免疫学防治课件

Chapter21:ImmunoprophylaxisandImmunotherapyI.ImmunoprophylaxisConception1.Thewayofacquiredspecificimmunization2.TheclassificationandcharacteristicsofArtificialimmunization3.Biologicalproductandtheirapplication1.ThewayofacquiredspecificimmunizationNaturalimmunization:heredity,non-specificAcquiredimmunization:acquired,specificActiveimmunization:natural,artificialPassiveimmunization:natural,artificialImmunitycanbeacquiredthroughactiveandpassiveimmunizationI.ImmunoprophylaxisConception1.Thewayofacquiredspecificimmunization2.TheclassificationandcharacteristicsofArtificialimmunization3.Biologicalproductandtheirapplication2.TheclassificationandcharacteristicsofArtificialimmunizationArtificialactiveimmunization:Artificialpassiveimmunization:Comparison:ArtificialactiveimmunizationConception:Features:1.Theproductionoftheeffect:slow(inductionphase:1-4weeks)2.Thepersistenttimeofimmunity:long(months-years)3.Theapplication:specificprophylaxis4.Theagents:Ag:vaccine,toxidsArtificialpassiveimmunizationConception:Features:1.Theproductionoftheeffect:fast2.Thepersistenttimeofimmunity:short(2-3weeks)3.Theapplication:treatmentandurgentprophylaxis4.Theagents:Ab:antitoxinantiserumhumangammaglobulinsyntheticpeptidesanti-idiotypeantibodiesArtificialactiveArtificialpassiveimmunizationimmunizationI.ImmunoprophylaxisConception1.Thewayofacquiredspecificimmunization2.TheclassificationandcharacteristicsofArtificialimmunization3.Biologicalproductandtheirapplication3.BiologicalproductandtheirapplicationBiologicalproducta.Vaccine:Livevaccine(attenuatedvaccine)KilledvaccineComparison*:b.Toxoid:TAT,DATc.Newvaccine:LivevaccineChemicalvaccineorsubunitvaccineCompoundvaccineGeneticengineeringvaccineAnti-idiotypevaccine死疫苗和活疫苗的比较RecombinantvaccineAnti-idiotypeantibodiesasvaccineII.ImmunotherapyConception1.Immunopotentiatorandindication2.Immunosuppressantandindication3.Immunomodulatorandtheuseofthem1.Immunopotentiatorandindicationa.Immunopotentiator:Chemicalagents:levomisole,cimetidine,isoprinosine(ISO)Microbiologicalagents:BCG,vpProteinsofimmunesystem:Ig,iRNAb.Indication:e.g.Tumor,Immunodeficiency,Infectionaldiseases2.Immunosuppressantandindicationa.Immunosuppressant*:Chemicalagents:Cyclophosphamide,CyAzathioprine,AzaHormone:steroidsMicrobiologicalagents:CyclosporineA(CsA),Tacrolimus,FK-506b.Indication:OrgantransplantationHypersensitivitydiseasesAutoimmunediseasesInfectiousdiseasesImmunosuppressionwithDrugsinactivation抑制免疫应答：HypersensitivityDiseaseAutoimmunityDiseaseGraftrejectionresponsesAnti-B7AbCTLA4IgAnti-CD28阻断co-stimulatorysignals3.Immunomodulatorandtheuseofthema.Biologicalresponsemodifier,BRMb.ClassificationandfunctionofBRMb.ClassificationandfunctionofBRM1.Immunoreconstitution:hemopoieticstemcellandthymus2.Monoclonalantibodies(McAb)andtargeteddrugMcAb:Anti-CD3,Anti-CD4,Anti-CD8Targeteddrug*:Immunotoxin,ITImmunoconjugate,Radioimmunoconjugate3.CytokinesandactivedimmunecellsCytokines*:Ils,IFN,TNF,CSF,TGFandSmallmolecularpolypeptides.Immunecells:LAK,TIL4.Tumorvaccine5.Genetherapy*:CKgenetherapyCytokinetherapyfortumorsEnhancingimmuneresponse：TumorimmunitytreatmentTransfectionB7gene