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陶瓷烫和水能烫

2017-12-03 31页 doc 78KB 44阅读

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陶瓷烫和水能烫陶瓷烫和水能烫 数码烫 今年在美发流行时尚里出现了一个较为特殊的名字———数码烫。据了解,数码烫最先在日本、韩国等地流行,今年开始在泉州流行起来。数码烫是今年世界顶尖技术,它具有以往烫发所不能完全达到的效果,并且还可以创造出具有光泽亮丽自然卷曲发型。 今年头发以轻薄为主,追求空气感,随意之间伴有凌乱美状,而数码烫正迎合了这些标准,自然也就成为新潮发式。发型设计师用削刀、打薄刀和剪刀,调整各部分的发量及头发内部的结构,运用不同层次及不连接剪发的技巧,把头发的“空气感”表现出来,呈现蓬松、自然、飘逸的感觉。 要做出数码烫的效...
陶瓷烫和水能烫
陶瓷烫和水能烫 数码烫 今年在美发流行时尚里出现了一个较为特殊的名字———数码烫。据了解,数码烫最先在日本、韩国等地流行,今年开始在泉州流行起来。数码烫是今年世界顶尖技术,它具有以往烫发所不能完全达到的效果,并且还可以创造出具有光泽亮丽自然卷曲发型。 今年头发以轻薄为主,追求空气感,随意之间伴有凌乱美状,而数码烫正迎合了这些,自然也就成为新潮发式。发型设计师用削刀、打薄刀和剪刀,调整各部分的发量及头发内部的结构,运用不同层次及不连接剪发的技巧,把头发的“空气感”表现出来,呈现蓬松、自然、飘逸的感觉。 要做出数码烫的效果,先要对头发进行修型,没有层次感的发型,是无法营造出轻薄、飘逸的动感的。首先,要用剪刀使头发参差不齐,再用刀削。因为刀削能做到只改变头发的厚度并能保持头发长度不变,所以头发看上去更有层次感。因此,要特别注意一点,只有在头发高层次的基础上做数码烫效果最佳。 与其他烫法不同的是,数码烫讲究卷,先卷后烫。其中,数码烫发棒的直径在20毫米到24毫米左右,消费者可依据自己的的喜好随意调节卷的大小。 发型师把分好的一绺头发缠在棒子上后,又用一个夹子似的东西套夹在棒子的外面。不同于传统烫发杠子,一个数码烫的杠子分为里外两个,而且,数码烫的杠子是内外双向同时加热,缠在里面的头发由棒子加热,缠在外面的头发由夹子加热,温度也是电脑控制,这样能够保证内外温度的一致性,并且做到不损伤发质。 需要指出的是,与其他烫发方式所用时间不同,数码烫只需半个小时左右,这让那些不喜欢花长时间去美发的时尚美眉们欢心鼓舞,更重要的是做完数码烫后的头发也容易整理,并且,根据每人的不同喜好还可以打理成不同的发型,喜欢小波浪型的就打哩水,喜欢大波浪型的可以使用营养霜等。另外,数码烫很大众化,多种年龄阶段都适合。 根据烫发整体造型,一般说来烫发时就要同时染发。在色彩方面,酒红色、紫色成为染发颜色的时尚,而其他颜色也以自己独有的色彩吸引着人们,金棕色给人以帅性、真实的个性,亚麻金铜色则表现出灿烂的光彩、火热的动感。 总之,数码烫结合了当今所有烫发优点,同时也达到所有烫发所达不到的要求,并呈上各种风格的潮流让美眉们去享受,而且数码烫强调个性造型,真正做到了时尚与风潮。 数码烫好处大公开 温度偏低 数码烫的电芯只有80摄氏度,远低于陶瓷烫的180摄氏度,当然对头发损伤自然少很多。 数码控制 数码烫机有8个按纽,可以区别健康头发、粗硬头发、受损程度等不同发质,以确定烫发的时间和烫发的卷曲程度。 效果更佳 用数码烫做出的效果会更自然、飘逸;选用日本的电发材料,使头发更加顺滑和有弹性。 ?数码烫步骤 洗头 这道程序中特别注意不用洗发水清洗头皮,这样可以保护头皮。为了使烫过的卷发保持的时间更长,两天之内不能洗头,因此,在做数码烫之前,最好自己先将头发彻底清洗干净。 软化剂 软化剂是通过物理性能而不是化学性能来改变头发的组成结构,因此对头发的伤害比较小。软化剂需要彻底浸透头发,因此涂量很大;时间大约10分钟,当头发卷在手指上能缓缓解开就表明软化完成。 冲头 用温水冲洗后上营养护发素。 烫发 用专业的发芯把头发卷好,然后通电,健康头发需25分钟,而受损头发只需10分钟。 护理 使用中和剂护理头发。 成型 冲净头发后吹干整型,一头妩媚的卷发就诞生了,正如美发师所承诺的,弯弯的卷发充满动感与灵性,丝毫没有死板的感觉。 urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district 烟花烫过程效果 烟花烫 烟花烫和锡纸烫相似,只是锡纸烫没有烟花那样特蓬的效果~而且锡纸烫很伤头发,烫出来头发很干很干的。 先把顾客的头发用单一的洗发水洗干净,不需要用护发素,然后把全头的头发分成三到四层,再用挑梳把每层的头发分成粗细适中的小股,然后把烫发棒跟头发缠绕在一起,记得要把头发的角度提拉到90度以上,按照此法直到把全头的头发都缠绕完成,如果是有刘海的发型必须留出刘海区不用烫,最后按照顾客的发质来选择电发水,等到全部完成后冲洗干净头发,不需要用洗发水,稍稍用点护发素就可以了,然后全头吹干,用手把头发发根抓立起来,最后用发泥外加一点拉丝发蜡完成整个照型 水能烫过程与效果陶瓷 spa 水浴 热能烫之后,2007后是水能烫的时代,水能烫集合了所有烫发的优点,是一种迷人的花式烫发。它是一种热烫。水能烫烫出的效果好,弹性好,卷度好,用的时间短,操作起来容易。所以受到了众多发型师,美发店的老板的关注。 [编辑本段]原理 利用水分子纳米、烫发的原理,使用的是特殊制成之远红外线电发棒,加热后会产生对头发有益的远红外线,采用低温微波结合水发出能量的过程。具备了有收紧表皮层毛磷片,重建发体及补强结构的功效。 [编辑本段]工具及操作方法 工具:烫发药水《1剂和2剂》,蛋白质《即隔热霜》,氨基酸,陶瓷机或数码烫机都可。 操作: 1.将头发涂上蛋白质〈健康发质也得涂,但要少涂〉 2.涂上1剂〈软化剂〉涂上一个发片药水,就上一个杠子。因为如果将所有的头发都涂上药水再上杠子,药水可能就干了,会影响上杠。 3.将药水涂完,杠子就上完。这时垫上海绵垫,插上插头加热〈时间为,受损发质6-12分钟,健康发质12-15分钟〉。 4.加热后请勿试卷。拔下插头,拿下海绵垫。喷上氨基酸。〈不须冷却〉。 5.上2剂〈15分钟即可〉。 6.拆杠,冲水即可。 水能烫(低温)操作方法 一 清洁头发 后修剪 二 吸干水分 以不滴水为宜 三 将第一剂涂抹于全部头发再逐个上发杠或者边涂抹边上发杠均可 (根据个人操作的技巧和上发杠的时间来决定适合自己的卷杠方法) 四 发杠排列和数量最好按照陶瓷烫的操作来做参照 五 上发杠结束后包好保鲜膜自然停放(在温度低的区域要进行常规冷烫的加温进行内加热) 六 停放10分钟后进行试卷的观察 (每种发质的软化时间都有不同的差异 所以试卷的过程和准确的判断很重要) 七 试卷达到理想的卷度后带杠用温水冲洗干净 八 吸干水分后进行二剂的涂抹 停放15分钟以上即可冲水 [编辑本段]特色和优点 特色 ?采用1×4×10组自动控温,衡温装置; ?特具微电脑自动控时,可精准控制每支卷心动作; ?采用智能辐射技术,发芯低温、头发加热,加温更均匀、迅速; ?微波电脑调节,防水、防爆,安全性能超卓。 优点 低温处理,不伤发质。 比其它陶瓷机低温,减少过烫、过热现象,重现头发弹性; 操作简便、快捷。 搭配韩国分子水能陶瓷烫药水,无需软化过程。分子水能烫专用之中间酸能平衡头发的酸碱度,使卷度更平均,urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district 让发质弹性更佳。 不须特别整理。 定型前无需冲水,烫发后只须用少许护发用品为日常保养即可,不须特别使用发雕整理。 [编辑本段]水能烫常见问问答 1问:水能烫是热烫吗, 答:是热烫。 2问:水能烫和陶瓷烫,数码烫有什么不同, 答:操作步鄹不同外,烫出的效果还比搪瓷烫的效果好。用的时间短。〈一般为1个半小时左右〉。。 3问:烫前蛋白质的量应该涂多少, 答:不管受损发质或正常发质都得涂上蛋白质,受损发质可以多涂,正常发质要少涂。 4问:为什么要一边涂1剂,一边上杠, 答:因为1剂是一种膏状体,易干,如不涂上就上杠,等干了就对上杠有影响。 5问:1剂涂上不用软化,就直接上杠,不冲水吗, 答:水能烫是不用软化的,直接上杠,更不用冲水。这也是水能烫的独特之处,既省事,又省时。 6问:在加热过程中不用间隔加热吗, 答:不用间隔加热。就算是受损发质都不用,一般受损发质6-12分钟。就算是抗拒发质,只须15分钟。 7问:加热完后直接喷上氨基酸吗, 答:是的。氨基酸喷上去就可以将杠子冷却,所以不用冷却。 8问:喷完氨基酸马上上2剂吗, 答:是的。马上上2剂。 9问:烫发时杠子要怎么排呢, 答:这要根据顾客的脸型和发型师剪的发型来排。但卷杠时分的发片要注意。三角形发片烫出来,花型不等,有的地方花大,有的地方花小。