之名词专项练习

英语语法之名词专项练习 二. 知识归纳、分析与 1. 名词的定义 名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。 例如： worker 工人  desk 桌子 hospital 医院  time 时间 honesty 诚实 2. 名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词 普通名词：表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 老师 tea 茶 reform 改革 专有名词： 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京 名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。 a book 一本 two books 两本书 不可数名词：不分单,复数；抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙 sugar 糖 有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃 glass 玻璃杯 paper 纸 paper 报纸,文件 3. 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。 This is a good book. book 作表语。 这是一本好书。 We elected him our monitor. monitor作宾语补助语。 我们选他为我们的班长。 Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语。 玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。 He is a Party member. Party 作定语. 他是一名党员。 They study hard day and night. day and night作状语。 他们不分白天黑夜地学习。 4. 名词的数 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 表示一个人或事物用单数形式, 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。 a book 一本书 two books 两本书 a bag 一个包 three bags 三个包 名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化, 如： a pen, a bed, a room, an English book。 名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加 —s 或 —es 构成,名词复数形式变化如下。 构成 读音 例词 一般情况下,在词尾加 —s. 1. 在清辅音后读/s/. 2. 在浊辅音、元音后读/z/. 1.maps /s/ desks /s/ 2.days/z/ dogs/z/ 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后面加—es +es 读/iz/ class—classes/siz/ box—boxes/siz/ brush—brushes/iz/ watch—watches/tiz/ 以e结尾的名词后面加—s +s读/iz/ houses/ziz/ horses/ziz/ 以 —f 或 —fe 结尾的名词,把 —f 或—fe 变成 —ves —ves读/vz/ bookshelves/vz/ wives/vz/ knives/vz/ 以辅音+y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i ,再加 es —ies读/iz/ cities/iz/ babies/iz/ factories/iz/ 以辅音 + o 结尾的名词,加 —es, —s 读/z/ heroes/z/ potatoes/z/ tomatoes/z/       注：极少数名词虽然以—o 或者—f 结尾, 变成复数则只加 —s,为数不多, 如 radios, pianos, photos, roofs 等。 英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆，常见的有，man — men, woman — women, foot — feet, tooth — teeth, mouse — mice, ox — oxen, sheep — sheep, dear — dear, fish – fish 英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。 scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯 people 人  police 警察 stockings 长裤 socks短袜 boots 靴子  5. 名词的格 在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。 The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。 bird 作主语, 是主格。 I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。 film 作宾语,是宾格。 名词的所有格： 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。 Lu Xun’s book is worth reading. 鲁迅的书值得一读。 This is my father’s room. 这是我父亲的房间。 以—s 或 —es 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 “ ’ ”。 There are many students’ exercise books here. 这儿有许多学生的练习本。 复合名词的所有格 “’s” 加在后面的名词之后。 This is my son—in—law’s bike. 这是我女婿的自行车。 如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加 " ’s "。 We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhang’s room. 我们参观了小李和小张的房间。 名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如前文已经提到,或者指地点。 The book is not mine, but Li Hua’s. 这本书不是我的，是李华的。 I had my hair cut in the barber’s. 我在理发店理发了。 表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与 of 构成短语表示前者属于后者。 It’s a map of China. 它是一幅中国地图。 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 【典型例题】 1. We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato     B. potatos     C. potatoes     D. potatoe 答案：C 句意：我们需要更多的土豆。你能带过来一些吗？ 解析：potato 土豆是可数名词。因为有some修饰所以potato要用复数形式。以辅音+o结尾的名词后面要+es。所以C. potatoes是正确答案。 2. What big____ the tiger has! A. tooth     B. teeth     C. tooths     D. toothes 答案：B 句意：老虎长着多么大、多么锋利的牙齿呀！ 解析：牙齿tooth的复数形式是teeth 3. Please remember to give the horse some tree___. A. leafs    B. leaves    C. leaf    D. leave 答案：B 句意：请记得喂马一些树叶。 解析：树叶leaf是以f结尾的，所以它的复数形式是变f为v，再加es 4. —Can we have some ___? —Yes, please. A. banana    B. oranges    C. apple    D. pear 答案：B 句意：—能给我们一些橘子吗？—好的。 解析：some 修饰名词复数。四个选项中只有B. oranges是复数。 5. On the table there are five____. A. tomatos     B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes     D. tomato 答案：C 句意：桌子上有五个西红柿。 解析：tomato ,辅音+o结尾的名词变复数后面要加es 【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟） 一. 单项选择 1. They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas     B. photos     C. information     D. stories 2. He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices         B. some advice C. an advice         D. a advice 3. When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news     B. a news    C. the news     D. news 4. What___ lovely weather it is! A. /    B. the     C. an     D. a 5. —Would you like___ tea? —No, thanks. I have drunk two____. A. any, bottles of orange     B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges     D. few, bottle of oranges 6. He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat. A. two breads         B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread    D. two pieces of breads 7. It really took him：___ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes    B. hour     C. long time     D. some time 8. I would like to have___. A. two glasses of milk     B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks     D. two glass of milks 9. Can you give me ____? A. a tea     B. some cup of tea     C. a cup tea     D. a cup of tea 10. Please give me ___ paper. A. one     B. a piece     C. a     D. a piece of 11. John bought___ for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes     B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes     D. two pairs shoes 12. —How many ____ have you got on your farm? —I’ve got five. A. sheeps     B. sheep     C. pig     D. chicken 13. Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans     B. Germen     C. Germany     D. Germanies 14. In the picture there are many____ and two____. A. sheep; foxes         C. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; fox         D. sheep; foxs 15. A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian     B. Australian    C. Japanese    D. American 16. This table is made of___. A. many glass     B. glasses     C. some glasses     D. glass 17. —What would you like to have for lunch, sir? —I’d like____. A. chicken     B. a chicken     C. chickens     D. the chicken 18. Children should make____ for old people in a bus. A. room     B. a room     C. rooms    D. the room 19. Tables are made of___. A. wood     B. some woods     C. wooden     D. woods 20. I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films. A. people     B. peoples     C. the people     D. the peoples 21.I have read____ of the young writer. A. works     B. work     C. this works     D. the works 22. Let’s meet at 7： 30 outside the gate of___? A. the People’s Park     B. the Peoples’ Park C. the People Park         D. People’s Park 23.___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people. A. /; a     B. We; the     C. The; the     D. The; a 24.How many ____ were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman     B. polices     C. police     D. peoples 25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____. A. set     B. one     C. piece    D. pair 26. Last week I bought a TV____. A. pair     B. set     C. piece     D. block 27. There is a ____of wood left on the ground. A. cup     B. piece     C. box     D. pair 28. There are sixty—seven___ in our school. A. women’s teacher     B. women teachers C. woman teachers         D. women teacher 29. There are five___ in our factory. A. woman driver         B. women driver C. woman drivers         D. women drivers 30. These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor         B. women doctors C. woman doctors         D. woman doctor 31. They write most of their.___ in English. A. business letter         B. business letters C. businesses         D. businesses letters 32. We came to a ___ at last and went in. A. watch shop         B. watches shop C. watching shop         D. watchs shop 33. This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It’s a___ A. food shop     B. book shop     C. fruit shop     D. vegetable shop 34. She broke a___ while she was washing up. A. glass of wine         B. glass for wine C. glass wine         D. wine glass 35.I’ve forgotten both of the____. A. room numbers         B. rooms number C. rooms numbers        D. room number 36. September 10th is____ in China. A. Teacher’s Day        B. Teachers’ Day C. Teacher Day         D. Teachers Day 37. —Is the broom under ____ desk? —No, it’s under____,. A. the teacher’s; my     B. teacher’s; mine C. teacher’s; me         D. the teacher’s; mine 38. Excuse me, where is the___? A. men’s room     B. mens’ room     C. men’s rooms     D. men rooms 39. The football under the bed is____. A. Lily and Lucy        B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily’s and Lucy        D. Lily and Lucy’s 40 This is my____ dictionary. A. sister Mary         B. sister’s C. sister Mary’s         D. sister’s Mary’s 41. He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt. A. a tailor     B. the tailor     C. a tailors     D. the tailors’ 42. Joan is____. A. Mary’s and Jack sister    B. Mary and Jack’s sister C. Mary and Jack sister    D. Mary’s and Jack’s sister 二. 完形填空 A driver was going by car through a country . He saw a dog   1  a man . As the car came near them ,   2  dog suddenly started to cross the road . The poor animal was   3  and killed . The driver   4  his car and walked towards the man . “ I’m very   5  that this happened . ” he said , “ Will five pounds be enough ? ” “ Oh   6  , ” said the man . “ Five pounds will   7  , ” The man put the money in his pocket , and as the car had   8  , he looked down at the   9  animal and thought . “ I wonder   10  dog it was . ” 1. A. after            B. behind            C. back            D. between 2. A. the            B. a                C. an            D. some 3. A. taken            B. caught            C. hit            D. followed