圆型发片烫出来,花型卷度不好。长方形发片烫出来,花型散。正方形发片烫出来花型不散,卷度好。所以我建议用正方形发片或长方形发片排杠。圆形,三角形发片是不个取的?。。。。。 10问:烫出来后为什么不卷, 答:一般是加热时间不够,或1剂涂太少。 11问:烫完后为什么有一股怪味, 答:这是正常的。水能烫药水在烫之前并没有怪味。烫完后有怪味。这是正常的。但味道不大。持续时间不会很长。。。。 12问:烫前头发应该怎么剪, 答:一般为高层次。 13问:烫后应该怎么打理, 答:打少许的发拉油。加上风罩,将头发吹成型即可。如果自己在家里洗完头后。可以用手抓少许的发蜡油,抓不均匀是,将头摇一摇。即可。 我刚买了个陶瓷机,做了几个头发了怎么不太卷呢,都不还意思收人钱了我还以为是软化不到位,后来又试个两个软化好了啊~可还是不卷好烦的我是这样做的步骤:清洗头发、吹8成干、上1号药水、带冒加热、软化好了、冲水,吹干、上杠、140度加热20分钟、冷却、上2号定型15分钟、冲水。麻烦支招,不胜感激~~~ 网站地址: 不上花的原因我觉得: 1》上杠前头发要有足够的湿度。 urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district 2》卷杠时要卷的很紧(卷好杠子上皮筋前,左手抓住杠子中间,右手垫着毛巾卷动杠子,倒卷不动为止。) 3》加热时要分段加热,不能一次十分二十分的。每加热一次都要等杠子凉透以后再加热。 4》杠子凉透后直接带着杠子上2号,上2-3遍。 5》拆下杠子后,再上一遍定型2号抓一抓。2分钟以后冲水。 烫发名称繁多 操作方法最重要 本报讯(记者 杜柏业)昨日,记者通过走访部分不同规模、不同档次的美发店了解到,大型美发店的烫发价格一般从280元到上千元不等,中型美发店的烫发价格一般从120元到五六百元不等,小型美发店的烫发价格一般从几十元到二三百元之间。 记者在一家大型美容美发机构门口处的一面广告牌上看到,一种采用“先进技术”的“顶级”头发护理的费用要1980元。针对市场上名目繁多的烫发名称,玉泉区吉泰小区的消费者马艳红无奈地说,她每次烫头发时,都是先听美发师傅介绍,然后再选择哪一种烫法,自己根本看不明白。 目前市场上的烫发名目繁多,从几十元的水能烫、生物烫,到几百元的无杠烫、魔术烫甚至上千元的芦荟乳内酯烫、酸碱平衡电烫等,各种各样的名称、价格往往令消费者眼花缭乱。在中山路的一家皇剪美发店,记者以普通消费者的身份询问这些烫发项目的区别时,一位美发师告诉记者,这些名称大多是伴随烫发水的名字而起的,用哪种药水一般就叫做什么烫,药水不同,对头发的损伤度也不同。 玉泉区明美美发店的一位姓张的美发师告诉记者,烫发用的药水基本上只存在碱性程度的不同,有的碱性稍微强一些,有的则相对弱一些。因为只有用碱性药水才能将头发的鳞片打开,从而使之发生形状的改变。从专业角度讲,烫发的种类实际上只有热烫和冷烫两种。而烫发效果的好坏主要取决于操作者对于顾客发质的了解程度以及具体的操作手法,如果操作不当,即使用的是国际知名品牌的烫发水,也同样可能会把头发烫坏。 生化烫水能烫数码烫陶瓷烫 烫发名目让人晕 生化烫、水能烫、还有“麻辣烫”,稀奇古怪的美发术语层出不穷,让消费者眼花缭乱,价格也从几十元到几百元不等。,,日,记者调查发现,烫发方法分为“冷烫”和“热烫”两种,目前市面上的烫法大多属于“热烫”,技术上并没太大区别,区别在于药水对头发的伤害程度 ,,日上午,市民胡小姐去东部一家美发店烫发,让美发师推荐烫哪一种比较好。谁知理发师拿出一张单子,上面印着数码烫、陶瓷烫等近,,种烫发名称,胡小姐顿时没了主意。当问起这些不同的烫发方式有什么区别时,一位工作人员介绍说,使用数码烫和陶瓷烫,头发不用使用定型产品打理。如果是喇叭烫,头发柔顺飘逸。胡小姐还是不太明白,最后只好选择了价格较贵的一种锡纸烫,她认为贵的肯定对头发伤害小。 另一位想要烫发的李小姐表示,不仅烫发名目多,而且理发师拿出来的药水一般都是外文,根本看不懂。上次她烫发用的是一种叫“水果奇缘”的药水,整个瓶上就没有一个汉字。美发店的美发师只是一味地说比原来的更好,也不知道该不该相信。 台东一家美发店的美发师表示,烫发的原理是用碱性的烫发剂破坏头发的组织,然后用电热板等仪器拉直或者用编小辫的方式让头发卷起来,从而形成新发型。不管名称怎么变,头发无非是烫直或是烫urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district 卷,区别只是在于哪种药水对头发的伤害更小,或是烫好之后更容易打理。“懂行的人都知道,烫发的好坏关键在于美发师的手艺和使用的药水。即便同一种烫法,不同的店,不同的美发师做出来的效果也会相差很大。”该美发师表示。 一位业内人士提醒,由于烫发品种繁多,许多消费者往往不知道如何选择,因担心低价位的会损伤自己的头发,所以都选贵的。他表示,烫发水中一般都含有氨,如果味道很重,那对头发的伤害一定很大。品质好的烫发水,,值接近中性,能尽量保持头发原有的光泽和弹力,消费者不要被烫发名字迷了眼,可以根据药水的味道进行选择。 现在烫发分两大类:冷烫和热烫。冷烫就是一般意义的烫发,烫完后要打啫哩保湿,湿的时候是卷的,干的时候卷度不好,打东西后头发硬没有弹性。热烫,现在分离子烫、陶瓷烫、数码烫等。先软化,在上杠子。这种烫发的不同之处是湿的时候卷度不大,但干的时候卷度好些,头发是软的,有弹性。现在很多推数码烫的,因为数码烫机器价格不高,很容易上,但数码烫烫不好的话会和冷烫一样,也要打东西保湿,要是做成这样的效果,还不如做冷烫,冷烫价格要低些。但热烫也不是万能的,有些发型是需要用冷烫来做的。 烫发时如何判断发质状况 烫发前,对发质的诊断是非常重要的,了解发质有目的的选择烫发的方式与烫发水,可有效的避免发质受损,使发卷度得到更好的体现。烫发前在头发正常干燥状态下,通过目测的方法可直接判断发质状况,但往往不够准确。下面给大家推荐几种发质的诊断与测试技巧。 一、干燥度测试技巧:取大约20根左右的头发,缠绕在手指上,然后适当用力想外拉伸数下,如果头发有弹性,没有拉断现象,健康;如果拉断的数目较多(15%),说明干燥。 二、多孔性测试技巧:取一束头发,用左手将发尾捏紧,再用右手轻轻捏在发束的1/2处,向发尾处推,如果被推离左手的头发数目多,说明多孔,反之则健康。 三、弹性测试技巧:取一根头发,捏紧并露出大约5~10cm长度的发尾,然后用另一手的指甲轻轻从头发上滑过,这时头发会出现许多小圈,记住小圈的圈数,再将发圈轻轻拉直10秒,松开手,如果圈数减少,说明弹性小,如果圈数没有减少,说明弹性大。 时尚热烫 现在最为时尚的是热能烫, 离子烫 离子烫,是在一把平板夹内部使用陶瓷片,只要一插电热能烫分为:离子烫、陶瓷烫、热塑烫等。 导热、分缕夹住头发,反复拉直数遍后就能获得直发的效果,但又避免了头皮被拉扯的痛苦。 离子烫的成败主要取决于第一道上软化剂的步骤,有经验的发型师必须根据发质、发量来判断药剂停留的时间,时间过短效果不好,过长势必损坏发质。离子烫是通过改变发质结构来达到其效果的,只有先破坏发质才能重建新的结构,因此离子烫肯定会伤头发,不伤头发是不可能拉直的。特别提醒你,离子烫有不少禁忌,如两天内不能洗发或夹、绑头发,短发的人若有分界习惯,也必须提前告诉发型师,否则定型后很难再改变,染发则必须在烫发后至少1星期才能进行,发尾过度干燥的人,建议先剪掉干燥部分,以免发尾部分效果不明显。 适合人群:天生卷发的、头发特别多的、烫过发的或是追求超直感觉的人士。那样特别受损的头发做出来效果不太好,头发太少或太软的人专家也不建议做。 Tips:离子烫所用的平板夹内的陶瓷片可以耐高温到180度,有些业内人士认为离子烫是美发界两大美 发杀手中的一种,因此受损的头发要谨慎。 陶瓷烫 陶瓷烫也即远红外线陶瓷烫,用陶瓷杠子加热做卷发,加热温度是180度左右。这种卷发比起传统上的卷发效果来得更自然些,尤其在干发时比湿发的卷度更漂亮。陶瓷烫是利用一台长相如八爪鱼的仪器,用陶瓷棒将发丝从四面八方夹住拉开,插电导热后烫卷,因此短发容易漏卷,并不适合尝试。 其特点是头发干后,卷度依旧,并且充满弹性,烫后效果能够保持6-10个月。基本上陶瓷烫的过程与离子烫相似,在烫后48小时内不能用风筒吹、拉直,否则会让发质加倍折损。由于陶瓷烫的机器较贵,同时对发型师的手艺要求也较高,故陶瓷烫在同类烫发中是最贵的,一般都在600元以上,用好的烫发药水达到1000元也是不稀奇的,当然,只要烫得好,陶瓷烫出来的效果是非常漂亮的,当然对于发质的伤害也是肯定的。 适合人群:陶瓷烫对于中长、长发都适合,适合头发较硬、较粗的发质。 Tips:陶瓷烫和离子烫一样,都是对头发伤害最大的两种烫法,它们需要将头发加热到很高的温度,是所 有电发种类里温度最高的。做了陶瓷烫的MM,发膜是肯定要做的。这样也是对秀发做出牺牲的一种补偿吧! 热塑烫 热塑烫,最新烫法,也叫数码烫,或是SPA烫,杠子是特殊塑料的,温度是130度左右,配合特殊的药水和特殊的烫法能达到陶瓷烫的效果,并且基本做到不伤发。因为机器价格低,所以烫发价格也稍低于陶瓷烫。最新的热塑烫机,样子像UFO,有很多爪子,看着像陶瓷机,但功能和陶瓷机不一样,杠子温度是40,160度可调,适合多种烫发和任何发质,有红外线功能和冷喷护发功能,有特殊的杠子测温功能,更好的检测烫发温度,有效保护头发。需要注意的是,普通热塑烫机子比以前的陶瓷机价格低,好多小店也有,但技术和产品不一定到位,有的做过后达不到“越干越卷不用打啫哩保湿”的效果。 Tips:它的优点是操作时间更短,仅需1个小时左urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district 右,但是最大的缺点对头发的挑剔,尤其是对于受损发质的效果奇差:比如,卷度不持久,烫后特别毛燥。所以,在时下受损发质的顾客特别多的现实下,专业发型师不想冒险主推此产品。因此,在美发市场中,它仅有“半席之地”。 目前,一种来自法国的15分钟完成烫发的极速护发烫受到专业发型师的推荐。据称此烫法无刺鼻味道,补充养分,并且拥有完美的烫后效果。当然,随着技术的进步,每一种烫发技术都不可能100%完美,都必将被更好的新技术所代替。 Tips: 1、烫发不成功不能短期再来一次,两次烫发时间最好间隔半个月以上。而首次烫发的人,烫发时间尽可能缩短,同时与第二次烫发的时间间隔半年以上为佳。 2、发型师的技术水 准比药水的好坏更能影响烫发的效果 3、烫发不能改观较差的发质,再好的烫发水也会损伤头发,只是损伤程度相对小一些。在烫发后及时护理,为头 发补充营养。 4、尽量找美发师亲自操作,这样你才会拥有一头适合你的,个性的卷发。 5、选产品时,应看产品包装。 对于标称“某某国某某公司监制”的应尽量避免。 烫发前的准备要务 Do 翻阅杂志,汲取灵感 当前最流行的发型在杂志中都一目了然,如果你已经有了初步的设想,再拿杂志的发卷效果作参考,和发型师沟通起来会更顺利。 Do 不吹风 保持头发内的含水量,在接近烫发日的前一周内不用吹风机烘干头发。 Don’t 烫发前洗头 烫发前不要洗头,以免抓挠头皮造成敏感或感染。 Do 密集保养 不仅每天要用滋润修护型产品洗护头发,一周内最好再用1-2次火局油膏或发膜,提高头发的强韧度,还可以到美发沙龙做专业烫前护理,以精华液或发膜为秀发补充胶原蛋白,改善受损发质。 与发型师沟通四大要点 烫发在所有美发项目中的价格算比较贵的,这不仅因为它是一种永久性的头发定型方式,也因为在漂亮的发卷或是笔直的清汤挂面下面,那些让发丝光彩不减的先进工艺。 ?Point1 从价格到品质 据调查,大部分美发沙龙的烫发价格为:短发280元-300元;中长发400-450元;长发600元左右,上下浮动不超过20%。 *相对经济的办法有购买美发年卡,和朋友share一盒烫发药水,以及到地段不太繁华的美发沙龙去做等等。 ?一家能保证烫发品质的美发沙龙也很关键,你不妨从以下几步入手: Step 1 选对店和产品品牌:美发沙龙可分为“品牌店”和“流水店”两种。品牌店只经营世界知名专业美发品牌的产品,注重服务品质,例如巴黎欧莱雅、威娜、卡诗、美奇丝专门店等;流水店属非品牌店,会采用不同档次、不同品牌的产品,质量和价格差异也比较大。但是各位出于对健康和价格的考虑,最好是带上自己的产品去非品牌发廊做,除了非常的优惠外更重要的是保住了美丽和健康。 Tip:知名品牌 产品在这两类店的价格相差不多,遇到过低的折扣应该小心。 Step 2 选对人:优秀发型师是成功发型的决定性因素,攀谈几句,让他简单你的发质、发型和脸型的关系, 就能了解发型师的基础素养和专业水准。 Tip:不想冒险去做试验品,最简单的方法莫过于去朋友介绍的店,或是相对知名的品牌店。 Step 3 选对产品:无论优劣,烫发精的味道都很刺鼻,所以我们很难通过闻去确认品质。不过观察外包装,不失为一个办法。优质烫发产品的包装精制,印制细腻,标明出厂日期和卫检证号;而劣质产品的包装往往粗糙,材质差,没有出厂日期,甚至有难闻的劣质油墨味。 Tip:记得观察包装的新旧程度,避免用到灌装在正牌包装里的劣质产品。 ?Point2 不同烫法的差异 依原理不同,烫发分成离子烫和化学烫。离子烫又名平板烫,可以烫直也可以烫卷。而所谓负离子烫、水疗离子烫、由离子烫、黄金离子烫、排毒离子烫等眼花缭乱的名称,其效果无非就是一个:把头发变直。而化学烫相对复杂,这个我们以往喜欢叫做“冷烫”的办法,由于烫发的方式和造型的效果不同又分成了不同的类别。 ?螺旋烫 电话线一样的小螺旋卷,蓬松度大,可以提升两倍的发量。 ?喇叭烫 日式烫法,将喇叭发卷向上或向下放置,烫出的效果截然不同。 ?空气烫 烫前将头发剪碎,再由发型师依据你的脸型烫出蓬松的发卷。 ?陶瓷烫 接近造型过的大卷,但国内技术水平尚不成熟,返工率高。 ?烟花烫 超细型的电话线小卷,令头发蓬松,可提高三倍发量。 ?锡纸烫 类似烟花烫,发量可提高两倍。 Tips:1 不要被五花八门的烫发名称弄晕,任何一种离子烫都运用了相同的原理,效果也相近;而像陶瓷烫这样的冷烫法,也被编撰出多个名字:数 码烫、热能烫、spa烫。 2 陶瓷烫、喇叭烫对发质的要求较高,最好是健康的头发去尝试。 揭秘:美发行业暴利黑幕 “别轻易相信一些美发店所谓大酬宾、让利的招牌,其实5元的烫发水在很多美发店能给你做出268元的发 型。”在岛城几家大型美发店工作了5年的小张近期准备改行,向记者揭露了美发行业的惊人暴利和内幕。 urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district 行业揭秘 染发剂进店身价翻番 “干美发这行的都知道,染发剂、烫发水、洗发精、护发素等美发用品的进价相当低,但到了美发店身价起码翻五倍。”小张介绍说,很多美发店给烫染发药水起上“洋名”借以提高烫染发的价格。但事实上,让消费者听起来感觉很高档、很专业的烫染药水,除个别大品牌外,都是从美容美发用品店里采购的。小张举例说,一支平均进价5元左右的染发剂,加上一些双氧奶,成本不过十几块钱,放在比较上档次的美发店里,可以做两个中长发,单做一个的价位就在近三百元。专供的大品牌药水利润也高得惊人,进价30多元一支的威娜染发剂,到美发店里染一个中长发就要400多元左右。 同样是5元一瓶烫发药水,在西部、台东和东部美发店烫出来的价格会相差几十倍,“越是知名、高档的美发店,收费越高、利润越大。这就是现在的美发店装修越来越高档的原因。” 小张解释说,现在美发店用的美发产品多数都是大容量装的低价产品,十几元一大桶的洗发精、十至二十元的染发剂和烫发水。即使最好的染发剂一支也不过70多元,但因成本高利润低,一般顾客难接受,所以美发店极少用最好的产品,所以质量不太好的中低档产品占主流。 市民反映 捡便宜被忽悠三百元 市民李女士昨向记者反映称,上周她在一美发店门口看到“三八节特惠60元动感烫”的宣传,本想捡个便宜,结果被忽悠了300多元。“你的头发受损严重,如果不用好烫发水会更损害头发。”李女士进店后被告知,60元的普通烫发水对头发伤害很大。无奈之下,她选了160元价位的动感烫。洗发时,洗头小工称李女士头发缺乏营养,如果药水里掺粒精华素保证烫后头发又亮又有弹性。想到只添20元就能有这个效果,李女士同意了。烫完后,美发师说李女士黑发显老气,不如染成棕色,效果最佳,现在染打折。三说两说,李女士又掏出168元染了头发。回到家,李女士越想越难受,“这不是提前设好的陷阱吗,”(来源:青岛早报) 内幕人揭秘 四点 内幕一 利欲驱使使用廉价劣质产品 陈明说,他刚踏入这个行业时,这个行业还不像现在这样等级分明,美发店数量非常多,为了盈利,为了拉客源,导致恶性竞争。如果都使用名牌洗发水,成本较高。 一些不法厂商生产销售的假冒洗发水,单从色泽、香味来看几乎以假乱真。因此,每家店都是买散装洗发水,然后灌入名牌洗发水瓶中。 随着国家监管力度加强,市场上优胜劣汰,现在大中小美发店的差距逐渐拉开。大型美发店主要从厂家urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district 直接订货,采用品牌代理的方式,一些杂牌洗发水是进入不到高级市场领域的。 内幕二 一桶至少可赚四五百元 陈明说,一些假冒名牌洗发水大多是南方一些小作坊产的。 陈明给记者算了一笔账:一桶进价25元的洗发水,5公斤,按照最低100人使用、每人平均收费10元计算,去掉店面人工等成本,至少可赚四五百元。 内幕三 占市场上的10%~20% 陈明说,低档美发店,一般用最便宜的浓缩洗发水冲头,用大桶洗发水、杂牌洗发水干洗,比例占市场上的10%~20%。 中档美发店基本上都是购买5公斤一桶的洗发水冲头,用稍好一些的洗发水干洗。 高档美发店多购买品牌洗发水冲洗、干洗。干洗的最低价格也在30元~40元。 内幕四 “进口”美发品多国产 一些中低档美发产品看起来很“洋气”,上面写着日文、韩文、英文,有的有两种以上的外国文字。陈明说,这种自称为“进口”的美发产品,多为国外原料、国外技术、国内生产,与消费者想像中的“纯进口”产品大相径庭。 消费提醒: 如何辨别洗发水的真假 长春皮肤泌尿专科医院皮肤科窦主任表示,使用不合格洗发水会导致头皮发痒、疼痛,头发枯黄、发脆等反应,但是否会出现病症无法确定。那么,如何辨别洗发水的真假呢, 一、看生产日期。真洗发水的包装瓶身上,字迹清晰可见。 二、看洗发水黏稠度。真洗发水比较黏稠,用手搓搓,张开手指,可以扯出很多丝而不断。假的黏性差,拉不出丝。 三、看瓶底。正常使用完的洗发水,瓶底磨损不大,而反复使用过的塑料瓶瓶底有明显磨损。 四、闻气味。真的洗发水味道清新,劣质洗发水味道一般“五味杂陈”。(来源:新文化网) [小编提示] urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district 早报已开通消费维权平台,消费者在日常生活中遇到消费欺诈,对商品质量问题产生疑问,或是向商家 索赔遭拒„„总之,一切消费问题都可以向工商部门反映。工商部门将邀请专家为您排除困扰,维护权益~ 主题:洗发水内幕:美发业内人士揭秘洗发水赚3000元的暴利 “美丽从头开始”,冬天来了,美发店的生意格外火爆,很多人都想换个新发型。走进一些中高档美发店,一般消费都要好几百元,这钱花得究竟值不值呢?一位在武汉名发世家美发店工作3年的美发师阿飞(化名)向记者揭开了美发行业暴利的“秘密”。为了证实阿飞的说法,记者在该店实地体验了一次,并走访了六渡桥化妆品批发市场。 洗 散装洗发水暗藏“大猫腻” “请问是要洗头吗?”昨日,记者走进名发世家位于广埠屯附近的分店,一位小伙子热情地迎了上来。他介绍,该店洗发水有高中低不同的价位,中档洗发水威娜吹洗价15元左右,高档的黑人头吹洗30元。“这两个都是德国的正品。”记者发现,这些品牌在超市很难见到,价格也比市场价贵很多。 阿飞介绍:“理发店的洗发水都是散装的, 25元一桶,有时还会用水稀释,换上瓶子就成了‘高档货’。一桶洗发水少说也能洗个上百次。” 按照阿飞的说法,记者粗略地计算了一下,一桶进价25元的洗发水供100人使用,每人收费30元,美发店可赚取3000元。 阿飞还告诉记者,在汉口六渡桥有个温州美容美发用品批发中心,美发店的货一般都从那里批发。记者随后在该市场看到,十斤桶装的威娜洗发水岔着卖,“美发店的人都批发这个货,用好的洗发水赚得少。”一个批发店的老板说,这个牌子的洗发水卖得特别好,“买得划算,卖出去也赚钱”。 几百元离子烫药水只需十几块 记者发现,这家美发店的价目表标示着不同的烫发价位,优质烫538元,品质烫480元„„ 美发师解释,烫发的价格是根据使用药水的品牌决定的。 “我们使用的是专业烫发药水,一般都是从德国或日本进口的高档货,质量和效果绝对有保证。”美发师信誓旦旦地推荐。 “烫发药水进价一般在25—55元之间,最贵的也不会超过100元。一瓶药水可以供三四个顾客使用。离子烫99元起价,最高的五六百。”阿飞说:“这些药水都是在六渡桥那边批发的,其实都是仿的,与正品相似度很高,另外产品外包装都是外文,一般顾客不能识别真假。” 记者走访六渡桥美发用品批发市场发现,离子烫药水批发价从十几元到几十元不等。在附近一家大型美发店,美发师向记者推荐一套“男爵”药水,“以前卖1800—1900元,现在优惠价只要980元”。记者注意到,这套“男爵”从生产厂家到商标图案名称都和批发市场上销售的完全一致,每套只要120元。 urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district urban area 2.5.2 Yibin city in Yibin city, according to resource and environment characteristics Urban population and urban spatial distribution, spatial distribution of industries, major infrastructure Corridor layout, combined with the future development trend of synthetic judgments, planning, urban spatial structure of urban system can be summarized as: "a pole along the two axes". "A" refers to the metropolitan area along the Yangtze River, is the core area of the development of the city. Plans to build for the Yangtze River economic belt on the pillar, advancing along the ... Guanghe River, Yiliang, prestige of the external cohesion of zhaotong, Yunnan, internal connecting Yibin city to the North. The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area of Yibin, in the city of zhaotong, liupanshui three, zhaotong city, the most populous and most extensive regions, the most economically backward, to the North in Wumeng mountain area of yanjin, shuifu, suijiang counties radiation power is relatively weak. Yibin city and infrastructure in such areas should be strengthened and docking, extending southward to public services, promote the development of mineral resources in Northeast Yunnan, expand our economic hinterland, driving synchronous lifting in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area. This urban axis with mineral resource advantages, focus on the development of advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of resources of higher energy, new building materials, chemical industry, developing new energy and mining towns. Urban space organization-in gongxian County, Gao, junlian County Center for area organizations, improve, Gao, Gong, junlian County comprehensive services, and promoting regional economic development and population growth of the agglomeration. Along the main traffic arteries to implement "point-axis development" mode key repeatedly, Shahe town, Xiao Zhen, Luo table Zhen, Luo town, love Mu Zhen and other towns as district development focuses on cities and towns, promote the development of district
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